Development Of Waste Management System Research Articles

Identifying Priorities for the Development of Waste Management Systems in ASEAN Cities

One of the largest issues facing countries, particularly emerging nations with high population, production, and consumption growth, is an inadequate waste management system (WMS). This paper analyzes the development of the waste management systems of nine capital cities in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region by using a recently developed approach, the Waste Management System–Development Stage Concept. This concept comprises five development stages and various components, including Collection and Transport, Waste Disposal, Energy Recovery, Waste Recycling, and Waste Prevention and Reuse. The findings indicate that in terms of waste collection, waste disposal, and energy recovery, Singapore is at a higher development stage (Stage 5) and is more advanced than other ASEAN cities. For most of the components, Bangkok, Jakarta, Kuala Lumpur, and Manila fall into stages 2 to 4, whereas the early development stages 1 to 3 are present in Bandar Seri Begawan, Hanoi, Phnom Penh, and Vientiane. The results will be used to determine the next steps in developing the WMSs, including the introduction of separate collection for recycling or the installation of a waste-to-energy plant. The environmental impact of each measure will be later assessed using the LCA approach, and the most effective measures shall be identified in future studies.

Technical and technological capacity of waste disposal in the regions of Ukraine

Active processing – incineration and utilization (mechanical and biological treatment), along with passive storage of inert residues in specially designated areas, are the most commonly used waste management techniques in Ukraine. According to European standards, these technologies carry environmental risks to some extent and do not belong to full-fledged recycling. Significant amounts of accumulated and generated waste determine the regional economic capacity that can be used for the introduction of recycling technologies. The article aims to conduct a feasibility study on waste processing in Ukraine, given the regional capacity for the development of recycling technologies. To reach this goal, the following tasks were solved: to analyze the existing technologies for processing household and similar waste and to carry out their economic evaluation; identify areas for innovative development of regional waste management systems in the near future. The analysis of technologies of household and similar waste processing existing in Ukraine is carried out. The article emphasizes that there are a number of problems with their functionality. Emphasis is placed on the availability of powerful raw materials for recycling. The following main problems of waste disposal sites are outlined: lack of their certification due to non-compliance with current standards and continued accumulation of waste despite the exhaustion of service life; voluntary decisions to close technogenic risk landfills; finding alternative ways of waste management. A comparative ecological and economic assessment of waste processing technologies is carried out. The use of innovative technologies of waste incineration through reconstruction and equipping of processing plants with modern combustion and filtration systems of exhaust gases to minimize environmental risks is relevant for the development of waste management systems.

ANALYSIS OF THE CORRESPONDENCE OF THE ROAD NETWORK OF THE OPISHNIAN TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY TO THE DEVELOPMENT TENDENCIES OF THE WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN THE REGION

Planning of effective waste management systems at the level of territorial communities is an important practical task that ensures the implementation of the overall regional concept of the development of the regional waste management system. This process is based, first of all, on the study of the scientific and practical foundations of forecasting trends in the development of waste management systems, and especially their logistical component, taking into account the specifics of regional factors. Thus, there is a need to conduct an analysis of the technical-logistic component of the waste management system of individual territorial communities and its development prospects as a component of the regional waste management system of the Poltava region within the framework of solving the current scientific and practical task of ensuring the effectiveness of the implementation of the regional waste management system. Methodology. When studying the structure and technological parameters of the elements of the road network included in the project routes of solid waste transportation, the methods of system and factor analysis were used. Results. It has been established that the road network of Opishnyan TРЎ is simultaneously an element of the logistics structure of the waste management system at the local and regional level and is involved in all stages of solid waste transportation during various periods of implementation of the Regional Waste Management Plan of the Poltava Region. All categories of roads are involved in the transport schemes. The roads of the fourth category and some roads of the 5th category are the most heavily loaded. Most roads of categories T, O, C are in unsatisfactory condition and need urgent repair. The capacity of the existing road network, if it is maintained in a satisfactory condition, provides the possibility of movement along the specified routes of both collection and transport garbage trucks. The maximum permissible speed of movement according to the parameter of categorization on all roads of the region corresponds to the technical parameters and design modes of movement of specialized transport. Originality. The technological possibilities, main problems and directions of improvement of the road network of Opishnyan TРЎ as a separate object of logistics planning and a structural component of the waste management system at the local and regional levels have been determined. Practical value. The technological possibilities, main problems and directions of improvement of the road network of Opishnyan TРЎ as a separate object of logistics planning and a structural component of the waste management system at the local and regional levels have been determined.

Approach to assess the performance of waste management systems towards a circular economy: waste management system development stage concept (WMS-DSC)

In this paper a novel holistic approach to assess the performance of waste management systems (WMSs) is presented. The so called WMS development stage concept (WMS-DSC) can be used by practitioners or decision makers to assess primarily the WMS at the municipal level. The WMS categorization into development stages notably enables a clear identification of symptoms, the causes of possible waste mismanagement and potential measures for improvement. The concept can be used to (i) assess the status quo of a WMS and, based on this, identify possible measures for implementation; (ii) check whether relevant system conditions to implement a specific measure are met; (iii) monitor the progress of a WMS; and (iv) compare the WMSs of different cities. The concept consists of five development stages: stage 1 – absence or lack of essential elements of waste management; stage 2 – reliable collection and improved landfill sites; stage 3 – separate collection and sorting; stage 4 – expansion of the recycling industry; and stage 5 – circular economy (CE), waste as a resource. While stage 1 describes the absence of or a very immature and malfunctioning WMS, stage 5 stands for a fully implemented CE. By equating the highest stage to the objectives that have evolved today globally for a sustainable CE, this concept can be used to identify targets and the most suitable steps for an individual WMS towards a future best practice of CE.•A holistic approach to assess waste management systems’ performance is presented.•A benchmarking tool to estimate the circular economy (CE) evolvement in cities.•Usable for cities both in the Global North and South to identify CE potentials.

Optimal economic planning for the development of waste management system by a superstructural model

In this paper, a model of integrated waste management system was presented that evaluates the possibility of energy supply by the system and offers sustainable plans for expansion and development of the system in the long-time horizon. Initially, the system superstructure was represented, which includes waste-to-energy (WtE) processes with electricity product and waste-to-material (WtM) processes with products of recycled material and compost, and does not include the transportation sector. The mixed and source-segregated municipal solid waste, which is collected from city area, can be considered as feedstock in superstructure. Then, an optimization model of mixed integer nonlinear programming was formulated based on the superstructure. In addition to optimally determining the strategic process and feedstock allocation, this model plans product production and capacity expansion. The ability of model was tested through a case study of future Tehran metropolis.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВОЗМОЖНОСТЕЙ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ И ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ RDF-ТОПЛИВА

The issues of sustainable development of waste management systems are actively discussed throughout the world both at the level of government agencies and at the lev-el of the scientific and expert community. One of the ways to improve the existing practice of waste management in Russia is the search for ways to involve them in eco-nomic circulation as secondary material and energy resources. The article shows the fea-sibility of using solid municipal and industrial waste for the production of alternative fuels.

Territorial reserves of innovative development of the waste management systems in Ukraine

AbstractThe article deals with the problem of noncompliance of the utilization capacity potential with the rate of waste generation, which entails environmental risks and potential economic losses due to insufficient recycling. The paper suggests the coefficient of the territorial balance of waste processing for the regions of Ukraine and provides relevant calculations. It allows to integrally assess the existing regional disparities between waste generation and disposal and determine priority regions for the construction of recycling facilities. The analysis of quantitative and qualitative parameters of the national waste management system was carried out, and the main problems of its development were identified. The ecological and economic assessment of the innovativeness of waste‐processing technologies is given, and the prospects of using the autoclave method of waste sterilization in Ukraine are determined. The paper outlines the method of determining the coordinates of a recycling enterprise's location in the region, taking into account the limits of the center of gravity of material flows, which in combination with autoclave technology secures innovative development of waste management system using territorial reserves.

Организационно-экономические и правовые проблемы эффективного внедрения механизма расширенной ответственности производителя в сфере обращения с отходами

Objective: to systematize the main problems of implementing producer’s extended responsibility in the field of waste management and to propose ways to solve them. Methods: when writing the article, we used philosophical and general scientific methods of abstraction, analysis, synthesis, and system approach. Results: producer’s extended responsibility has proven to be an effective tool that affects the development of waste management systems. Since 2015, it has been successfully applied in Russia. The article discusses the concept of producer’s extended responsibility (PER), the principles of its implementation, and its application abroad. The main stages of PER system formation in Russia are determined, the main provisions of the normative acts regulating PER are analyzed, the opportunities and constraints to implement the Strategy of Ecological Safety of the Russian Federation up to 2025 are identified. It is shown that the current practice of PER fulfillment, namely, ecological fee collection and transfer of funds to the state municipal processor, actually nullifies all attempts to modernize the system for processing industrial waste and, moreover, creates prerequisites for increasing transaction costs of enterprises and the population. Scientific novelty: the first results of the introduction of goods producers and importers’ extended responsibility for the waste generated in the Russian regions are analyzed and conclusions are drawn about the causes of problems with its implementation. It is stated that the original goals of Strategy adopted in 2015 should be returned. Practical significance: the research results can become the basis for further studies of the economic efficiency of waste processing and improving the environmental strategy of the government.

CLUSTER ANALYSIS OF THE UKRAINE REGIONS ON THE LEVEL OF WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

The cluster analysis of the regions of Ukraine by economic, environmental and social indicators characterizing regional economic development and development of the waste management system is carried out in the paper. Three groups of regions characterized by similar features are identified. The average values of the studied indicators by separate clusters are determined. It was established, for example, that the regions from the first cluster are characterized by a low level of the waste management system development, in the regions from the second group modern technologies of waste management is more actively introducing in comparison with other regions. Discriminant analysis was conducted. The results of the analysis show that regions are differentiated mostly by five indicators: average tariff for waste management for the population, financing of waste management system, area of landfills and damps, amount of waste collection per capita, the rate of waste recycling sector development. The developed model determines the distribution of regions into groups with an accuracy of 100% at the significance level p <0.005. Classification discriminatory functions were obtained for groups of regions. The indicators influenced the distribution of regions into clusters are established. The results of the analysis highlight the irregularity of regional waste management systems development. The cluster approach allows classifying regions of Ukraine according to complex of indicators. Differentiated strategies for improving the waste management system at regional level as well as comprehensive ratings of the regional waste management systems development could be developed on the basis of such analysis. Keywords: municipal solid waste, regional development, waste management system, cluster analysis, discriminant analysis.

Circular Economy in Russia: Drivers and Barriers for Waste Management Development

Russia is just starting to become a circular and green economy. The development of an efficient national waste management system is a prerequisite for the circular economy (CE). Russian companies are already moving toward adopting more circular business models because it is proven to be a sound business strategy. This strategy facilitates access to new markets, drives innovative solutions, and saves production costs. This paper presents a general understanding of the CE concept. Using practical examples, we show how the Russian government and other stakeholders are providing solutions to advance the development of the waste management system. The paper demonstrates political, legal, and institutional changes implemented through waste management practices and reforms. We introduce four stages of evolution of waste management in Russia and discuss the changing roles of stakeholders in a waste management ecosystem. We conduct a case study of the best available techniques of waste management in leading Russian companies to identify the roles existing in waste management systems (WMS), to allocate responsibilities of each role, and to describe three types of corporate strategies of waste management. The paper is based on the analysis of official public documents and official reports of leading Russian companies.

Theoretical and Numerical Modeling of Turbulent Flow Problems in an Anaerobic Digester of Household Waste in Morocco

Anaerobic digestion can play a strategic role in the development of waste management systems, since it is capable of treating almost all the biodegradable fractions and generally the majority of agricultural residues, animal waste, and household waste, waste from urban and industrial centers. Methanisation is a complex biochemical process carried out in the absence of oxygen and involving different microbial communities in the degradation and conversion of polymers of organic matter into reduced end products, including high-energy biogas. We present a mathematical modeling of the turbulent flow of fluids based on the model of K-epsilon. Thus, the numerical methods that we have chosen to solve the equations of our problem are based on the finite volume method and the Gauss-Seidel method. Our study is very important, since gathered between several physical, chemical and biological domains to determine the different factors that influence the biological degradation. This study allows us to know the advantage of the mechanical agitation on the time of stays of the waste and the increase of yield of digesters and subsequently the production of biogas.

Common and Distinctive in Municipal Solid Waste Management in Baltic States

The importance of the waste recovery issue is emphasized by the concept of circular economy being introduced into a political agenda. New policies offer stricter requirements for recovery of waste materials. This paper discusses contribution of the policy instruments and technological aspects in promoting waste recovery. To assess the impact of different factors, the analysis of experience of waste management system development in the Baltic States: Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia for the period 2004 to 2014 has been made. The study assessed impact of landfill tax on landfill disposal. Separate collection – recycling ratio of biodegradable waste was analysed. Analysis of the mutual effect of various waste treatment solutions and their potential in reaching recovery objectives is conducted. Key conclusions of the study indicate that landfill tax is a desirable but not compulsory tool to divert waste from landfill. The use of a source separation system for recyclables is an essential condition to increase of recycled waste volumes. Availability of waste incineration capacities is the main driver for landfill diversion, but there are concerns, that incineration treatment availability could diminish application of recycling.

Solid Waste Generation Rate and Characterization Study for Laga Tafo Laga Dadi Town, Oromia, Ethiopia

Knowledge of the quantities and composition of the municipal solid waste is fundamental for the planning and development of waste management systems for cities. The objective of this study was to determine the composition and generation rate of household, commercial firms, government institutions and health care facilities solid waste in Laga Tafo Laga Dadi town, Oromia, Ethiopia. Representative Samples were randomly selected from all studied units for the solid waste generation rate per capita and composition determination. Formal survey using structured questionnaire was conducted to gather data on socio-economic condition and current waste management practices of the inhabitants. The per capita daily solid waste generation for household range 0.43 -0.46 kg and hotels, other business sectors and institutions were found to be 1.81, 1.57, and 0.41% kg/capita/day, respectively. The per capita daily solid waste generation in health facilities was found to be 9.61 kg/fac/day. The survey indicated that the household solid waste is composed of organic biodegradable 76% (food 62%) and ash 5% of the total weight of the sorted waste. Moreover recyclables constituents of the solid waste shared about 14.75% of the total weight. The Ropack residential village solid waste was composed of 48.66% organic (37.69% food) and bone accounts for 37.69% which equal to food waste. The recyclable and miscellaneous wastes account 13.94% and 2.76%, respectively. The organic waste of hotels accounts 67.45% (48.10% food) and the recyclables waste 2.44%. Likewise the ash was about 11%. Other business entities accounted 81.68% (68.81% food waste), recyclable shared 23.17% and the ash was 2.68% with miscellaneous 3.51%. The study also indicated that 37.72% infectious, 23.68% Sharps and 38.61% non-hazardous constituents of solid waste generated by the health care facilities in the town. From the result of this survey it can be concluded that, biodegradable solid waste constituted a lion share of the solid wastes generated in the town. Thus, the municipality can recover this waste by introducing an integrated urban agriculture that might convert this waste to organic fertilizer through composting.

Forecast of Waste Generation Dynamics in Latvia

Plausible data that illustrates future trends of waste production dynamics is essential for waste management system development. Optimal decisions regarding technological solutions for waste management or policy instrument application can be made if correct figures regarding the amounts of waste produced are available. This paper presents a study on the elaboration of estimations of municipal waste generation. The study covers the elaboration of a research algorithm, analysis of characteristics of factors that influence dynamics of waste amounts produced, and the elaboration and analysis of potential scenarios. As a result of this research, a prognosis of the waste amounts to be generated in for Latvia for the 2015 – 2020 period is elaborated.

Providing Stability of Municipal Waste Landfill’s for their Construction Development

The perspective direction of solid municipal waste management system development is the recovery that involves the raw products into the product and raw material cycle. The mentioned direction requires the existing waste landfills reconstruction into the waste recycling complexes with the additional structures construction. The free areas lack limits the reconstruction possibilities and determines the necessary construction location only on the surface of solid municipal waste landfill body. Thus it is necessary to take into account the landfill ground characteristics as the potential basis for the construction and business activity. In the present paper the method of geo-ecological evaluation of derelict lands is suggested taking into account ecological assessment of their influence on the geo-environment and the landfill bodies structural behavior. The research materials of the structural behavior of landfill bodies as the technogenic engineering and geological elements are presented.

Waste Characterisation and Recoverable Energy Potential Using Waste Generated in a Model Community in Nigeria

Reclaimable energy generated from waste is a major source of environmentally sustainable energy that is not yet explored in Nigeria. This study therefore, investigated the energy recoverable potential from waste, using waste materials generated in a model community in Nigeria. For the model community of the country, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria was used, because of its existing form of waste management system. Solid waste generated in this model community was characterised into its separate components and this was then subjected to an estimation model by which the recoverable energy potential from the waste was evaluated. For this, method of waste to energy calorific value evaluations were employed for predicting equivalent energy availability from the waste in kWh and in equivalent tonnes of oil. Results obtained from the study show abounding viability of favourable energy potential that could be as high as 8967.13 MJ day -1, equivalent to 2490.87 kWh day -1 or 0.6227 tonnes of oil equivalent per day. These findings bare suggestions of the need for the development of waste management system infused with energy reclamation policy, from waste, for supplementing communal energy needs and annexing other social benefits accruable from such policy implementation. © 2012 Asian Network for Scientific Information.

Energy from waste in Europe: An analysis and comparison of the EU 27

This article focuses on analysing the development of waste-generated energy in the countries of the European Union (EU 27). Besides elaborating the relevant legal and political framework in the waste and energy sector as well as climate protection, the results from correlation analyses based on the databases of the energy statistics from Eurostat are discussed. The share of energy from waste is correlated with macro-economic, waste- and energy-sector-related data, which have been defined as potentially relevant for energy recovery from waste in the countries of the European Union. The results show that a single factor influencing the extent of waste-generated energy could not be isolated as it is being influenced not only by the state of economic development and the state of development of waste management systems in the respective countries but also by energy-sector-related factors and the individual priority settings in those countries. Nevertheless the main driving force for an increase in the utilization of waste for energy generation can be seen in the legal and political framework of the European Union leading to the consequence that market conditions influence the realization of waste management infrastructure for waste-generated energy.

Waste management in the regional level: Example of municipalities Pljevlja and Zabljak

The problem of proper disposal of all types of solid waste and its inadequate treatment is one of the most dominant spatial-ecological problems of modern society, and as such seriously threatens the quality of basic environmental media and public health. The aim is to point out opportunities for sustainable development of Pljevlja and Zabljak Municipalities through the development of waste management system that will control waste generation, educe the impact of waste on the environment, improve resource efficiency, ensure the proper disposal, stimulate investment in public-private sector and maximize the economic opportunities arising from waste. The subject of this paper is to find an effective model of sustainable waste management in the municipalities of Zabljak and Pljevlja, with the main objective of rational use of space, as a limited resource, and reduce overall costs of waste treatment. The studied area that includes the administrative boundaries of these municipalities in the north of Montenegro, among to traffic geographical and functional correlation, present an area that is in the official republic documents (Spatial Rlan of Montenegro until 2020, 2008) recognized as a region in which envisages the construction of regional sanitary landfills and transfer stations network. In this sense, the work will represent the implementation of policies on waste management in Montenegro, in accordance with the recommendations, directives and EU guidelines.

USING OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND SOCIAL MARKETING FOR DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC E-SERVICES IN WASTE MANAGEMENT

The study analyses the environmental services sector in the development of waste management and use of services users, the needs of the holders. The detailed analysis of the present situation in the field of public e-service of waste management is made, together with the research, disclosing public e-service features, which are to be of the biggest importance for the consumers. Based on the survey results and the experience of other EU countries formed a municipal waste management services waste management sector in the provision of a model adapted Lithuania municipal waste management services. According to a waste management system elements of the analysis, the system elements of the interaction analysis and data flow between the elements of analysis, the services of municipal waste management model is divided into three service models: Government to Government, Government to Business”, “Government to Citizens. Generated municipal waste management services waste management sector in the implementation of the model, studied the social impact of the holders of marketing for inclusion in the waste management system development, the inclusion of the population studied and the factors determining the principles of reasoning.

A system optimization model for low-level nuclear waste disposal

The development of waste management systems for the disposal of low-level radioactive waste (LLW) is becoming an increasingly complex problem in decision-making. The complexity is the result of increasing considerations for the protection of water quality and remedial actions for system failures. The process becomes more complex as the points of regulatory compliance are moving closer to the disposal unit instead of the boundary of disposal site. This trend would result in every disposal unit being regulated as a discharge point, similar to the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). The Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR) is in the process of developing a disposal complex for solid LLW. The complex will be a combination of disposal sites, disposal units, and disposal unit technology. Disposal unit technology includes the waste package (waste form and disposal container) and other engineered barriers added to the trench to prevent or control the transfer of radionuclides from the disposal unit into the environment. The combination of waste inventory and engineered barriers is called a waste facility. The waste facility is viewed as confinement systems and is the focal point in waste confinement studies. A disposal strategy has been developed as a framework for segregation of solid LLW according to the isotope and level of contamination in the waste. The objective of this framework is that different waste can be disposed of differently, according to the performance of the disposal site and disposal technology. A system optimization model has been developed as a portfolio of objective functions to provide insights into the implementation of the waste disposal strategy for the ORR complex. The model is aimed at making best use of the developable disposal capacities while providing for regulatory compliance, support operational continuity of the waste generators, and cost-effectiveness. This model is being designed to function as a strategic planning framework for the development of the specialized model system needed to provide the necessary data for decision making. This optimization model can be extended to the management of chemically hazardous and mixed (radioactive and chemically hazardous) waste.