Urban Housing Development Research Articles

베트남 하노이시의 주상복합아파트 계획특성 연구

Since the 21st century, major cities in Vietnam faced housing shortage and there was a lack in office spaces. As a result, construction companies from over seas provided mixed-use apartment as a new type of urban housing. A large number of mixed-use apartments are built in big cities such as Hanoi and Ho-chi-minh City. However, research on mixed-use housing in Vietnam is insufficient. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to understand the characteristics of mixed-use apartments and have an effect on the development of urban housing in Vietnam. This study focuses on examining the planning characteristics of mixed-use apartments in Hanoi. The research will be based on 10 mixed-use apartments that are already built or expected to be built in a few years. Therefore, this study starts by looking into the history of the Vietnamese urban housing. The study focuses on the transformation of urban housing since 2000. Then, the study will mainly focus on examining the mixed-use apartments in different aspects, in order to analyze the planning characteristics.

Land use Regulations Towards a Sustainable Urban Housing: Klang Valley Conurbation

Sustainability can be achieved through housing development as it could promote social equity, generate economic growth, and promote environmental conservation through its planning, construction, design and management. It is to be believed that the most fundamental aspect in achieving sustainability is through the planning system and development plans. The issue of non-compliance such as illegal change of land use zoning and conflicts in development plans are among others that affect sustainability in the housing sector. Therefore, the intend of this paper is to review how land use planning regulations such as Acts, development plans and planning guidelines may affect the achievement of a sustainable urban housing development in the Klang Valley.

Spatial distribution of structure infesting ant species inhabiting urban housing developments of different ages

The distribution of ant colonies within a community is often well defined, yet this distribution can change due to changing environmental conditions, resource availability, and colony growth. In this study, structure infesting ant communities were sampled for one year within three Puerto Rican housing developments of different ages. These developments represented environments in different stages of recovery after a disturbance (secondary succession). Spatial mapping was used to plot the distribution and abundance of ant communities within these developments. At the beginning of the study, the youngest housing development (1 year since construction), had the fewest number of species present (ave. 1.6 per house). The second housing development (4 years old) had a greater number of species (ave. 2.6 per house), and a greater sampling frequency (the same species collected at multiple houses) than Site 1. The oldest development (8 years old) had both the greatest number of species (ave. 2.7 per house), and sampling frequency of the three sites. In all developments, the number of species, sampling frequency, and ant biomass increased throughout the year as colonies grew and foraging ranges expanded. It was observed in all developments, that species coexistence also increased throughout the year. As colony populations increased, there was a greater occurrence of multiple species being collected at the same sample house. In the youngest development, the two most dominant species increased in numbers during the year and began to be collected from the same sample houses. Spatial diagrams documented that multiple species in the older housing developments (later stages of succession), also shared a common distribution. Even the most dominant species (S. invicta) in all three sites, did not exclude additional species from foraging within its established range.

Fire and burn risks to children: exploring the role of housing quality

BackgroundThe increased risk to low income, urban children from fire and burn injuries is well documented. However, little is known about how housing quality affects young children's injury risk, even...

Incorporating sustainable management system into housing development practice in Malaysia

This paper reviews the practice in sustainable management in housing development, which incorporates in Malaysia the urban planning organisation and sustainable housing development variables. The transition of a sustainable housing development is to ward off the constraints faced in the housing sector and to drive through the sustainable loop to undergo the evolution in the new housing era. The primary objective is to achieve the balance of a sustainability triple bottom line at the end of the result. The suggestion made is to use a system tool to manage housing development in Malaysia in a sustainable approach.

Gated communities in Istanbul: the new walls of the city

Since the 1980s, gated communities have been the main driver of urban housing development and the real estate market in the Istanbul Metropolitan Area. While gated communities have shaped the urban macroform and urban sprawl, they have radically transformed the inner city. The aim of this paper is to investigate the patterns of gated communities in Istanbul. By evaluating 161 gated developments, the paper aims to develop a typology for them and to evaluate their impact on the urban macroform. The results offer useful lessons for other dynamic metropolitan cities.

The impact of electronic land administration on urban housing development: The case study of the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria

This paper evaluates the impact of electronic land administration as an e-government policy initiative in Nigeria. It analyses conceptually the differences between the expected and actual value of Abuja Geographic Information Systems (AGIS)—an e-land administration project—on urbanisation in Abuja, the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) of Nigeria. The AGIS case study reveals that differences between the expected and actual value of strengthening the state’s financial capacity are low. The differences are medium for enhancing access to and security of credit, and improvement of land use planning and environmental management and high for the promotion of popular participation. The elicited differences are traceable to hindrances inscribed in Land Use and National Housing Acts, to inequitable access to land, inconsistent resettlement policy, poor community participation and financial misconduct. The findings suggest the need to pay attention to provisions through which e-government can support the reduction of country specific problems, improve the quality of institutions and to promote urbanisation, thereby increasing social welfare as well as participation by the people in promoting suitable and adequate shelter for all citizens.

Understanding Alcohol Consumption and Its Correlates among African American Youths in Public Housing: A Test of Problem Behavior Theory

African American youths are overrepresented in urban public housing developments characterized by violence, poverty, and alternative market activities. Using Jessor and Jessor's problem behavior theory (PBT), the authors examined alcohol use and its correlates in a sample of African American youths from three public housing developments (N = 403). Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the relative contributions of demographics, personality, environment, and behavior system variables in predicting past-year alcohol use. Results provide support for PBT. Depressive effects and causes were significant predictors of adolescent alcohol use. Delinquent behavior and affiliation with delinquent peers were also associated with alcohol use. Furthermore, age was related to alcohol use. Implications for practice and future inquiry are suggested. KEY WORDS: African American youths; alcohol use; disaggregated effects; problem behavior theory; public housing development ********** African American youths are overrepresented in urban public housing developments characterized by violence, poverty, and alternative market activities. In the past few years, research has begun to focus specifically on this vulnerable population of youths. This research has contributed to our understanding of how various domains relate to African American adolescents' symptoms and behaviors, especially in the context of public housing neighborhoods. Alcohol use or misuse is a common maladaptive behavior in the United States (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2001). Research evidence shows that problems associated with excessive alcohol consumption--for example, liver disease, cardiovascular disease, neurological damage, and psychiatric problems--tend to be exacerbated in youths reporting early initiation (Odgers et al., 2008). In particular, evidence suggests that alcohol is the most widely used drug by youths (Office of Juvenile .Justice and Delinquency Prevention [OJJDP], 2008). African American youths drink less than other youths on average (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration [SAMHSA], 2009). However, results of national surveys reveal that while frequent heavy drinking among white male individuals ages 18 to 29 continued to drop, rates of heavy drinking and alcohol-related problems remained high among African Americans in the same age group (see, for example, SAMHSA, 2009). Consequently, the age-adjusted death rate from alcohol-related diseases for African Americans is 10% greater than it is for the general population (Kochanek, Murphy, Anderson, & Scott, 2004). Furthermore, alcohol use is related to the four leading causes of death among African Americans ages 12 to 20: homicide, unintentional injuries, car accidents, and suicide (National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, 2006). In this group, alcohol consumption has also been linked to depressive symptoms (Grant, 1997). Other consequences of alcohol use or misuse include later adolescent predicaments, inhibiting acquisition of skills necessary for employment, and heightened health risks. We used Jessor and Jessor's (1977) problem behavior theory to help understand and explicate adolescent alcohol use in a sample of African American youths in public housing. The conceptual structure of the theory consists of three major systems that explain problem behavior: personality, perceived environment, and the behavior system. The theory asserts that each system serves either as instigator for or control against engaging in problem behavior. Proneness to problem behavior is determined by the balance between instigators and controls across the three systems. This study may guide development of interventions with greater potential to prevent the emergence of alcohol abuse and dependence during adolescence and early adulthood. This overview provides a context for understanding the significance of the social ecology in understanding African American adolescents' behavior in urban public housing. …

Engaging high-risk adolescents in pregnancy prevention programming: Service delivery in low-income housing developments

The risk of adolescent pregnancy is elevated among teens living in areas of concentrated poverty. Although the majority of adolescent sexual risk reduction programs are based in schools, delivering programming in the neighborhood setting is an innovative approach that may enhance the engagement of high-risk youth. This study evaluates the process of implementing an adolescent pregnancy prevention program in the context of low-income, urban housing developments. The primary aims of this paper are: (1) to provide a detailed description of the recruitment and retention strategies employed by a pregnancy prevention program based in low-income housing; (2) to describe the feasibility of recruiting and retaining participants for this type of program; and (3) to examine the percentage of participants enrolled through different recruitment strategies. Some 305 adolescents from eight low-income, urban communities were included in the process study. Results revealed that successful recruitment and retention of adol...

New Kinds of Land Conflict in Urban Cameroon: the Case of the ‘landless’ Indigenous Peoples in Yaoundé

ABSTRACTThe land disputes in Cameroon that are best known are between groups of local (indigenous) populations and people originating from elsewhere (incomers). This situation is fairly common in the cosmopolitan towns of Douala and Yaoundé. The purpose of this article is not to revisit these types of conflict, but rather to explore conflicts over land between the indigenous populations and the state. This new kind of opposition demonstrates that it is not only the incoming populations who are dispossessing indigenous people of their land. In fact, in various and more effective ways, the state is playing a significant part in the expropriation of indigenous land heritage. This process may be witnessed in urban housing developments, as well as in areas set aside for public utility, or those that are too dangerous to be developed (slopes, piedmonts and marshlands). Through its policy of urbanization, the state is seemingly contributing to producing ‘landless indigenous people’ in much the same way as and probably more effectively than the incomers. This article reviews the historical processes of land expropriation from the time of the colonial state, analysing the grievances of indigenous people faced with this situation, as well as the strategies they have developed in an effort to take back control of their lost lands.

Leaving Chicago for Iowa's "Fields of Opportunity": Community Dispossession, Rootlessness, and the Quest for Somewhere to "Be OK"

In recent years, urban development and public housing demolition have posed challenges to the social and geographic rootedness of low-income African Americans in urban areas. In particular, in Chicago, widespread public housing demolition, occurring in the context of rapid gentrification, has contributed to increasing shortages of affordable low-income housing. This study uses in-depth interviews and participant observation to examine the migration experiences of men and women who have left urban neighborhoods and public housing developments in Chicago searching for affordable housing and economic opportunity in eastern Iowa. This particular analysis focuses on experiences of social and geographic "rootlessness" that emerged as a major theme in these interviews. Participants describe community dispossession in Chicago that has threatened not only the ties between individuals and their social support networks, but also connections and claims to the places in which these ties are rooted. Narratives that describe leaving Chicago in this context and then trying to get by as a stigmatized outsider in "someone else's city" speak to a process of dislocation that may disrupt critical social-support resources that are known to mitigate the consequences of structural disadvantage.

Maryland's Priority Funding Area and the Spatial Pattern of the New Housing Development

This study attempts to examine whether new urban housing development has been effectively constrained within the Priority Funding Area (PFA) in Maryland, USA. More specifically, it adopts a propensity score approach to the analysis of panel data on housing starts in Maryland between 1998 and 2003, extracted from the MdProperty View Database. While many other relevant studies use features of local housing markets as the indicators of programme success, this empirical analysis can directly examine the number and the location of newly constructed houses for testing the efficacy of the programme thanks to the detailed information available from the Property View dataset. In order to avoid the endogeneity problem associated with designating PFA, probability of being PFA for each census tract is estimated using a probit model and is included in the panel regression model. The findings of the study suggest that residential parcel development continues to expand at the outside of the PFA in the Smart Growth era.

Evaluating the sustainability of urban housing development in Nigeria through innovative infrastructure management

PurposeThis paper aims to determine the sustainability of housing development in the context of neighbourhood infrastructure provision and also to examine the level of averting cost and substitutes resorted to by households in the study areas.Design/methodology/approachA total of 80 questionnaires each were distributed and retrieved from households in Festival of Arts and Culture (FESTAC) town and Badia, Lagos, Nigeria. The questionnaire design was based on a combination of an extensive review of literature dealing with the economic impact of urban infrastructure on the citizens of Lagos metropolis. All respondents returned completed questionnaires in a usable format, representing a 100 per cent response rate.FindingsInfrastructure provision is not sustainable in the study areas. This is based on the fact that infrastructure provision in the study areas is deplorable and in consequence households are willing to pay for its improvement.Research limitations/implicationsSustainability is a goal that allows for continuing improvement of standards of living without irreversible damage to resources need to survive as that humans species. It therefore implies that housing development has to be designed in a sustainable manner with due regard to its neighbourhood. This is reinforced by the fact that housing development cannot be sustainable without neighbourhood interactions and cost‐efficient infrastructure management.Originality/valueReview of sustainable urban services is needed to curb slum formation and deteriorating housing conditions in urban neighbourhoods. This will be a veritable tool in urban housing and infrastructure management.

Exploiting town planning factors in land development

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how planning factors affect urban housing development in the capital city of Kuala Lumpur. The paper encompasses planning approval process, legislative provisions, and planning decisions.Design/methodology/approachThe paper analyses published literatures on land‐use planning to unveil diverse negative effects on property development, particularly on urban housing supply. Primary data are gathered through questionnaire surveys to 137 private housing developers and in‐depth interviews with seven local planning authorities to obtain feedback on the issues affecting urban housing development.FindingsThe paper establishes that some components of the town planning control can be exploited towards achieving the housing aspiration of a nation.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of this paper are based on planning controls on urban housing development in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.Practical implicationsThe paper attempts to encourage public policy makers and local authorities to undertake a more active role in providing better quality of urban housing through utilisation of town planning tools such as development plans, development control, and planning decision.Originality/valueThe paper provides information on how the government can utilise town planning controls to achieve urban housing policy in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

The New Politics of Urban Housing

The significant changes in housing policy in the UK over the last three decades have been widely described and discussed. Public housing has moved away from centre stage because of privatisation and the decline in new public sector building. In the last decade there has been a renewed concern to provide affordable housing, but policy has not reverted to the earlier model where the affordable-housing drive was led by local authorities and new towns. Instead, it has turned to the use of the planning system to deliver different kinds of affordable housing, and one consequence has been the advent of a different style and density of urban housing development. The authors address the change in housing provision from a perspective related to the politics of construction. They play off earlier work by Dunleavy, and contrast the new politics of urban housing with those described in the era prior to 1975. They draw on research on mixed-tenure developments and regional housing strategies in England, and suggest that there is a new technological and ideological shortcut which is affecting the pattern of housing in major urban areas. Although there are some profound differences from the era of mass housing, there are also some important similarities in the factors that underpin the new politics of urban housing. The authors discuss key issues and provide suggestions for future research.

Emerging Forms of Sustainable Urbanism: Case Studies of Vauban Freiburg and solarCity Linz

Abstract This study is an ongoing interdisciplinary collaboration, which discusses possible emerging forms of sustainable urbanism in the 21st century. The idea of sustainable urbanism is examined in this paper in more than environmental and ecological aspects, to highlight the emergent forms of urbanism based on new paradigms that inform on the shape of cities to come. The two case studies discussed embody complex topics of design, dwelling, community in space, building technologies, environmental strategies, as well as models of affordability. At the same time, new trajectories in the development of sustainable urban housing are explored. It is based on the following case studies: Case Study 1: The new city district of Vauban Freiburg, in Germany, describes the guiding principles and their implementation in the planning and design of this new major development: Vauban comprises 2,000 homes to house 5,000 people, as well as business units to provide about 500 to 600 jobs. Case Study 2: solarCity Linz, in...

A quantitative model for assessing the impact of land use planning on urban housing development in Nigeria

The institution of land use planning in the cities of Nigeria significantly affects development. It is responsible for delays in securing land and development rights, affects plot sizes, and imposes unrealistic standards on housing development. No approach appears to have been developed so far to quantify these impacts systematically. Present methods rely on descriptive studies typically based on casual empiricism. A review of existing literature provides evidence of the application of quantitative methods for assessing the impact of planning on urban housing development in the UK, the USA and Hong Kong. While noting the differences in the planning regimes between developed and developing economies, this paper develops a multiple regression model to quantify the impact of land use planning on cities in Nigeria. The aim is to provoke more research in this area to generate measures to improve the system of land use planning in African cities.

Identifying the major influences on the microbial composition of roof harvested rainwater and the implications for water quality

Perceptions of the quality of roof harvested rainwater remain an impediment to widespread implementation of rainwater tanks on urban allotments. Previous literature reports on roof water quality have given little consideration to the relative significance of airborne environmental micro-organisms to roof catchment contamination and the issue of tank water quality. This paper outlines the findings of a recent study into the influence of weather on roof water contamination conducted at an urban housing development in Newcastle, on the east coast of Australia. Samples of direct roof run-off were collected during a number of separate rainfall events, and microbial counts were matched to climatic data corresponding to each of the monitored events. Roof run-off contamination was found to be under the strong influence of both wind speed and direction. The preliminary findings of an investigation currently under way into the microbial diversity of rainwater harvesting systems have also been presented. The results indicate that the composition of organisms present varied considerably from source to source and throughout the collection system. In all cases, evidence of faecal contamination was found to be negligible. The implications of these findings to the issues of tank water quality, health risk analysis and monitoring protocols have been discussed.

Capital Social y Voluntariado: claves para un financiamiento solidario de la vivienda social. El caso de la fundación Un Techo para Chile.

Even when the housing policies have, in the last decades, introduced important improvements in the understanding and treatment of housing in the poorest sectors, there is still an important percentage of poverty . The poorest sectors are clearly excluded from several aspects of society. This is evident in chanty towns which have no land regulations, lack of basic services, crowding conditions, segregation and discrimination. There is also a lack of formulas which facilitate the application to housing units. There is a need for alternative management and financing models where solidarity is an effective policy and not just nice words. This paper presents the vision and the working model used by the Un Techo para Chile Foundation (exported to other Latin American countries under the name of Un Techo para mi Pais). The social capital and volunteering are stressed as fundamental strategies which cooperate with solidarity financing for social housing. Such strategies play an important role in the financing of the housing units, in the transmission of the information, the defence of dignity, guaranteeing quality and the search of excellence in service as possible premises in the development of urban housing for the poorest communities.

A study of Chinese strategies for energy-efficient housing developments from an architect's perspective, combined with Swedish experiences and game theory

The energy issue is always an important factor in sustainable housing developments. Over the years, a number of energy-saving techniques have been developed to reduce consumption of primary energy and utilise renewable energy in architectural designs. However, the real situation regarding energy-efficient buildings has improved rather slowly during the recent decades, both in the developing and developed countries. Hammarby Sjöstad is one of the largest urban housing developments in Europe but is built to standards twice as strict as those currently being applied for new housing, including energy consumption. Eco-villages are small-scale housing developments, usually in the suburbs, where residents also try to create highly specific ecological environments. There are two basic paradigms to solve the current housing problem: top-down (provider paradigm) or bottom-up (support paradigm). This paper analyses the differences between these, especially from an energy efficiency perspective. Housing development is a gaming process between diverse stakeholders. All the stakeholders try to choose different actions in an attempt to maximise their returns. If the proposals made by the architects and engineers are not consistent with the interests of other stakeholders, they have little chance of being applied in actual projects. This paper describes systematic development strategies for the energy-efficient housing project Jun Lin Zijin, a Chinese residential and commercial project furthering the progress of design and construction.