Development Summit Research Articles

New dimensions in dining: A review of the gastronomic evolution of 3D printed foods from 2013 to 2024 and beyond

The development of 3D food printing is evolving, particularly in high-end restaurants, since 2013 when the first complex 3D printed chocolate concept for gastronomy was developed. In 2014, several 3D food printers were launched specifically to suit requirements from the culinary sector. These technology companies often partnered with renowned chefs who developed recipes, showcased the printers and served their food products in their restaurants. Chefs often worked in teams with e.g. food designers, technologists, engineers, and nutritionists to create dishes for events and for their own restaurant customers. From Michelin starred restaurants, pop-up events to pizzerias, 3D food printers were starting to make an appearance from 2015. Then with the adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, at the UN Sustainable Development Summit in 2015, the type of 3D printed foods that chefs started to develop and serve would take a new direction. By 2017 3D printed foods which were suitable for specific diets, were emerging, such as those for people with dysphagia, allergies or intolerances. While some chefs, bakers and pâtissiers focused on designing foods to meet nutritional requirements, others were involved in the reduction of food waste in restaurants, or recipe development and design of sustainable protein-based foods. Other culinarians undertook to design novel and innovative foods for customers to enjoy as a dining experience. The gastronomic evolution of 3D printed food (3DPF) from 2013 to the present day is reviewed and developments which are likely to influence the culinary sector in the coming years are explored.

Tourism Sustainomics: A New Application of Sustainomics in Tourism

This short communication presents “Tourism Sustainomics”,” an adaptation of the scientific concept of Sustainomics, which was originally presented at the World Development Summit in Rio and is specifically tailored to the field of tourism. As an emerging meta-science, Tourism Sustainomics integrates the dimensions of sustainability, stakeholder well-being and the implementation of sustainability principles to provide a comprehensive approach to sustainable tourism development. This paradigm shift advocates for a holistic, interdisciplinary framework that not only recognises the complexity of sustainable practices, but also aims to redefine the science of sustainable tourism to make it fit for the 21st century. By exploring the theoretical underpinnings and practical implications of this new paradigm, this communication aims to advance the academic discourse and promote an actionable science of sustainability in tourism. Tourism Sustainomics strives to influence universal sustainable tourism practices and contribute to a universally sustainable approach that applies to all forms of tourism throughout the physical realm of planet Earth and beyond.

A Smart Vertical Farming Hub at Isra University, Jordan: Toward the Development of Resilient Cities

The UN projects that 80% of the world’s population will be living in urban areas by the year 2050. The big rise in urbanization is anticipated to happen in Asia and Africa, and Jordan is no exemption. Dietary shifts and changes in food, energy and water nexus demands are all associated with rapid urbanization and population growth.These ramifications could even exacerbate the stress already existing on natural resources. Concerns about food security had been highlighted in 2020 and most recently in 2022 in the Jeddah Security and Development Summit, by His Majesty King Abdullah II, as the country suffered from food insecurity resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic.The pandemic had brought extra burden to an already battered economy in Jordan. It also has forced ~55% of households in Jordan to resort to the crisis by food-related survival strategies such as reducing number of meals to make ends meet. Different researchers have called to a transformation in the way the cities are planned and governed to value them in the “post-pandemic era”, to enhance futureproof models that are in harmony with local conditions and planetary boundaries, such as a “regenerative city” model aiming for greater resilience and to achieve SDGs the country pledged to. This paper highlights such facts and associated challenges through examining different literaturesto find that research on vertical farming is currently noticeable. It is believed that such method wouldestablish better understanding scholarly base of vertical farming’s theory and practice. Accordingly, the examined literatures proofed to legitimate the urgent need for the “Smart Vertical Farming Hub” at Isra University (Jordan). It successfully produced different types of greenery leaves, green pepper, and strawberry. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the nature of this project in Jordan is considered as a unique initiative aiming towardsdeveloping resilient Jordanian cities.

Decolonization Debacle: The Bane of Sustainable Development Attainment in Nigeria

Colonization, an imperial conquest of native lands by European countries, became an epoch-making, monumental highlight in the historical development of third-world countries. There is no gainsaying that the colonial exercise did more evil than good for the colonized world. The decolonization of Africa and other colonized areas of the world was a slow process that was triggered by the First and Second World Wars. The devastating effects of the two wars on the economies of the West, coupled with the native resistance from the colonies, made colonialism impracticable. Hence, the European imperialist states were faced with no other choice than to relinquish their dominance in their colonies. Nigeria, which finally, attained independence in 1960, tailored its national development policy along the welfarist paradigm. In 1987, Nigeria joined the rest of the world in subscribing to the ideology of sustainable development by partaking in the World Commission on Environment and Development summit. The realization of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) became entrenched in national developmental planning after Nigeria attended the Sustainable Development Conference held by the UN in 2012. However, following the years of decolonization, Nigeria has grappled with developmental challenges and appeared to be in reverse gear in the developmental process. The post-colonial upheavals and mismanagement of Nigeria became a glaring feature, thus having far-reaching consequences on her development strides. This begs the question as to what and how the decolonization exercise benefitted Nigeria. Therefore, this study examines the decolonization dilemma of Nigeria and how it has hampered Nigeria’s chances of attaining sustainable development. The study employed a qualitative and expository analysis in examining the effect of the decolonization process on the attainment of the SDGs. The study builds on data from a range of published and unpublished sources. It was concluded in the study, that the climate that arose from the decolonization process had not enhanced the actualization of sustainable development in Nigeria. Among the suggestions in the study includes retracing the decolonization steps taken thus far and redefining how Nigeria can be rid of the legacies and traces of colonialism so as to set out on a steady drive toward attaining sustainable development.

Embedding Countries Governance in Assessing Companies' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Reporting: A Quantitative Analysis

The United Nations Sustainable Development Summit in New York in September 2015 resulted in a tumultuous period for the companies in their quest to support the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The adoption of SDGs by all United Nations member states targets ending poverty and other deprivations, developing strategies to improve health and education, reducing inequality, and spurring economic growth while tackling climate change and working to preserve oceans and forests. This paper aims to assess the influence of countries' governance six dimensions (Voice and Accountability, Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism, Government Effectiveness, Regulatory Quality, Rule of Law, and Control of Corruption) on European companies' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) reporting from 2019 to 2021. To achieve this goal, quantitative research was conducted through linear parametric regressions. The econometric analysis is based on six regression equations, one for each countries' governance dimension, data being collected from Thomson Reuters, World Bank Governance Indicator, and International Monetary Fund databases. The sample includes 2542 companies headquartered in Europe, with 6644 panel data observations highlighted. The results show that the indicators regarding countries’ governance negatively influence companies' SDGs reporting. This study fills the gap in countries' governance research in relation to companies' SDGs reporting, which helps develop future research. Therefore, future research should address other methods of quantifying the score of companies' SDGs reporting. Furthermore, this research may be extended to all 193 United Nations member states to investigate the impact of SDGs reporting on country performance.

The Impact of Digital Transformation on ESG Performance Based on the Mediating Effect of Dynamic Capabilities

The United Nations Development Summit in 2015 adopted the “2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”, establishing a framework for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with the aim of achieving coordinated economic, social, and ecological development worldwide by 2030. The “environmental, social, and governance” (ESG) approach is important within the concept of SDGs and is the subject of increasing attention from scholars. Despite China’s significant contributions to the SDGs, it still faces numerous challenges in terms of environmental and governance development. With the ongoing development of digital technology, many Chinese enterprises aspire to harness the dividends of digital transformation in order to achieve SDGs. In this study, we aim to help companies understand how they can improve their ESG performance through digital transformation. We use a sample of A-share listed companies in China from 2011 to 2020 to construct a digital transformation index by profiling the frequency of digital-related words in companies’ annual reports using textual analysis. Furthermore, we empirically examine the direct effect of digital transformation on companies’ level of ESG disclosure and explore the mediating effect of dynamic capabilities on the impact of digital transformation on ESG performance. Empirical testing reveals that digital transformation indeed has a positive impact on enterprises’ ESG performance, and digital technology innovation can enhance ESG performance through dynamic capabilities such as green innovation, social responsibility, and operational management. The findings indicate that companies need to actively develop and promote digital technologies to obtain the benefits of digital transformation, with company executives including advanced technology in their decision-making and operational processes in an effort to promote innovation and management efficiency, thereby improving their ESG performance.

Action learning for community development from the lens of the UN's SDGs: a systematic literature review

ABSTRACT In 2015, the United Nations’ (UN's) Sustainable Development Summit adopted 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to transform the world by 2030 through solving urgent social issues, including: poverty, hunger, health and well-being, gender equality, and climate action. We used the UN's SDGs as an analytical framework to review the literature on action learning for community development. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic literature review to examine the current state of the literature on action learning for community development and to provide implications for research and practice. To that end, we used Garrard's Matrix Method for systematic review and identified 85 articles on the topic published 2004–2023 in Action Learning: Research and Practice. In an analysis of 85 articles from the lens of the UN's 17 SDGs, we identified three themes: research focus of the literature, analysis of the articles from the lens of the UN's SDGs, and comparison of global and Korean contexts in the literature. Based on the study findings, we discuss the significance of the study, implications for research and practice, and study limitations.

EVALUATION OF MUNICIPALITIES PROVIDED WASTE SERVICES IN TURKIYE WITH CLUSTER ANALYSIS

Purpose- The purpose of this study is to evaluate the municipalities providing waste services in Turkey to significantly reduce the production of solid waste through prevention, reduction, recycling, and reuse by 2030 in order to ensure sustainable production and consumption patterns. Methodology- Cluster analysis is carried out and interpreted to classify the average amount of waste collected per capita in provinces in Turkey and the ratio of the number of municipalities in each province providing waste services to the population of municipalities. The data used in the analysis is obtained from the table published for the year 2020 by scanning waste statistics on the Turkish Statistical Institute website. Findings- In the study, in line with the objectives of sustainable development, the average amount of waste collected per capita in 81 provinces throughout Turkey and the ratio of the number of municipalities in each province providing waste services to the population of municipalities are made. As a result of the analysis carried out, 81 provinces are collected in 5 clusters, while there are 23,13,27,11 and 7 provinces in the clusters. Conclusion- Sustainability emphasizes that the needs of future generations should not be ignored while meeting the needs of today. At the United Nations Sustainable Development Summit, an action plan was adopted that includes the objectives to be followed for the welfare of people around the world and the tools necessary to achieve these objectives. In this study, municipalities providing waste services in Turkey are evaluated in order to significantly reduce the production of solid waste through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse until 2030, which is within the scope of responsible production and consumption within these purposes, which Turkey also supports. As a result of the analysis, it has been evaluated that the municipalities in which provinces are in the same group that show similarities in the scope of waste service. It is thought that the findings obtained will provide information as preliminary research for those who will work on this subject and will set light on the evaluations and comparisons to be made on a provincial basis. Keywords: Sustainability, waste service, Turkish Statistical Institute, cluster analysis JEL Codes: Q01, Q50, Q56, C10

Driving the eu green deal through innovative university curricula on circular economy

Challenging the global warming and its social and economic consequences to the society, in January 2015, the General Assembly of UN, began the negotiation process on the post-2015 development agenda. The process culminated in the subsequent adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, with 17 SDGs at its core, at the UN Sustainable Development Summit in September 2015. (UN, 25 September 2015). Driving solutions to these challenges the EU also launched the European Green Deal as part of its permanent actions to transform and reshape the model of economic development generating wellbeing’s while tackling global worming consequences to the society and nature. The EU Green Deal is a new growth strategy that aims to transform the EU into a fair and prosperous society, with a modern, resource-efficient and competitive economy where there are no net emissions of greenhouse gases in 2050 and where economic growth is decoupled from resource use. COM (2019). EU Green Deal includes climate action, deforestation, biodiversity protection and restoration, circular economy, critical materials and batteries, sustainable blue economy, international ocean governance, plastic pollution and green transition.

THE IMPLICATIONS “GLOBAL OBJECTIVES” IMPLEMENTATION ON ROMANIA’S ECONOMIC SECURITY

The 2030 United Nations Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted on September 25, 2015, promotes the balance among the three sustainable development dimensions – economic, social and environmental and establishes a global framework for achieving sustainable development by 2030, having 17 sustainable development (SDGs) objectives and 169 related targets. The European Union, together with its member states, has committed to implementing these goals at EU level, as well as at other non-EU countries, most in need of support. Romania joined the leaders of the 192 UN member states at the Development Summit, adopting the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, a universal development global action program. In this context, Romania’s 2030 National Strategy for Sustainable Development was drawn up and approved by the Government on November 9, 2018, and Romania’s economic security issues were included in 2020 National Defence Strategy.

Sürdürülebilir Kalkınmanın Uygulanmasında “Güçlendirme” Kavramı Üzerine Tartışmalar ve Türkiye Örneği

Sustainable development, being at the centre of today’s global and local policies, has led to discussions about its broad content and applicability since the 1980s. In particular, the most emphasized issues have been prioritizing the economic dimension of sustainable development and understanding the environment as the optimal use of natural capital. However, as was underlined at the World Sustainable Development Summit held in 2002, a social dimension also needs to be taken into account. This study adopts a qualitative approach to explore definitions and dimensions of sustainable development and empowerment to understand how their enlarged content affects their application. The dynamic range of empowerment presented as a critical strategy for implementing the social dimension of sustainable development, the ambiguities related to the meaning of the concepts, and the discourses transmitted from the global to the local level are being investigated through the Turkish case. To explore different definitions of sustainable development and empowerment, the qualitative analysis software Atlas.ti was used. The research sample consists of ten documents on international cooperation initiatives and three Turkish documents on implementing these initiatives. The international and Turkish texts show the fluctuations of empowerment between raising human welfare and increasing production. Thus, the concept of empowerment seems to reflect the contradictions of sustainable development semantically and by the nature of the discourse used.

National Blood Foundation 2021 Research and Development summit: Discovery, innovation, and challenges in advancing blood and biotherapies.

National Blood Foundation 2021 Research and Development summit: Discovery, innovation, and challenges in advancing blood and biotherapies.

On the persistence of shocks to global CO2 emissions: a historical data perspective (0 to 2014).

Anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) are the most important greenhouse gas. However, until now, no research has investigated the persistence of global CO2 emissions over a very long period of time. This work aims to fill this gap by examining the persistence of shocks to global CO2 emissions with a dataset of more than 2000years. To this end, the study applies a battery of unit root tests by considering sharp and smooth structural shifts as well as the frequency domain properties of the series. Lee-Strazicich method results reveal that sharp break dates relate to the influenza pandemic of 1557 and the invention of the steam engine in 1712, and these historical events led to changes in the trend function of CO2 emissions. The findings of the Fourier Lagrange Multiplier and Fourier wavelet unit root tests illustrate that global CO2 emissions contain a unit root and do not exhibit mean-reverting behavior, thus external shocks have permanent effects on CO2 emissions. The results suggest that a reduction in global CO2 emissions is possible if effective environmental and energy policies established in international meetings such as Rio Conference, Kyoto Protocol Paris Agreement, and the United Nations Sustainable Development Summit are properly implemented.

The Challenges of Sustainable Development in Employee Retention of Large-Scale Industries in West Bengal Through Decent Work Indicators

Purpose – The notion of sustainable growth was introduced at the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development in Rio de Janeiro in 2012. It was decided that developed countries' actions must support all the aims. The MDGs primarily addressed issues in underdeveloped and poor countries, whereas the SDGs also involve rich countries. MDGs assumed a ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach. The two most important factors of survival — the environment and development – are not adequately integrated. On the 25th of September 2015, the United Nations Sustainable Development Summit accepted the global agenda ‘Transforming Our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development’. The purpose of the paper is to identify the proper retention strategy required for large scale industries in West Bengal in transition of change and to find the possibility of finding the scope of application of decent work indicators in large scale industries in West Bengal. Methodology - A total sample size of 607 participants from 22 large scale organizations in West Bengal is taken. Questions on decent work indicators are laid out on a five —point Likert scale. [5- Strongly Agree; 4-Agree; 3-Neither Agree nor Disagree; 2- Disagree: 1-Stronly Disagree]. The Secondary data had been collected from published and unpublished research works, research journals & reference books, magazines & Periodicals Newspapers, and websites, etc. This approach can be termed as doctrinal method of study. Results - The primary data reveal that decent work indicators can be used as important criteria for employee retention. This new approach has not been touched by earlier researchers. The objective of decent work is to improve the organization's capacity to handle its internal and external functioning and relationships. All discriminatory practices, unacceptable work conditions and violence including gender-based violence should be abolished. This helps in generating employee trust, belongingness towards organization. These practices are helpful for employee retention in large scale industries. This is growth of informal employment in regular wage category in organized and large-scale industries in West Bengal which is called as ‘formal informalization’. Practical application – Labor market uncertainties grew at a rapid pace in developing countries like India. Formal sector jobs had not been created at satisfactory pace and labor force migration took place towards informal sector. The new challenges have evolved due to rapid globalization in India. Frictional unemployment grew at a great pace in large scale industries in West Bengal. Development of proper decent work system under sustainable development agenda can create protection in the event of changes in economy and society, can reduce fear of change and can improve gainful and productive full employment in an economy.

“Visualization” of SDGs-related Patent Technologies by Natural Language Processing Technology

SDGs is an abbreviation for “Sustainable Development Goals”, which were adopted at the United Nations Sustainable Development Summit in September 2015. They were set as goals to be achieved by the 193 United Nations Member States during the 15-year period from 2016 to 2030. Technological innovation is indispensable for the realization of the SDGs, but at present, it is unclear where (countries and companies) and to what extent SDG-related technologies are available. For this reason, we used BERT, a natural language processing technology, and Japanese patent publications we own and worked on the "visualization" of the SDGs technologies in Japan. The results show that out of the 17 SDGs goals, patents can contribute to Goals 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 11 and 13.

Impact of Short-Term Emission Control Measures on Air Quality in Nanjing During the Jiangsu Development Summit

This study analyzed the effectiveness of temporary emission control measures on air quality of Nanjing, China during the Jiangsu Development Summit (JDS). We employed a regional chemistry model WRF-Chem to simulate air pollutants in Nanjing and compared the results to surface observations and satellite retrievals. During the JDS, air pollutant emissions from industry and transportation sectors largely decreased by 50–67% due to the short-term emission control measures such as reducing coal combustions, shutting down factories, and partially limiting traffic. Benefiting from the emission control, the simulated concentrations of PM2.5, NO2, SO2, CO and VOCs in Nanjing decreased by 17%, 20%, 20%, 19%, and 15% respectively, consistent with the surface and satellite observations. However, both the observed and simulated O3 increased by 3–48% during the JDS, which was mainly due to the remarkable NOx emission reduction (26%) in the downtown of Nanjing where the O3 production regime was mainly VOC-controlled. In addition, the atmospheric oxidation capacity and further the sulfur oxidation ratio, were facilitated by the elevated O3, which led to variable mitigation efficiencies of different secondary PM2.5 compositions. Our study offers an opportunity for understanding the coordinated control of PM2.5 and O3 in typical city clusters, and can provide implications for future mitigation actions.

‘No One Left Behind’: Progress of Sustainable Development in South Asia

The Sustainable Development Goals were adopted by the United Nations Sustainable development Summit in 2015, country wise appraisals of how they are being implemented are just beginning to emerge. The United Nations resolution “Transforming our World: the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development” with 17 distinct goals, and 169 targets for these goals, was endorsed by all member countries on September 25, 2015. To achieve economic, environmental and social goals in an integrated manner, reflected him the credo of “ people, planet, prosperity, peace and partnership”. There were no less than 17 very significant and substantive goals, each containing multiple targets and each target relying often on more than one indicator. And these goals and targets are not simply extrapolations of past trends. South Asia and particularly India was something of a laggard in meeting the MDGs- other than those relating to Income poverty- and if current trends are considered, the problems are even greater with respect to the sustainable development goals. The SAARC leaders have also identified poverty alleviation, jobs for youth, agriculture and food security, health and education, women and children and social protection, energy, environment and blue economy as the key development challenges for South Asia. Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam, an ancient Indian phrase meaning the sustainable development goals are, thus, part and parcel of country’s long-standing tradition and heritage. The NITI Aayog, has recently released a draft three-Year Agenda covering years 2017-18 to 2019-20. Several of the government’s programme like Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana which is the world’s largest financial inclusion programme would directly contribute to advancement of the SDGs agenda.

Slum Upgrading Spatial Model Based on Level of Vulnerability to Climate Change in Coastal Area of Semarang City

Slum settlement is one of the significant global problems which requires special concern in the discussion agenda of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of 2016-2030. The Sustainable Development Summit held in New York in September 2015 formulated that one of SDGs goals is to build inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable cities and settlements. In Indonesia, the achievement of this goal is stated in National Medium-Term Development Plan 2015-2019, i.e. creating 0% urban slum settlement which is supported by policies expected to accommodate the achievement of national development targets. Semarang Mayor Decree No. 050/801/2014 concerning the Determination of the Location of Housing Environment and Slum Settlements in Semarang City has been issued as the basis to identify slum settlements scattered throughout Semarang city, in terms of location, physical condition, and social conditions. This study was conducted by case studies on slum settlements in Trimulyo Village and Mangkang Wetan Village, Semarang city, Central Java Province, Indonesia, to formulate a slum upgrading model based on the resilience level of coastal communities towards climate change. The analysis included identifying the characteristics of slum settlements, scoring analysis to determine the resilience level possessed by coastal communities, and analysis of pentagon assets used to formulate slum upgrading models. The results of the study showed that these two research areas had a moderate level of vulnerability, with several different characteristics of asset ownership, particularly those related to human and social assets. Increasing the quality of human resources and social relations in the community was more intensified in the environment and community in Trimulyo, while improving the physical quality of the environment through housing improvements was carried out in Mangkang Wetan.

Outcomes from a cell viability workshop: fit-for-purpose considerations for cell viability measurements for cellular therapeutic products

Fit-for-purpose cell viability measurement methods are urgently needed for the characterization and testing of cellular therapeutic products (CTPs) and their manufacturing processes. A cell viability workshop held at the virtual Cell Therapy Analytical Development Summit in December 2020 brought together stakeholders from academia, federal government institutes, instrument manufacturers, and cellular therapeutic product manufacturers to explore common challenges in viability measurements, as well as to address control measures and considerations for the selection of viability assays that are targeted toward the intended use of the biological sample. This report summarizes the key findings of the workshop and identifies needs and gaps for cell viability assay standards development.

Identification of globalizing factors of socio-economic development: the concept of endogenization

The article addresses the problem of the impact of the modern socio-economic development globalization factors in the context of its endogenization. The authors argue that forming of the global economic system with high interdependence between regional integration entities and interaction of national economies in global conditions of uncertainty, instability, and unpredictability constitute the nature and main feature of modern globalization processes. Global interdependence is the major factor of global interaction for an efficient solution to joint problems, their prevention, and realization of joint interests, including political, economic, social, and environmental, etc. The fundamental interests of global interaction include the Sustainable Development Goals directed at “building forward better” based on the “leave no one behind” principle defined in the UN Sustainable Development Summit Resolution “Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development” and the implementation of the Paris Climate Accords and European Green Deal. The globalization factors are identified following the methodology of KOF Globalization Index calculation on the national level: by globalization types – de-facto and de-jure; by the kind of globalization – economic, social, political; by the sub-kind of globalization – trade-based, finance-based, interpersonal, informational, cultural. The following issues are determined based on the content analysis of analytical, scientific, and legal sources and governance practices in the socio-economic development: main factors affecting de-facto the economic growth in Ukraine and its regions; external political factors that strengthen the relationship between the national economy and modern globalization processes and foster endogenous development of Ukrainian regions; factors of goal-oriented endogenization of regional development in Ukraine (domestic political, spatial, economic, social, environmental) as prospective drivers of sustainable socio-economic growth in Ukraine.