Abstract
Russia is just starting to become a circular and green economy. The development of an efficient national waste management system is a prerequisite for the circular economy (CE). Russian companies are already moving toward adopting more circular business models because it is proven to be a sound business strategy. This strategy facilitates access to new markets, drives innovative solutions, and saves production costs. This paper presents a general understanding of the CE concept. Using practical examples, we show how the Russian government and other stakeholders are providing solutions to advance the development of the waste management system. The paper demonstrates political, legal, and institutional changes implemented through waste management practices and reforms. We introduce four stages of evolution of waste management in Russia and discuss the changing roles of stakeholders in a waste management ecosystem. We conduct a case study of the best available techniques of waste management in leading Russian companies to identify the roles existing in waste management systems (WMS), to allocate responsibilities of each role, and to describe three types of corporate strategies of waste management. The paper is based on the analysis of official public documents and official reports of leading Russian companies.
Highlights
In the era of neo-industrialization, sustainable development requires balanced and simultaneous consideration of the economic, environmental, technological, and social aspects of a considered economy, its sector, or individual manufacturing process
The traditions of waste collection and processing rooted in the Soviet practices are rather strong in Russia in both industry and household practices, the crisis of the 1990s disrupted the technologies and the culture of waste collection and processing
The new stage of waste management development in Russia introduces ideas of responsible production and consumption, where the best approach to reduce waste is to consume less with higher efficiency
Summary
In the era of neo-industrialization, sustainable development requires balanced and simultaneous consideration of the economic, environmental, technological, and social aspects of a considered economy, its sector, or individual manufacturing process. It should consider the interaction between all these aspects [1,2]. The CE promotes a more appropriate and environmentally sound use of resources to make the economy greener. The CE is characterized by a new business model and innovative employment opportunities [4,5], as well as by improved well-being and evident impacts on the equality within and among generations in terms of both resource use and access
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