Tribal Development Research Articles

A Study on Constraints Faced by Tribals in Availing Benefits from Different Tribal Development Schemes in Jammu and Kashmir State

The study was conducted to find out the constraints faced by gujjars and bakerwals in availing the benefits of tribal developmental schemes in Jammu division of Jammu and Kashmir State. Multi-stage sampling technique was employed for the selection of districts, blocks, villages and ultimate respondents. The total sample size was 112. Pretested interview schedule was used for the collection of data. The major finding of the study revealed that lack of proper awareness followed by lack of knowledge of government intervention (66%), adequacy of funds (41%), High illiteracy rate among the respondents and living in the far-flung area are the major constraints which are faced by tribal in availing the benefits from Tribals developmental schemes.

Decentralised Planning for Tribal Development and Role of Panchayats: A Study of Two Districts of Odisha

Planning for promoting socio-economic development of marginalised people has emerged as a key function of Panchayats in India. This scenario is also found in the case of the scheduled areas of Odisha. On the basis of data collected from 300 households in two tribal districts of Odisha, this study argues that institutional arrangement and functioning of Panchayats have paved the way for formulation of decentralised development plans in these areas. The Panchayats have been playing a key role in the ways of formulating decentralised development plans and fostering the participation of tribal people in planning process. Many important issues related to socio-economic development of tribal people have been discussed in the meetings involving planning. Despite this, the goals of promoting socio-economic development of tribal people through formulating decentralised development plans have not achieved the desired results. Inadequate infrastructure and poor data management system at the Panchayat level and weak coordination among the various tiers have created hurdles in the path of formulation of decentralised development plans in the districts. It is on this basis, that this article suggests decentralised planning as a systemic process in the scheduled areas under the guidance of the Panchayats.

DEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE OF THE PEOPLE OF LODHA TRIBE OF MAYURBHANJ OF ODISHA IN EASTERN INDIA

Odisha is regarded as the homeland of a number of different types of tribes, which have been considered as Scheduled Tribe numbering sixty two. Among the total 62 Tribes, 13 Ethno-cultural Primitive Tribal Groups (PTGs). In the later, these 13 Primitive Tribal Groups (PTGs) including Lodha tribe have been considered by Governments of India as Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs).In India, the people of Lodha tribe are living mainly in the forest covered boarder district of Midnapur in West Bengal, Mayurbhanj in Odisha and Singbhum in Jharkhand. The study of development and change of Lodha tribe / community of Mayurbhanj of Odisha is one of the important aspects of the whole tribal development of India. In Odisha, the Lodha is a small tribe and the people this Primitive tribe are mainly found resided in the Morada and Suliapada regions (Block) of Mayurbhanja. The Lodhas are the jungle inhabitants and they are residing in the remote areas of Mayurbhanj. The aim of this paper is to highlight the development and change of the people of Lodha tribe of Mayurbhanj in respect of their various aspects like economic, educational, religious practices, housing and settlement, health and sanitation, village council, etc. as far as practicable on the part of present author. For the writing of this article, both the primary and secondary sources are meticulously used by the author.

Tribal Welfare and Development Schemes – Impact on the Scheduled Tribes of Sittheri Hills Dharmapuri District in Tamilnadu

Tribal Welfare and Development Schemes – Impact on the Scheduled Tribes of Sittheri Hills Dharmapuri District in Tamilnadu

Pardhi Criminality in Postcolonial Chhattisgarh—of Tigers, Tribals and Misfits

Efforts aimed at canvassing the past–present continuum of criminal tribes, though appreciable, have proven to be piecemeal, sporadic and awkward. Avoiding some characteristic pitfalls, a historical anthropology of the Pardhis of Chhattisgarh reveals how geographies that were relatively untouched by a colonial programme of criminalization before independence can become active sites of the same in the post-independence period. In avoiding either extremes of emphasizing absolute continuities or alternatively marking a putative rupture between the (colonial) past and (postcolonial) present, this article makes a case for how the colonial programme frequently mutates with/through a number of other discourses, such as regional state formation, administrative procedures, wildlife conservation, nascent ideas of tribal development, and democratic struggles, as part of its relentless movement. This article summarizes the effects of the same for the Pardhis at the level of ‘history’.

Tribal Development Disparities in Odisha: An Empirical Analysis

The well-known phenomenon of tribal disadvantage in India requires constant monitoring to ensure diligent attention to equitable protection of tribal people’s right to life. This article, based on an analysis of primary data collected from 400 households in eight different tribal communities in Odisha, charts the differential progress of Odisha tribals by establishing a Tribal Development Index. Such data identify significant development disparities and confirm the existence of a ‘creamy layer’, constituted of more developed individuals and families also among India’s tribals. While many households in these eight communities still lack basic amenities, notable differences regarding food security, landholding, income and overall development were identified, supporting arguments for devising more sophisticated differential forms of intervention.

Political participation and tribal development in Odisha: An empirical analysis of Nabarangpur district

Political participation and tribal development in Odisha: An empirical analysis of Nabarangpur district

Tribal development administration and five year plans: A policy review

Tribal development administration and five year plans: A policy review

Structure and functioning of tribal area development programme (TADP) with special reference to agricultural services

Findings of the study reveal that Tribal Area Development Programme is in operation under Tribal Area Development Department since 1964. Agricultural services of the programme were implemented in seven tribal blocks of Udaipur district. For Agricultural services the funds are received from Central sponsored schemes. The programme is for tribal people below poverty line. Principal Secretary is responsible for planning, controlling and directing Tribal Area Development. Commissioner is responsible for tribal development funds and plans based on proposals received from the line departments and other agencies working in tribal areas. The Tribal Area Development Department implements its various programmes through the line departments and Agricultural services in the district are implemented by agriculture department, horticulture department and non-government organizations.

Mahatma Gandhi and Tribal Development

As we face intractable challenges of ever-increasing violence, growing inequalities, poverty, diseases and climate change all of which raise serious questions on our future existence, we once again turn to Mahatma Gandhi, his ideas and practices to face these adversities. The article engages with one such issue of tribes and the development initiatives of the state with ideas drawn from Gandhian economics and his model of social construction.

Economic Transformations in a Savara Village of Andhra Pradesh: Tamarind to Cashew

Even tribal communities in India living in relative geographic isolation have experienced significant transformations during the last 70 years. Many studies have investigated the impact of tribal development programmes on the socio-economic conditions of different tribal communities. However, few attempts to systematically re-study the same tribal village after some decades have been made. This article re-examines the transformation of different sources of income for a Savara village in Andhra Pradesh and specifically scrutinises the impact of cashew plantations promoted in 1983–5. Since the acceptance to undertake cashew plantation was a precondition for the Savara of Manapuram to achieve economic and language integration, the question becomes what have been the results after some decades. The article identifies many consequences for this community, not just a shift from tamarind to cashew.

Tribal Development in the North Eastern Part of India: Reality and Constrains

Tribal Development in the North Eastern Part of India: Reality and Constrains

Kendu – a promising underutilized forest fruit species for poverty alleviation of tribals

Kendu (Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb.), an underexploited fruit species, is grown as natural wild in the forests and marginal lands of West Bengal, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Andhra Pradesh. In West Bengal, it is commonly found in plateau districts of Bankura, Purulia and Paschim Midnapur. Being a highly economical species for the local inhabitants and tribals, it is naturally being protected by them. All the plant parts like bark, leaves, fruits and seeds can be used for different commercial purposes. Fruits are a good source of carbohydrates, calcium, phosphorus and carotene and can prevent malnutrition of tribals. Dried powdered fruit is used as carminative and dried flowers are reported to be useful in urinary, skin and blood diseases. Seeds are prescribed for curing mental disorders, palpitation of heart and nervous breakdown. Leaves are used as raw material of the 'Bidi' industry and West Bengal Tribal Development Co-operative Corporation Limited (WBTDCC) has given top priority in this regard. Due to its immense importance, this crop should be given priority so that it can provide the nutritional security and uplift the socio-economic condition of the poor tribal peoples. Hence, a review of this crop on different aspects of nutritional, medicinal, etc., has been done with a view to exploit this underexploited fruit tree to a maximum extent.

Unfolding tensions within post-settlement governance and tribal economies in Aotearoa New Zealand

PurposeThis paper aims to examine indigenous governance and economies of iwi Maori (Maori tribes) in Aotearoa New Zealand. Research into persisting inequities amongst iwi that have settled treaty claims and the potential for intervention through new governance models and indigenous entrepreneurship contextualise the paper.Design/methodology/approachKaupapa Maori (Maori philosophy) is used as an indigenous methodology to facilitate and empower transformative change, underpinned by Maori knowledge, language and culture. A multi-level approach is used to collect data from international, national and local tribal organisations. Validity is established through stakeholder engagement.FindingsA central challenge in the post-treaty settlement context is exponentialising tribal capabilities because of the multiple purposes ascribed to post-settled iwi. Four themes, characterised as “unfolding tensions”, offer a critique and basis for solving tribal development challenges: how do tribes create culturally grounded global citizens; how do tribes rebalance wealth creation and wealth distribution; how do tribes recalibrate tribal institutions; and how do tribes embed entrepreneurship and innovation within their economies?Research limitations/implicationsAs data collection is still underway, the paper is conceptual.Practical implicationsFive strategies to address unfolding tensions are identified for tribes to consider.Social implicationsTribal governors and tribal members are implicated in the analysis, as well as the architects of post-treaty settlement governance models.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to theorising about tribal governance, economies and entrepreneurship.

Spiralling histories: reflections on the 1923 Dominion Museum East Coast Ethnological Expedition and other multimedia experiments

In March and April 1923 the Dominion Museum undertook an ethnological expedition to the East Coast region of New Zealand’s North Island, which was initiated and hosted by politician and scholar Apirana Ngata. Along with researchers Johannes Andersen, Elsdon Best and Peter Buck (Te Rangihīroa), the Museum’s acting director, James McDonald, took photographs and made films which recorded the cultural practices and traditions of the Ngāti Porou people. These traces in manuscripts, photographs and movies of the relationships that shaped the expeditions still travel through space and time, spiralling into the future as they allow contemporary and future listeners and viewers to reconnect with the past. Although these people have long since died, they live on in McDonald’s films and photographs, along with the many Māori people from the communities they visited, in documentation of ways of life which provide invaluable resources for cultural heritage and contemporary tribal development today. In this paper, McDonald’s uri ‘descendant’ (his great-granddaughter Anne Salmond) and Billie Lythberg reconstruct the activities of the team on the expedition, drawing on a rich range of archival and other sources, and then reflect on the meaning of these “reflections” drawn with light on wax cylinders, nitrate film and paper, as well as current digital technology. Whether present in these recordings or as the eyes through which we see and the ears through which we hear, these hoa aroha ‘dear friends’—McDonald, Ngata, Buck, Andersen and Best—cannot be disentangled from the archive, the people who hosted them, and the whakaahua ‘images’ they created together.

A Study on the Current Profile of Schedule Tribes and Schedule Areas

The tribal communities in India are living mostly in remote and rural areas. Also, some of these tribes live in remote villages or hamlets. A minor tribal population has moved from remote areas to villages as well as urban areas. There are substantial reasons for lower pace of tribal development activities than what was expected. There is ignorance in these communities of various programmes of the Central and State Governments which have resulted in marginal participation of these communities in such programmes. This is due to lack of awareness and information of these programmes. Although, the Government of India and State Government want the benefits of this programmes to reach to tribal community which is poor, but the fact is that it is not reaching substantially. There are number of agencies of the State and Central Governments which are carrying out the programmes and it makes confusion in the implementation. Sometimes the programmes fail due to uncoordinated efforts. This paper reviews the current profile of the schedule tribes in India and scheduled areas with the intention that the plan development programmes meant for tribal development reach to tribal communities.

The Economic Effects of Infrastructure Development in American Indian Tribal Areas with Low Income and High Unemployment

Some of the worst incidences of poverty in the United States exist in American Indian tribal areas, also known as “Indian Country.” It is the responsibility of the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs, at the U.S. Department of the Interior, to promote policies to facilitate the economic development and growth of Indian Country. One of the key ingredients for such growth is improved infrastructure, especially in the most impoverished areas. This paper will provide guidance to economists and policy analysts, both within and outside of Indian Affairs, on how to develop infrastructure-based strategies for promoting economic growth in Indian Country. The paper presents a macroeconomic model that interrelates infrastructure development with household income and consumption and examines the multiplier effects that result from expanded infrastructure in tribal areas. The model demonstrates that states may easily benefit from supporting tribal infrastructure development, by various spillover effects.

Sustainable Agricultural Development through Value Addition and Linking of Farmers to Markets in Telangana State of India

Sustainable agricultural development can be ensured by empowering smallholder farmers with inclusive business models that enhance their livelihoods. This paper outlines the interventions by International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) in collaboration with Integrated Tribal Development Agency (ITDA), Telangana, to enhance livelihoods of tribal smallholders in Adilabad district of Telangana State, India, by providing value addition opportunities and market linkages. Tiryani, Wankidi and Karameri mandals of Adilabad district of Telangana were selected for the interventions, being some of the most backward regions inhabited by tribals. Data analysis was done using MS Excel software. The interventions focused on providing access to seed, establishing pilot processing units for value addition to pigeon pea, training and capacity building on crop production and handling of processing units and providing market linkages. Efficiency of the processing units and the effect of pre- treatments on milling efficiency was also studied and processing parameters optimized. The interventions helped increase income of farmers by 86 per cent, established two pigeon pea processing units and streamlined the pigeon pea value chain in the region.

Implementation and Acceptance of Tribal Development Program: Status of Bastar

Chhattisgarh has a tribal population of 32.45 percent (Census of India, 2011) [1]. Tribals are concentrated over nearly 65 percent of the states area, and this area covers seven districts entirely and another six districts partly. The state is home to several tribes small, large and even those nearing extinction in numbers and it presents among the most challenging scenario for human development anywhere in the country. Despite all, the Scheduled tribes, since ages, have been victims of socio-economic exploitation and have been relegated to low income generating occupations, inferior trades, unhealthy environment and unclean unskilled occupations and the majority of Scheduled Tribes continue to show socio-economic backwardness while the goals of tribal development has been pursued within the broad framework of overall development. With above background the objective of the study is to find out the status of the implementation objects of government and acceptance status of local tribal people towards tribal development program regarding literacy, educational status, health, women status and cultural protection norms etc. for this purpose both qualitative and quantitative research methods had been followed. The result shows that there is improvement of acceptance of tribal development program but there is still lacking a strong bridge between tribal development program and tribal people of Bastar.

An evaluation of recreational benefits and tribal tourism development for aboriginal villages after post-disaster reconstruction - a case study of Taiwan

ABSTRACTThis study investigates two sites suffering severe damage from typhoon Morakot. It utilizes the travel cost method to measure the average recreational benefits of compensation variation and equivalent variation per person, and it evaluates whether there are causal relationships among tourists’ recreational experiences, perceived values, and revisit intentions. The outcomes demonstrate that most tourists assign high recreational values to natural and socio-cultural resources. However, a further analysis of the tangible benefits indicates that the amount of income received remains low. Tourists have difficulties nurturing an immediate revisit intention here, even when they are satisfied with their experiences.