Development Paradigm Research Articles

From global to national: The role of urban agglomerations in China's new development paradigm.

Urban agglomerations (UAs), which serve as pivotal hubs for economic and innovative convergence, play a crucial role in enhancing internal circulation and strengthening external linkages. This study utilizes the China city-level multi-regional input-output tables, incorporating the Dagum Gini coefficient and kernel density estimation methods, to perform a thorough quantitative analysis. Disparities within the national and global value chains ("dual value chains") of Chinese UAs from 2012 to 2017 were assessed. Additionally, the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method was applied to disaggregate the drivers of both national and global intermediate inputs (NII and GII). The study's key findings include the following: (1) The national value chain (NVC) within UAs exhibits robust growth, contrasting with the decline in the global value chain (GVC). (2) The inter-UA disparity contribution rate significantly surpasses the combined rates of intra-UA contribution and super-variation density. (3) Distinct evolutionary peak trends are discerned among various UAs within the "dual value chains", highlighting diverse spatial polarization characteristics and expansiveness. (4) The growth of the NVC has transitioned from a negative to a positive impact on NII, while the decline in GVC has substantially counteracted GII growth. Economic and demographic factors notably drive positive improvements in both NII and GII, whereas the efficiency of outflows presents a negative driving effect. Based on these findings, this study offers strategic recommendations to facilitate the effective integration of UAs into the new development paradigm, thereby providing a scientific basis for related decision-making processes.

A self‐reinforced activatable photosensitizer prodrug enabling synergistic photodynamic and chemotherapy

AbstractAs a novel drug development paradigm, selective activation of prodrugs provides the potential for precise tumor chemotherapy, thereby presenting an opportunity for advancing cancer treatment. The combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and prodrug can enhance the therapeutic efficacy while simultaneously enabling real‐time monitoring of drug distribution and release. However, the tumor hypoxia microenvironment and the frequent high‐dose administration of prodrugs significantly impede therapeutic efficacy and escalate treatment‐related risks. Herein, a tumor microenvironment‐specific release prodrug is constructed, termed NBS‐2S‐5FU. Under the influence of glutathione (GSH), NBS‐2S‐5FU undergoes activation, leading to the release of photosensitizer NBS and chemotherapeutic agent 5‐FU derivatives. Under irradiation, NBS produces sufficient superoxide radical () while 5‐FU derivatives inhibit DNA biosynthesis, thereby effectively suppressing tumor growth at low doses. Subsequent in vivo studies utilizing NBS‐2S‐5FU liposomes exhibit outstanding anti‐cancer effectiveness. This study highlights a promising direction for advancing combined prodrugs that integrate PDT and chemotherapy.

Political Economy of STI in China: Analyzing Official Discourse on Science, Technology and Innovation-Driven Development in the Contemporary China

Science, technology, and Innovation (STI) have been the cornerstone of China’s Reform and Opening-up processes. Employing a hybrid methodology, including textual analysis, this paper asserts that four decades of reform and opening-up have witnessed STI’s pivotal role across sectors despite numerous challengesб such as economic slowdown, growing disparities, environmental issues, and a huge burden on the state-owned enterprises. China’s substantial investments in the Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies, including Artificial Intelligence and New Energy Vehicles, exemplify its commitment to innovation, reflected in over 2.5% of GDP allocated for research and development in 2022. This robust investment has bolstered China’s innovative capabilities and brought about its high ranking on the Global Innovation Index. In Chinese STI politics and policy-making, the programs like MLP-2006, SEI-2010 and Made in China 2025 have created a watershed moment. Three central research questions guide our exploration: the trajectory of policy framing on STI-Driven development, the theoretical underpinnings of Innovation-Driven Development and Green Development in Chinese STI politics, and the significance of these paradigms in China’s context. This paper also hypothesizes the emergence of two distinct trajectories within China’s STI politics through the adoption of Innovation-Driven Development and Green Development, positioning STI at the core of China’s development paradigm. The study thoroughly dissects China’s official discourse, framing these paradigms within the Sustainable Development context and highlighting their crucial roles in China’s journey toward technological advancement and sustainability. The analysis of the evolution of China’s STI policy as portrayed in official discourse offers insights into the strategic role played by science, technology, and Innovation in moulding China’s socio-economic trajectory alongside global implications stemming from its transformative development agenda.

Puzzle Pattern, a Systematic Approach to Multiple Behavioral Inheritance Implementation in Object-Oriented Programming

Object-oriented programming (OOP) has long been a dominant paradigm in software development, but it is not without its challenges. One major issue is the problem of tight coupling between objects, which can hinder flexibility and make it difficult to modify or extend code. Additionally, the complexity of managing inheritance hierarchies can lead to rigid and fragile designs, making it hard to maintain and evolve the software over time. This paper introduces a software development pattern that seeks to offer a renewed approach to writing code in object-oriented (OO) environments. Addressing some of the limitations of the traditional approach, the Puzzle Pattern focuses on extreme modularity, favoring writing code exclusively in building blocks that do not possess a state (e.g., Java interfaces that support concrete methods definitions in interfaces starting from version 8). Concrete classes are subsequently assembled through the implementation of those interfaces, reducing coupling and introducing a new level of flexibility and adaptability in software construction. The highlighted pattern offers significant benefits in software development, promoting extreme modularity through interface-based coding, enhancing adaptability via multiple inheritance, and upholding the SOLID principles, though it may pose challenges such as complexity and a learning curve for teams.

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO STIMULATING INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY

The article clarifies the principles of innovation management, taking into account participatory management as a new approach to project management. Based on an assessment of the current state and trends in the country's socio-economic development in the conditions of an innovative economy, a conceptual model for the formation and assessment of socio-economic development priorities has been developed. The conceptual provisions of the new paradigm of socio-economic development are revealed and justified. A set of theoretical provisions and practical tools for assessing the impact of innovative projects has been developed. The criticality of stakeholders in the management of innovation activities has been determined and assessed. A methodology and methods have been developed for integrating the management of innovation activities into the management system. A method is proposed for taking into account the influence of mutual risks and assessing changes in the cost part of the project taking into account risks based on determining the factors of interaction of innovative projects.

Exploring Digital Biomarkers for Depression Using Mobile Technology

Introduction & BackgroundWith the advent of ubiquitous sensors and mobile technologies, wearables and smartphones offer a cost-effective means for monitoring mental health conditions, particularly depression. These devices enable the continuous collection of behavioral data, providing novel insights into the daily manifestations of depressive symptoms. Objectives & ApproachThe present study summarizes findings from our five recent investigations that explored the relationships between depression severity and digital biomarkers captured by wearables and smartphones. These studies analyzed data from RADAR-MDD, a multinational mobile health program, involving 623 participants and tracked for up to two years. Participants' depression severity was measured biweekly using the PHQ-8 questionnaire conducted via smartphones. Concurrently, participants’ Fitbit and smartphone data were also collected. Given the longitudinal nature and repeated measurements for each participant, multilevel modeling techniques were employed to analyze the data. Relevance to Digital FootprintsOur approach involved extracting features from passive data that reflect various aspects of daily behavior—such as sleep quality, social interaction, physical activity, and walking patterns—akin to digital footprints. ResultsWe found several significant links between depression severity and various behavioral biomarkers: elevated depression levels were associated with diminished sleep quality (assessed through Fitbit metrics), reduced sociability (approximated by Bluetooth), decreased levels of physical activity (quantified by step counts and GPS data), a slower cadence of daily walking (captured by smartphone accelerometers), and disturbances in circadian rhythms (analyzed across various data streams). Conclusions & ImplicationsLeveraging digital biomarkers for assessing and continuously monitoring depression introduces a new paradigm in early detection and development of customized intervention strategies. Findings from these studies not only enhance our comprehension of depression in real-world settings but also underscore the potential of mobile technologies in the prevention and management of mental health issues.

Progressive Web Apps in Cross-Platform Development: A Comparative Analysis and Evaluation

The evolution of app development methodologies has been significant, yet the discussion around cross-platform development remains pertinent. Apps must seamlessly function on both Android and iOS devices, accommodating diverse hardware configurations and platform versions. The proliferation of device categories beyond smartphones and tablets adds further complexity to achieving multi-platform compatibility. Despite the presence of multi-platform frameworks supported by both practical application and research, the challenge of efficiently developing apps for various targets persists. Progressive Web Apps (PWAs) potentially offer a solution to this ongoing quest for unifying technology. This paper aims to evaluate the role of PWAs in multi-platform development, exploring their foundational aspects and assessing the current landscape of possibilities. The evaluation includes a comparative analysis conducted in two phases. In the first phase, the different application development paradigms are analyzed with their advantages and disadvantages. In the second phase, the PWAs are compared to native and cross-hybrid apps based on launch time, installation size, and Largest Contentful Paint (LCP), with PWAs outperforming in all three metrics. By examining these aspects, the paper seeks to provide a complete understanding of PWAs' potential in cross-platform development. Key Words: Progressive Web Apps, Cross-Platform Development, App Development, Web Application, Multi-Platform Compatibility, Frameworks, Comparative Analysis, Performance Evaluation, Technology Unification, Mobile Devices, Android, iOS

How does digital transformation affect the total factor productivity of China's A-share listed enterprises in the mineral resource-based sector?

In light of the escalating constraints on resources and the complexities of sustainable development, the conventional extensive production approaches employed by mineral resource-based enterprises are ill-suited to fulfill the demands for efficient and eco-friendly operations. Such circumstances call for the adoption of novel development paradigms that promote sustainable practices. Particularly, the digital transformation has become a pivotal pathway towards the realization of high-quality development within the context of the ongoing technological revolution and the shift in economic frameworks. Based on the comprehensive dataset of the annual reports and input-output data of Chinese A-share listed enterprises between 2009 and 2021, this study seeks to examine the net impact and potential channels through which digital transformation affects the total factor productivity of these specific enterprises. The empirical results confirm the promoting effect of digital transformation on enterprises' total factor productivity. This highlight persists valid after a series of thorough robustness checks. Notably, this beneficial role can be achieved by the enhancement of corporate capabilities, the mitigation of financial constraints, and the improvement of economic advantages. And the heterogeneity in this promoting effect is evident across enterprises with different characteristics. The positive moderating influence of government competitions in this context is a factor that warrants consideration. Thereby, the research highlights not only furnish a rigorous scientific foundation and direction guide for the strategic formulation of mineral resource-based enterprises, but also proffer critical insights for policymakers to accelerate the modernization endeavor of resource-based cities as well as entire regional domains.

A Top-Down Design Approach for Generating a Peptide PROTAC Drug Targeting Androgen Receptor for Androgenetic Alopecia Therapy.

While large-scale artificial intelligence (AI) models for protein structure prediction and design are advancing rapidly, the translation of deep learning models for practical macromolecular drug development remains limited. This investigation aims to bridge this gap by combining cutting-edge methodologies to create a novel peptide-based PROTAC drug development paradigm. Using ProteinMPNN and RFdiffusion, we identified binding peptides for androgen receptor (AR) and Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL), followed by computational modeling with Alphafold2-multimer and ZDOCK to predict spatial interrelationships. Experimental validation confirmed the designed peptide's binding ability to AR and VHL. Transdermal microneedle patching technology was seamlessly integrated for the peptide PROTAC drug delivery in androgenic alopecia treatment. In summary, our approach provides a generic method for generating peptide PROTACs and offers a practical application for designing potential therapeutic drugs for androgenetic alopecia. This showcases the potential of interdisciplinary approaches in advancing drug development and personalized medicine.

Carbon Neutralization in Sustainable Port and Shipping

Amid the global concerted efforts towards achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality as swiftly as possible, the port and shipping industry is adopting novel paradigms of development [...]

BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH DEVELOPMENTS IN THE FIELD OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

The development of science which is essentially towards the process of improvement will continue throughout the human thought process. This also occurs in the paradigm of public administration development so that it attracts the attention of researchers to analyze the development of public administration research. In this study using bibliometric analysis to describe the results of journal publications with data search tools using Publish or Perish produced 996 meta data and analysis tools using Microsoft Excel, and VosViewer to visualize meta data. The results showed that from 996 meta data with the keyword "paradigm of public administration development" obtained a publication range from 1995-2024, with the most documents being the type of book file published on books. google.com with a total of 83 book titles and the highest publication development trend occurred in 2020 with 129 publications while the results of network mapping using VosViewer obtained 4 authors, namely Ismail, I; Sos, S; Irawan B; Larasati, E. which is the most productive author in the field of public administration development paradigms. The research development map using VosViewer is grouped into 5 clusters. Fluctuating research shows that the paradigm of public administration development is a research topic that attracts researchers to write, study, and analyze the topic of the paradigm of public administration development so that the implications of this research are to help other researchers to further study the development of the paradigm of public administration and be associated with the latest phenomena.

India–ASEAN Economic Relations and North-east India: Act East Policy as a New Paradigm

The article delves into three aspects: (a) India–ASEAN economic relationship since the last three decades of Look East Policy (LEP), (b) the achievements of North-east India (NEI) under LEP and Act East Policy (AEP) and (c) adding a note on AEP as a new ‘development paradigm’ in NEI. The study finds that the India–ASEAN economic relationship deepened in the post-LEP period as merchandise trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows increased manifold. However, neither LEP nor AEP made any significant impact on NEI in terms of economic growth, exports and FDI inflows. Economic growth stagnated and even decelerated in some states in NEI, while exports and FDI inflows remained abysmally low. LEP was a failed policy instrument for NEI despite many claims and assumptions. The major reason was infrastructure deficits and poor connectivity in the region for a prolonged period. AEP has emerged as a new ‘development paradigm’ with renewed thrust on infrastructure buildup and connectivity constructions. The ongoing and completed connectivity projects in rail, road, air and water, improvement in power and telecom, multimodal logistic park in Assam and improvement of trade infrastructure in NEI under AEP would attract investment from both domestic foreign sources, enhance productive capacity, increase exports and accelerate economic growth. AEP is expected to open new possibilities for trade and investments in NEI through regional economic integration with South Asian and South-east Asian economies given geographical location, ethno-cultural proximity, historical linkages and resource endowments.

Foreign Direct Investment and Provincial National and Global Dual Value Chain Embedding——The Theoretical and Empirical Analysis under the New Development Paradigm

Foreign Direct Investment and Provincial National and Global Dual Value Chain Embedding——The Theoretical and Empirical Analysis under the New Development Paradigm

Coherence of socio-cultural processes in the Eurasian space

The study of the evolution of the Eurasian socio-cultural space allows us to reflect the positive and negative aspects and features of the transformation of socio-culture. The aim of the study is to analyze the influence of coherence on the evolution of the Eurasian socio-cultural space, to identify models of sociocultural variability in the context of globalization. The synthesis of a systemic and socio-cultural approach makes it possible to explore the trends of socio-cultural transformation more deeply. It is shown that in the process of evolution of the socio-cultural space of Eurasia, multidirectional lines of development are formed. The socio-cultural system is losing its stability, which leads to disintegration, the formation of new structures that initiate instability and conflict. The emerging models of socioculture reflect the multidirectional trends of integration and differentiation, fixing the problem of preserving local socio cultural originality and identity, maintaining traditional socio-cultural standards. Coherence acts as a system of communication and dialogue of sociocultures, actualizing the perception and recognition of values, interaction, and integration of subcultures. Structures are being developed that are more resistant to innovations and more actively adapt to new conditions. In the process of interaction, a socio-cultural environment is crystallized with a pronounced dominance of the innovative layer in socioculture, rejection of traditions. On the other hand, the need to preserve traditional culture and sociality is determined in local communities. In conditions of modification of the socio-cultural environment, the principle of coherence contributes to the definition of culture and sociality as a local integrated experience, transformed from generation to generation. Coherence serves as a kind of basis for the concept of fixing, integrating historical, traditional, functional, information relations, communications, contributing to the adoption and institution of innovations in conjunction with traditional values. The emerging models of the socio-cultural space reflect the processes of transformation of the life system and lifestyle of local communities, determining the transition from the paradigm of sustainable traditional development to the paradigm of innovative transformations, while preserving traditional values to the utmost.

Experience on Utilization of Novel Modeling & Simulation Approaches in Generic Product Development

Modeling and simulation approaches such as Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) and Physiologically Based Biopharmaceutics Modeling (PBBM) are gaining importance due to their impact to transform drug development paradigm. Development of such modeling approaches include integration of drug substance, drug product and physiological aspects followed by validation against clinical data. In this manuscript, we have highlighted utility of PBPK and PBBM in generic product development using case examples. An application where PBBM was utilized to obtain biowaivers and dissolution safe space was portrayed. Utility of such modeling approaches in obtaining fed bioequivalence studies was discussed with case example. Impact of gender evaluation on bioequivalence study outcome using PBPK approach was highlighted with a case example. Evaluation of safety aspects of extended release formulation with help of modeling approach was discussed with practical example. In the last case study, understanding the impact of critical bioavailability attributes with help of PBBM was indicated. Further, future direction in terms of sharing best practices across academia, industry and regulatory was highlighted. Overall, this manuscript summarizes experience on utilization of modeling and simulation approaches in generic product development with an aim to have more affordable and quality medicines to the patients.

Combining Export- and Domestic Demand-Led Growth Hypotheses: Key Sustainable Development Amidst Global Dynamics

Export-led growth has conventionally been regarded as a pivotal determinant of economic growth in developing countries. The article aims to affirm the vulnerability of Vietnam’s export sector due to its dependence on foreign direct investment flows and external market demand and evaluate the validity of the export-led growth strategy being applied in Vietnam among evolving global dynamics. The review of relevant literature explored the theoretical foundations, theories, and concepts of export-led and domestic demand-led growth with regard to the causal link between exports and economic growth. Qualitative and secondary research methods were used to analyze statistical data sets on imports and exports and domestic demand components to highlight their impact on the country’s GDP growth. The results showed that it is necessary to embrace both export-led growth and domestic demand-led growth as concurrent development paradigms, thereby ensuring the sustainability of Vietnam’s economic growth. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2024-05-02-05 Full Text: PDF

BORDERS AT THE MARGINS: LIVED EXPERIENCES AND GOVERNANCE CHALLENGES OF BORDER COMMUNITIES IN JAMMU AND KASHMIR

This study re-envisions border studies by focussing on the lived experiences of communities in Jammu and Kashmir’s border regions, where borders transcend mere geopolitical lines and become vibrant socio-cultural landscapes. This research paper highlights the complex issues these communities face, such as security threats, economic exclusion, and restricted access to essential services like education and healthcare. These challenges are intensified by the region’s geographic isolation, intermittent military conflicts, and political volatility, which create an environment marked by instability and vulnerability. By examining historical conflicts, systemic neglect, and geopolitical tensions, the study reveals how these factors compound the hardships of border populations. Furthermore, this paper evaluates the effects of leadership measures, such as construction projects, health, schooling, and living characteristics in enhancing conditions in such deprived regions. Consequently, the analysis presented in the research contributes to the existing body of knowledge on effective and efficient policy implementation and governance in borderland regions, while questioning the dominant paradigms of development. Thus, this work contributes to the existing literature on border studies by providing a systematic understanding of borders, community resilience, and governance in their complex interrelationships.

Harnessing Dialogue as a Social Technology for Systems Change in Development Institutions

Across global development discourse and practice can be seen a growing a recognition that deep transformation of social, economic and ecological systems cannot be achieved through new policies, data or technology alone. The capabilities needed for 21st century leadership and governance relate to the ability to create new conditions, relationships and pathways for social and moral imagination to flourish. Drawing from an in-depth case study of several interlinked initiatives of the United Nations Development Programme to build such capabilities among development practitioners, this conceptual paper elaborates the continued need for, and pathways and barriers to institutionalizing, more dialogic- and process-based approaches to systems transformation in mainstream development processes. It posits that a reconceptualization of dialogue within multilateral and government-led systems transformation frameworks in particular can help valorize the seeds of development impact that reside in the sites where culture, relationships and shared consciousness are built. Further learning is needed, however, to understand and address barriers that lie in normative perceptions, organizational culture, and accountability frameworks of these institutions, which impede the rhetorical interest in inclusive and transformative dialogue from translating to more process- and relationship-centric ways of working. As a contribution to this learning, the paper considers how conceptual frames that give weight and visibility to the role of social containers in systems change processes, with dialogue as a core technology for container-building, canhelp advance more transformative development paradigms and praxis that tend to the reciprocal relationships between inner change and societal change.

From land to water: “Sunken” T-maze for associated learning in cichlid fish

The study introduced and evaluated learning paradigms for Maylandia callainos cichlids using a modified version of the rodent T-maze, filled with tank water (the "sunken" modification). Both male and female fish underwent training in two distinct conditioning paradigms. Firstly, simple operant conditioning involved placing a food reward in either the right or left compartment. Cichlids demonstrated the ability to purposefully find the bait within 6 days of training, with a persistent place preference lasting up to 6 days. Additionally, the learning dynamics varied with sex: female cichlids exhibited reduction in latency to visit the target compartment and consume the bait, along with a decrease in the number of errors 3 and 4 days earlier than males, respectively. Secondly, visually-cued operant conditioning was conducted, with a food reward exclusively placed in the yellow compartment, randomly positioned on the left or right side of the maze during each training session. Visual learning persisted for 10 days until reaction time improvement plateaued. Color preference disappeared after 4 consecutive check-ups, with no sex-related interference. For further validation of visually-cued operant conditioning paradigm, drugs MK-801 (dizocilpine) and caffeine, known to affect performance in learning tasks, were administered intraperitoneally. Chronic MK-801 (0.17 mg/kg) impaired maze learning, resulting in no color preference development. Conversely, caffeine administration enhanced test performance, increasing precision in fish. This developed paradigm offers a viable approach for studying learning and memory and presents an effective alternative to rodent-based drug screening tools, exhibiting good face and predictive validity.

Greening as a Development Paradigm for the Sphere of Modern Agricultural Reclamation

Greening as a Development Paradigm for the Sphere of Modern Agricultural Reclamation