Development Of Urban Settlements Research Articles

Pengaruh Eksistensi Bandara International Lombok Terhadap Perkembangan Permukiman di PKW Perkotaan Praya

Inequality development causes delays for Praya development. MP3EI, changed conditions of Urban Praya through the construction of Lombok International Airport (BIL) that is represented as Regional Activity Center. The development began to grow including the settlements sector. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of the presence of BIL on the development of settlements in Praya urban with quantitative descriptive method; through the identification residential development from the aspects existence of BIL, pattern and shape of its range, physical and non-physical variables that affect and changes pattern and Structures space. The results showed, the development of urban settlements do not occurs due to the direct presence of BIL but influenced by the roads and utility networks. Praya urban image map in 2006 and 2012 showing the development of settlement that is shaped "Radial Continuous" and other territories form Praya urban scattered "Linear" following the road and utility grid, whereas the other territories near BIL does not show a significant development. According to the Patterns of change and Structure Space, the land price changes. The suburban area of Praya that is experiencing the development of road, the land prices have increased despite relatively less productive land.

Preserving cultural heritage by supporting landscape planning with quantitative predictions of soil consumption

Landscape preservation in Italy is a major issue in national cultural heritage conservation policies. Urban settlements growth is among the most threatening factors for the correct landscape preservation. Such phenomenon may result in corrupting the correct landscape-system functioning, particularly when the development occurs without precise planning prescriptions. Land-use/cover evolution dynamic is a subject widely and thoroughly investigated, especially concerning consumption of natural and other lands due to anthropogenic activities. This paper focuses on a region in southern Italy, where soil consumption is known to represent a urging matter of concern. However, although the negative impacts of soil consumption are well known, to our knowledge there are no case studies presenting a precise quantitative assessment of the intensity of such phenomenon for the region of interest. Furthermore, this study aims at forecasting the development of urban settlements through the application of the cellular automata model SLEUTH; the case study concerns the Municipality of Altamura (Apulia region, Italy). Results highlight how current landscape preservation instruments alone cannot ensure a reduction in soil consumption phenomenon and how urban areas expansion is incompatible with a correct landscape conservation in the study area.

Spatial Potential as an Aspect of Territorial Competitiveness

States, regions, cities and villages are nowadays forced to compete for attention, the interest and respect of clients, as well as the users of the territory in question (visitors, business people, investors, gifted and agile workforce). The value of a territory is created by its potential, which may have material or immaterial character. A territorial plan not only complexly resolves the spatial arrangement and functional use of a territory but also creates the prerequisites for the permanently sustainable development of a municipality. The aim of the research was the assessment of the potential participation barriers in the implementation of selected environmental management instruments and their impact on permanently sustainable development of urban settlement as well as to develop the recommendations to make this action more effective. On the basis of a research it is possible to assess identified participation barriers using a method of mathematical statistics – Analysis of variance (ANOVA). Through a process of risk assessment and subsequently its implementation into strategic documents on territorial management, the increased competitiveness of the territorial unit can be expected.
 Keywords: Assessment; analysis of variance; barriers of participation; territorial plan; competitiveness;

Prehistoric and historic hydraulic technologies in stormwater and wastewater management in Greece: a brief review

Development of urban settlements during ancient years in Greece created the need for sewerage and drainage system infrastructures. For the first time, open sewerage systems mainly stone-built are found in the Minoan Civilization. Back in those times, extensive collection systems and use of storm-water has been recorded. At the same time, wastewater was used in order to fertilize agricultural land. Developed knowledge and technology on hydraulic and sewerage systems was also found in Cycladic and Mycenaean Civilization where significant irrigation systems were found. After a period of stability, throughout the Geometric period, gradual progress was observed, which peaked in Classical and Hellenistic period from 479 BC until 67 BC. During Roman Era, baths, toilets, and sewerage systems were established.

Main directions of development of the Baku urban agglomeration

An analysis is made of the historical development and formation of the major Baku urban agglomeration. The theoretical and methodological foundations of population distributions are considered, and an analysis is made of the influence of the natural, historical and economic factors on the formation of this region. The historical development of the major urban agglomeration and productive forces is investigated, which involves a high level of concentration of production and mining industries as well as with infrastructural development. A study is made of the dynamics of demographic processes, the characteristics of natural and migration movement of the population, and of the age/gender and marriage/family population composition which form the social-demographic structure of population and have an important practical significance in the determination of long-term development of the Baku agglomeration. The structural and dynamical formations of new settlements of Baku depended on their functional characteristics as well as on the distance from the center. An analysis is made of the Soviet and post-Soviet periods of population growth in the agglomeration. The dynamics of the demographic processes of the population in the agglomeration shows that the growth rates of the settlements in the outer zone are substantially higher than in Baku itself; therefore, pendulum migration is taking shape between the city and the suburb, which creates serious problems. Urbanization and its influence on the settlement process, and the problems of development of urban settlements are investigated. The ways of long-term socioeconomic development, and the transformation of the territorial organization of the Baku agglomeration are outlined. Also, an analysis is made of the population dynamics and formation of labor resources, and the problems of using and employing them in the region are considered. Based on the research done, recommendations are made for the regulation of demographic processes across the territory under investigation.

Nature and Operation of Kost Private Rental Housing in Urban Settlement Development of Jakarta, Indonesia

Nature and Operation of Kost Private Rental Housing in Urban Settlement Development of Jakarta, Indonesia

Environmentally Sustainable Development of Urban Settlements In India: A Framework For Development of Indicators

There have been numerous efforts worldwide at various scales (global/national/regional/local) in the field of development of sustainable development indicators, focusing on either one or all of its various dimensions, following the Rio Summit in 1992. However, India has fallen behind in the area of development of Sustainable Development Indicators and none of the Indian cities figure in the review of the IISD Compendium, the most comprehensive database to date to keep track of Indicators efforts. A review of the initiatives by several international agencies and countries in formulation of the sustainability indicators though provide necessary guidance, the final framework needs to address the urban sustainability issues in the Indian context. The objective of this paper is to develop a set of indicators at macro and micro level for environmentally sustainable development of the urban settlements in India. It involves recommending an approach, a methodology and a structural framework for deriving the indicators set at various levels focusing on resource dynamics of urban settlements. Domain based classification has been followed wherein domains have been identified based on essential natural and built in resources. Further, for each domain environmental sustainability determinants have been recognised and based on them multilevel indicators have been identified with a goal of greater livability and quality of life. A way forward has been given for the evaluation of indicators for formulation of policies at national level and action plan at local level with stakeholder’s participation.

МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ И ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ

The article analyzes the current state of ecological and technogenic safety of urban settlements territories. The tendency of greening, acquiring a practical orientation and having a great significance for the development of the national economy, is revealed. The absence of a theoretical foundation, which guarantees a safe for the environment development of urban settlements and necessary for a right choice of control actions on the subjects of urban development activities, which helps to effectively implement the strategy of sustainable development of territories. The authors suggest the transition to a fundamentally new system of specified parameters, taking into account the interconnection of energy parameters of urban development and ecological systems. The theoretical model which establishes a functional link between the negenthropy of an urban settlement and the negenthropy of its ecosystem-donor is obtained. Based on this relationship it is possible to create a unified regulatory framework, which provides acceptable levels of environmental and construction safety, as well as involves the mechanism of negentropic territorial quota arrangement. The authors justify the destruction of natural synergistic mechanisms of clustering under the influence of extraction of natural negentropic resources from the environment, which is being transformed, included into the entropy of artificial habitat. The research results form the theoretical basis of an economic mechanism for regulation of ecological and technogenic safety of urban territories, the essence of which consists in establishing dynamic territorial negentropic quotas. The practical application of new scientific results will create necessary conditions for elimination of violations and unfair competition and the transition to cooperation and collaboration between all participants of the urban development and stimulate the scientific and technological progress aimed at establishing parity relationship with the nature.

Agent-based Modeling of Traffic Behavior in Growing Metropolitan Areas

The urban settlement development of the past centuries was characterized by the process of suburbanization. Currently, the process of (re-) urbanization in metropolitan areas leads to population growth. This increase results in even more traffic participants in highly condensed areas and thus challenging the urban mobility system. Capacity and frequency of service of public transportation, a city's layout and road capacities constrain urban traffic. Transitions in travel behavior in Germany (e.g. less young adults consider cars as status symbols, and thus car ownership decreases) as well as the introduction of new types of mobility, such as sharing systems and electric mobility exacerbate the challenges for the future urban mobility. Both an expansion and modernization of the transportation system and an intelligent shift of traffic streams will help to overcome those challenges.Traffic simulation software is naturally used to derive results about public transportation in metropolitan areas. With the help of agent-based modeling, however, human behavior in a certain research area can be modeled according to pre-defined rules and variables. Not every single inhabitant of the metropolitan area is represented by traffic simulation software, whereas in agent-based modeling all inhabitants will be featured in the model. Agent-based modeling is used for scenarios of the future traffic behavior and the ability to easily adapt to new constraints in the general framework of the model. The metropolitan area of Stuttgart is used as case study and MATSim is used as agent modeling software. Following the model setup, different scenarios are evaluated. The main research question focuses on the alteration of the urban mobility system when newly-built residential or industrial areas or rehabilitated areas are connected to the transport system. First results regarding the demographic development of Stuttgart are presented as well as the current status of the model itself.

The complete cities of ancient Egypt

Ancient Egyptian cities and towns have until recently been one of the least- studied and least-published aspects of this great ancient civilization. Now new research and excavation are transforming our knowledge. The Complete Cities of Ancient Egypt is the first book to bring these latest discoveries to a wide general and scholarly audience, and to provide a comprehensive overview of what we know about ancient settlement during the dynastic period. Divided in two halves, the book opens with an account of the development of urban settlement in Egypt, describing the pattern of urban life, from food production, government, crime and health to schooling, leisure, ancient tourism, and the interaction of the living community with the dead. The second half of the book takes the reader on a trip down the Nile from Aswan to the Delta, giving a comprehensive account of all cities and towns with details for each of their discovery, excavation and important finds, supported by maps and plans as well as recent photographs. This book is sure to appeal to all those concerned with urban design and history, as well as tourists, students and Egyptophiles.

Becoming Urban

The transformations entangled in becoming an urban society are increasingly attracting attention in archaeology, including in the Mediterranean. The place-making entailed in the development of urban settlement represents a fundamental change for a society; it creates over time a new urban mentalité and habitus, such that the urban fabric and place become an active part of social life, and its reproduction. While urbanism does not require the ‘state’, urban settlements form key venues for social, economic and political change leading to the potential development of sedentary early complex polities. For several areas of the world and in multiple periods, there are increasingly sophisticated studies of urbanisation. To date, Cyprus has received relatively little attention—but, as increasingly recognised, urbanisation was central to the island’s rapid change into, and emergence as, a substantial element of the Late Bronze Age eastern Mediterranean world. We consider and critique the case of urbanisation on Late Bronze Age Cyprus and highlight its importance to Cypriot and eastern Mediterranean prehistory. We explore in detail one particular case, the Maroni valley area and its Late Bronze Age complex, where relatively detailed information is becoming available from a combination of excavations, pedestrian survey and archaeological geophysics. We argue that only such detailed study allows proper recognition of the nature and anatomy of urban settlements on prehistoric Cyprus; we also argue that the scale (spatial and demographic) of the main Late Bronze Age urban settlements on Cyprus should not be underestimated.

Екологоорієнтований розвиток міст: теоретичні підходи та досвід формування

In the article the essence and main characteristics of Eco-Cities are highlited. The main types of Eco-Cities in Europe, China, the Middle East and other countries are revealed. The basic ways of Ecological Development of Cities are determined. The basic environmental problems of cities in Ukraine are identified. The opportunities of use of international practices in conducting of regional environmental policy are determined. The normative legal documents and measures concerning the sustainable development of urban settlements in Ukraine are analyzed.

Socio-economic and geographical factors of development - study case: cities Berana, Andrijevice and Plava

The paper analyzes the socio-economic and geographic factors for Berane Andrijevice and Plava. The above urban settlements are located in the northeastern part of Montenegro. Isolated traffic and geographical position adversely affects the economic and social development of urban settlements. For the development of cities of greater importance are the geo-morphological and hydrological characteristics of the terrain, the climate and geology, which limits greatly compensates for modern construction techniques. Berane population increased in the period 1948-2003 to 26.81%, while in Andrijevica decreased by 42.48% and 12.43% of Plav. These data suggest to us most vividly, what are the demographic changes occurring in the region. Age groups, due to migration and decreasing birth rate changes and gets unfavorable features - reducing the proportion of younger and older increases the proportion of the population. In both cases, the disturbed age structure has a reverse effect on the movement of the population (the size of reproductive contingent), but also to all other structures of the population (the size of contingent employment, population, compulsory school contingent, contingent dependent population ratio).The main characteristic of modern urban development of cities provide processes of industrialization and urbanization. However, the economic crisis in Montenegro at the beginning of the nineties due to isolation, the economic and social strategy of circling and lack of long term economic development, stopped the social, economic, technical and technological development of urban settlement Berane, Andrijevica and Plav.

The cities as a socio-economic basis of the Russian North's development

This paper reviews the problems of socio-economic development of cities in the Russian North. The peculiarities of their formation and evolution from the strong points of reclamation to multifunctional development of urban settlements are shown. The periods are marked and the reasons for the emergence of cities in historical perspective are identified. The peculiarities of placing cities on the territory of the Russian North, and some of its macro-regions defined as compact urban areas are reviewed. A grouping procedure of urban settlements according to the economic specialization and administrative functions is made. A close relationship between the developments of urban settlements with the cyclic use of natural resources is shown; the risks arising from their single-industry development and economic diversification problems of cities associated with the high cost northern factors are noted. The role and influence of cities on the social and economic processes in selected macro regions and subjects of the northern zone of the Russian Federation are revealed. A special role of cities in the socio-economic development of the northern subjects of the Federation is underlined. The main directions of the development of different functionality cities in a promising period are reviewed.

'We Have A Tiger By The Tail': Continuities and Discontinuities in Zimbabwean City Planning and Politics

The development of urban settlements in Zimbabwe from the 1890s was obviously an essential element of the economic landscape as its territory was gradually transformed by the reach of metropolitan and white settler capital. Towns and cities are nodes of power, production and innovation which both structure and serve national space. In white settler states in sub-Saharan Africa their development was fraught with the tensions inherent in a political economy which required African labour in towns but deemed it imperative to restrict as far as possible the political voice of these urban workers. This led to major institutional controls on their mobility and urban housing, which were lifted in 1980. This article will discuss three of the different analytical strands which developed in the study of Zimbabwean urbanization and relate these to the discussions of urban issues in the new history of Rhodesia and Zimbabwe, Becoming Zimbabwe. First, the city as a site of control and restriction. Second, the city as a planned and planning space. Third, the city as a site of political disaffection. These are interconnected and have waxed and waned as events have unfolded.

Macroeconomic factors of growth of Russian cities and town planning policy objectives

This paper was prepared for the 70th birthday of Oleg Sergeevich Pchelintsev, but he did not live to see it in print. For memorials of O.S. Pchelintsev, see www.demoscope.ru Nos 243–244 of April 17–30, 2006. The paper analyzes the channels and ways by which macroeconomic policy impacts the development of urban settlement and individual groups of cities. Its findings are used to validate new directions and measures of urban policy

Les coûts des déplacements urbains : la durabilité du modèle en question

The burden of urban transport : the consistency of urban sprawl The current development of urban settlements increasingly relies on the use of motorised transport means. How much does it cost to citizens and public authorities, how to evaluate the burden to the environment ? What are the shares of car and public transport in these costs ? This paper proposes updated evaluations of these costs and discusses the consistency of urban sprawl with the economic, social and environmental dimensions of the sustainable development. JEL classification : R4

Central places in southern Germany. An economic-geographical study of the regularity of the distribution and development of urban settlements

Avant-propos Le present travail etait concu a l’origine comme une etude de sciences politiques consacre a l’economie ; le fil directeur aurait consiste a rechercher les fondements economiques theoriques en vue d’une organisation rationnelle de l’Etat, ainsi qu’une reorganisation visant a simplifier la vie publique dans l’Empire allemand. Les idees que me donnerent les conferences, les exercices de seminaires et les excursions du professeur Robert Gradmann, me firent voir clairement que la geo...

Development of the Jewish Urban Settlement in Israel in View of the Theory of the Innovation Diffusion

Abstract Presentation of the current state and development tendencies of Jewish urban settlement in Israel against the innovation diffusion theory. Analysis of the growth tempo of the number of cities in Israel allows to claim that urban Jewish settlement network develops in accordance with the innovation diffusion model. Assuming that the theory fits the urban settlement development pattern on the surveyed territories, the directions taken by the impulses sent by innovation sources have been determined based on the corridor settlement development theory. The hypothesis has been verified against the factors influencing spatial development directions of the Jewish urban settlement using a dynamic (synchronic-comparative) diffusion process simulation model, built with the Monte Carlo method. The conducted analyses and procedures verifying the model distribution of Jewish settlement in Israeli cities in 1948, 1967 and 1992 allowed to conclude that the highest stochastic concordance between the model accounting for the innovation diffusion theory elements, and the real distribution of Jewish settlement cities holds for 1948 and 1967. According to the diffusion innovation theory, these years correspond to the colonisation stage. The model diversifies from reality for late 1967, when network densification process was coming to an end and city competition stage was starting. Despite statistical validity of the hypotheses, the results show that besides the analysed factors influencing the development of Jewish urban settlement, other variables, not accounted for in the model, are also significantly influential.

Environmental archaeology at the Chengtoushan site, Hunan Province, China, and implications for environmental change and the rise and fall of the Yangtze River civilization

Fortified settlements had emerged as early as 6400–6100 cal yr BP in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the early Daxi culture, particularly at the Chengtoushan site in Hunan Province, China. There were four major stages for the development of the Yangtze River civilization in the middle reaches of the Yangtze at ca. 6400–6100 cal yr BP (beginning of early Daxi culture); ca. 5800 cal yr BP (beginning of middle Daxi culture); ca. 5300 cal yr BP (beginning of Qujialing culture) and ca. 4500 cal yr BP (beginning of Shijiahe culture). These periods correspond to times of climate deterioration, especially of weakened summer monsoon. The decreased rainfall in summertime resulting from the weakened summer monsoon would have necessitated a system for securing water supply by irrigation, and this, in turn, may have lead to the rise and development of urban settlements and monarchs to govern the irrigation and new social systems. The Yangtze River civilization began to decline at 4200–4000 cal yr BP and the great settlements were abandoned. This event was also considered to be the consequence of a severe climate deterioration that swept through Eurasia ca. 4200–4000 cal yr BP.