Development Of Service Trade Research Articles

Research on Innovative Strategies and Practices for Optimizing Guangzhou's Foreign Trade Dependence

The article explores the optimization strategies for Guangzhou's foreign trade dependence, focusing on three major strategies: diversified market layout, innovation-driven development strategy, and coordinated development of service trade and goods trade. It is pointed out that Guangzhou needs to reduce its dependence on a single market by diversifying its market layout, enhance its core competitiveness in foreign trade through implementing an innovation-driven development strategy, and promote the coordinated development of service trade and goods trade to optimize its foreign trade structure and achieve high-quality foreign trade development. The implementation of these strategies will help Guangzhou reduce its foreign trade risks, enhance its international competitiveness, and provide strong support for the sustainable and healthy development of the economy and society.

Can Service Trade Effectively Promote Carbon Emission Reduction?—Evidence from China

Carbon emissions have become a global issue of increasing concern due to their detrimental impact on the environment. Efforts to combat rising emissions have been taken globally. Despite China’s commitment to globalization, policymakers have faced challenges in adequately addressing this pressing issue. This paper aims to fill this gap by exploring a specific aspect of international trade, namely service trade. We theoretically analyzed the impact of service trade on carbon emissions and then empirically examined the impact using panel data from 2009 to 2019 of 30 provincial regions in China. Specifically, a non-linear model was used to capture the direct effect, particularly the potential non-linear relationship; a mediating effect model was applied to investigate the indirect effects; and a panel quantile model was adopted to examine the heterogeneity of the impact across different levels of carbon emissions. The research revealed: (1) The impact of service trade on carbon emissions exhibits a non-linear characteristic with a significant inverted U-shaped relationship being evident, indicating that the development of service trade can ultimately contribute to carbon reduction; (2) service trade can directly impact carbon emissions through its scale effect, while mechanism analysis showed that service trade can indirectly affect carbon emissions through its technological and structural effects, with carbon emission reduction also relying on these mechanisms; (3) There is significant heterogeneity in the impact of service trade on carbon emissions across geographic regions and at different levels of carbon emissions in China.

Impact of Digital Economy on the High-Quality Development of China’s Service Trade

High-quality development of service trade (HDST) is becoming increasingly important for China’s high-quality development (HD). This builds new development patterns and cultivates new competitive advantages. In the digital economy (DE) era, HDST ushers an important opportunity. The use of DE to promote HDST is the focus of China’s current economic development strategy. After theoretical analysis using panel data of 18 sample regions (municipalities, provinces, directly under the central government, and autonomous regions) in China from 2012 to 2021, this study empirically studies the impact and mechanism of DE on HDST. The research results indicate that DE has significantly promoted the HDST in China. Based on its mechanism, the HDST can also be promoted by improving the human capital level. Moreover, compared with the eastern region, DE plays a more significant role in promoting the HDST in the central and western regions. With the opening of the new process of “digital China” construction, DE has played a stronger role in promoting the HDST after 2015. Based on theoretical and empirical analysis, suggestions are put forward to promote the HDST through the development of DE considering three aspects: improve the DE level, promote the coordinated development of regions, and strengthen personnel training, which provides references for relevant departments to formulate policies. For the promotion of HDST in China, this study provides an important reference from the perspective of improving the level of DE.

Position of services and trade in Аfrica and their impact on export diversification

The article provides a detailed assessment of the potential role of services in enhancing export diversification in Africa.In addition, the potential of SMEs (small and medium-sized businesses) in promoting the key role of services in the growth of production and competitiveness is assessed. The author also examines the key factors undermining the eff ectiveness of export diversifi cation and economic transformation in Africa. African exports continue to focus on a narrow range of commodities, but several African countries have achieved a certain level of export diversification over the past decade. The higher the level of development of the service sector, reflected by the variety and quality of services sold, the better the access of domestic firms to competitive key services. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that traditional services, such as travel and transport, dominate the trade in services, covering more than two thirds of the total trade in services. Despite the importance of simplifying production and supply links, traditional services do not have a direct impact on the complexity and diversity of the export basket,which, as can be seen, increases due to services with high knowledge intensity, such as ICT. The development of trade in services promotes inclusive growth by reducing poverty and inequality and contributes to the achievement of the 2063 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals.

How Friendly Diplomatic Relations Promote Bilateral Trade in Digital Services: Empirical Evidence from China's Partnership Diplomacy

How to use diplomacy to promote bilateral digital services trade in the context of politicization of trade issues is a key issue for developing countries to seize digital opportunities to develop their productivity. This paper empirically tests the role of partner diplomacy in promoting the development of inter-country trade in services. The study finds that: (1) the scale of bilateral services trade between China and the host country increases by approximately 13% for each partner level increase in diplomatic relations, and this boosting effect remains robust after considering model changes, changes in explanatory variables and endogeneity issues. (2) The mechanism test finds that the promotion effect of partner diplomacy on bilateral services trade is essentially a trade cost-cutting effect, which is achieved in four forms: trade negotiations, high-level visits, treaty signing and platform building.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE SERVICE SECTOR ON THE STRENGTHENING OF THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE UKRAINIAN ECONOMY IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION PROCESSES

The article examines the impact of the service sector on the competitiveness of the Ukrainian economy. It was found that the influence of the service sector has a direct and indirect nature. It was determined that the direct impact is manifested through the development of international trade in services and the formation of the country’s place in the division of labor. The study of Ukraine’s foreign trade showed much smaller volumes of export of services compared to export of goods. At the same time, it was found that the share of Ukraine in the world markets of services and goods is approximately the same, which made it possible to conclude that the development of international trade in services is promising for strengthening Ukraine’s position on the world stage. Taking into account the trends in the development of world trade in services determined by the WTO, the following vectors for the development of foreign trade in services are proposed: the development of IT services, the growth of tourist services, support for the export of transport services. It was established that the indirect influence is due to the use of services by other sectors of the economy and population. A set of measures to improve the functioning of the service sector is proposed. According to the results of the analysis of Ukraine’s foreign trade and taking into account the data of the World Trade Organization, it can be concluded that the development of international trade in services is a promising direction for strengthening Ukraine’s competitiveness. Despite a significant advantage in the volume of trade in goods over trade in services, Ukraine occupies approximately equal shares in the world markets of goods and services. This testifies to the fierce competition in the product markets, which significantly reduces Ukraine’s ability to effectively compete in them in the near future without technical improvement of the production industries. At the same time, the obtained data allow us to conclude about a much lower level of competition in the service markets. Therefore, the development of the service sector is seen as a way to strengthen Ukraine’s place in the global division of labor. In addition to the direct impact on the competitiveness of the national economy due to the increase in GDP and exports, the creation of new jobs, the service sector has an indirect impact due to the active use of services in the production process. Liberalization of trade in services causes an increase in the competitiveness of other industries in which they are used as input factors of production. In this regard, the development of the service sector as a whole will also have a positive effect and will contribute to increasing the competitiveness of both individual industries and the economy of Ukraine as a whole.

Analysis on the Current Situation and Countermeasures of China's Service Trade Development

Analysis on the Current Situation and Countermeasures of China's Service Trade Development

High-Quality Development of Regional Trade in Services—The Case of Guangxi

High-Quality Development of Regional Trade in Services—The Case of Guangxi

Directions of digital transformation of international trade in services in the context of the global crisis

International trade is an integral part of the economy of any country. In recent decades, the role of various services in the structure of international exchange has increased. Their range is expanding under the influence of the scientifc and technological revolution, which leads to signifcant changes in this area. At the same time, the regimes of international trade in services, as well as approaches to its national and multilateral regulation, are becoming more complex. All areas of activity, including cross-border service provision, are transforming in a rapidly changing world. In the context of the pandemic, the “digit” has become widespread, and the urgency of streamlining and further developing the international exchange of services has increased. Digitalisation, which has become one of the key features of the development of the world economy in the last decade, has accelerated the development of the service sector, but also contributed to the formation of new challenges for the development of trade in services. The digital transformation of international trade is shaping the new “digital realities” of the industry. Statistics from the ofcial regulators of international trade confrm these changes. The paper analyzes the dynamics of changes in international trade in services in the context of the global crisis and the impact of digitalization on it. The article shows how new patterns of international exchange of services are formed in the context of increased economic interdependence of countries.

Research on the Influencing Factors of China's Financial Services Trade Competitiveness

According to data from the National Bureau of Statistics, from 2012 to 2020, China's total financial services exports increased from 11.9 billion yuan to 28.8 billion yuan, but the scale of China's financial services exports is still small, and the international market share is low. Therefore, in-depth study of the competitiveness of China's financial services trade and the identification of factors affecting the competitiveness of financial services trade are of great significance to promoting the development of China's financial services trade. This paper analyzes the current situation of China's financial services trade, discusses the influencing factors of China's financial services trade competitiveness, and finally puts forward policy suggestions based on the analysis results, which is of great reference significance for improving the competitiveness of China's financial service trade and promoting the high-quality development of service trade.

Research on the development path of China's digital trade under the background of the digital economy

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore how the development of digital trade can provide new development prospects to China's foreign trade under the background of the gradual expansion of China's digital economy and the further release of policy dividends.Design/methodology/approachUsing the methods of literature collection and induction, combined with traditional trade theory, this paper analyzes the characteristics and challenges of digital trade under the background of the digital economy.FindingsThe findings reveal that China's digital trade development still faces some risks, such as the containment of China's core technology, digital security and unbalanced development among regions. Considering these risks, China should break through core technical problem, participate in the formulation of international rules to ensure data security, give priority to the development of service trade and improve the unbalanced development of digital trade.Social implicationsBy analyzing the development status and characteristics of the digital economy and digital trade, this paper summarizes the challenges and comparative advantages faced by China's digital trade, and puts forward corresponding suggestions. These suggestions will allow China to take advantage of its rapid digital economy development and occupy a leading position in global digital trade.Originality/valueThis paper creatively expounds on the new development direction of digital trade from the perspective of comparative advantage and risks, and provides some suggestions to expedite China's digital trade development.

ЗОВНІШНЯ ТОРГІВЛЯ КИТАЮ В УМОВАХ ПОЛІТИКИ ЗОВНІШНЬОЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ВІДКРИТОСТІ: ЧИННИКИ ТА НАСЛІДКИ

The article examines the factors and consequences of China's foreign trade in terms of foreign economic openness. It is substantiated that the implementation of the policy of foreign economic openness involves the transfer of the center of gravity from trade in goods to trade in services, closer ties of foreign economic activity with scientific and technological innovations, improving the protection of intellectual property. At the same time, the process of transforming the model of economic growth in China means shifting the attention of government agencies to investment and exports, which previously occupied a leading position, to domestic consumption and innovation. The main factors that contributed to China's gradual rise to the position of "world factory" and its status as a world leader in foreign trade were cheap labor, providing broad benefits to foreign capital, gradually reducing tariff tariffs and easing non-tariff bars for goods from China on the world market after its accession to the WTO, the development of production and export of constantly updated and increasingly technically complex range of products, as well as the rapid increase in the number of foreign eco-nomic relations. It is concluded that, although the country faces the prospect of deteriorating external conditions for foreign economic activity, including the West's negative attitude to the "Made in China – 2025" program and the US-China trade confrontation, China is working on a strategy for further foreign economic development connections. The need to accelerate the transition to new factors in the development of foreign trade and improve its structure, create new comparative advantages in international competitiveness, the transition from rapid growth to quality growth is declared. To do this, the implementation of the course for "five improvements" or optimizations, which includes: the formation of a wider network of trading partners; improving the territorial distribution of foreign trade and investment activities in China itself; technical, institutional, managerial renewal of enterprises – subjects of foreign eco-nomic relations; optimization of the commodity structure of trade, development of products with high added value; improving existing and finding new ways of conducting trade, comprehensive development of trade in services and goods.

Service Industry Opening Up and Service Industry Structural Upgrading

Based on the pilot program for innovative development of trade in services implemented in 2016 as a quasi-natural experiment, this paper takes prefecture-level cities and above cities in China from 2006 to 2019 as samples and uses a double-difference model to evaluate the impact of the opening-up of the service industry on the service industry structural upgrading. The empirical results show that the opening-up has a significant positive impact on the structure-upgrading of the service industry, which improved by 5.5%. The conclusion of this paper is of great significance for further expanding the opening of the service industry and optimizing the structure of China's service industry.

Evaluating the Effect of Digital Transformation on Improvement of Service Trade in West Africa

Digital revolution is instrumental to the wave of globalisation and transformation of the global economy. But the pace of digital transformation and service trade is low in the West African region. This article investigates the effect of digital transformation on the development of service trade in the region. This research captured digitisation in two standpoints: internet penetration rate and mobile subscription rate. The Im-Pesaran-Shin unit-root test affirms that the model is appropriate for panel autoregressive distributed lag estimation method. Adopting pool mean group estimator, the results attest for the existence of cointegrations in the model. The estimations reveal that the effect of digitisation on service trade is a long-run phenomenon. While the result is robust with export, it is not consistent with import. The long-run positive impact of digitisation on service export ranges from 0.087% to 0.159%, depending on the proxy for digitisation. The overall short-run effect is not statistically significant in export and not robust in import. It is reportedly consistent in some countries but not robust with some others. The region needs to rally in adopting and adapting to the new face of technology to improve service trade. JEL Codes: C23, F14, O33

Improving the organizational and economic mechanism for the development of innovative programming services in the region

This article discusses the role of programming services in the development of international trade in services. And issues related to the role and importance of increasing international trade in programming services in achieving employment and ensuring economic well-being were discussed. In order to develop programming services in the future, analyzes were conducted based on social surveys. And on the basis of these statistical analyzes, econometric models of forecasting the development of international trade in programming services were constructed and the results were obtained.

ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN TRADE IN SERVICES RELATED TO TOURISM AND TRAVEL IN THE EU

Objective. The objective of the article is to highlight the key trends in the development of foreign trade in services related to tourism and travel in the EU countries. Methods. To achieve the set tasks and goals, the following research methods are used in the work: systematic and complex analysis, computational and analytical (to identify key trends in the development of foreign trade in services related to tourism and travel in the EU), graphic and tabular methods (for visualization of statistical material). Results. The main principles of the EU tourism policy are outlined, aimed at maintaining Europe’s position as a leading tourist destination while maximizing the industry’s contribution to growth and employment, as well as promoting cooperation between EU countries, in particular through the exchange of best practices. The analysis of foreign trade in services related to tourism and travel in 2016–2018 in the EU countries, using the data of the UN Conference on Trade and Development, the World Trade Organization, the World Tourism Organization, revealed the key trends, namely: 1) key exporters of services related to tourism and travel in the EU are Spain, France, Great Britain, Italy, and Germany; 2) the largest increase in the volume of exports of services related to tourism and travel in the EU countries was recorded in Romania, Portugal, Finland, Slovenia, and Poland; 3) the leaders among the countries-importers of services related to tourism and travel in the EU are Germany, Great Britain, France, Italy, and Spain; 4) the largest increase in the volume of imports of services related to tourism and travel in the EU countries was recorded in Romania, Croatia, Bulgaria, Spain, and Cyprus; 5) EU countries that dominate in foreign trade turnover of services related to tourism and travel are Germany, Great Britain, France, Spain, Italy; 6) the largest positive balance of foreign trade in services related to tourism and travel among the EU countries was recorded in Spain, Italy, France, Portugal, and Austria; 7) the largest negative balance of foreign trade in services related to tourism and travel among the EU countries was recorded in Sweden, the Netherlands, Belgium, the United Kingdom, and Germany.

An realistic study on the assessment system of international competitiveness of service trade using fuzzy-analytic network process

The Belt and Road (abbreviated as B&R) creates opportunities for the economy and trade development and the improvement of national relations of the Belt and Road countries. Development of service trade plays an important role in the Belt and Road. Henan Province takes the opportunity of B&R to develop the international service industry and makes some achievements. In the new era of development, analyzing the trade competitiveness of international service in Henan Province under the background of the Belt and Road is of great significance to help Henan Province recognize its own strengths and weaknesses in service trade development and make targeted improvements. Studies have shown that the share of international market, revealed, advantages of comparative competitiveness trade and service trade openness of service trade in Henan Province under the background of the Belt and Road are constantly improving, but the overall development level is still low and slow development occurs. We utilize the concept of fuzzy embedded along with Analytic Network Process (ANP) which makes it suitable for managing vagueness of the linguistics information of assessment system. Therefore, in order to further improve the international competitiveness of service trade in Henan Province, it is necessary to optimize the international market share, competitiveness, and degree of openness. Specifically, it is necessary to transform and upgrade the traditional service trade industry, continue to expand the breadth and depth of service trade openness, strengthen the talent team building to improve the quality of employees, and promote the brand construction of service industry to enhance the industry’s development potential.

ВПЛИВ ПАНДЕМІЇ КОРОНАВІРУСУ НА МІЖНАРОДНУ ТОРГІВЛЮ ПОСЛУГАМИ

The article examines the features of the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on international trade in services. International trade in services is an area that is developing extremely dynamically, in particular, there is a trend of informatization of services and their virtualization. Increasingly, the provision of services is becoming cross-border and taking place in cyberspace due to the development of information and telecommunications. The current state of peculiarities of Ukraine's foreign trade relations in the sphere of services is revealed. A characteristic aspect of international trade is the extraordinary development in the context of globalization and integration processes. The problematic aspects of the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on international trade in services are highlighted. It is determined that the study of the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on international trade in services is especially relevant. It is determined that international trade in services is an area that is developing extremely dynamically, and under the influence of the coronavirus pandemic, in 2020 there was a sharp decline in international trade, the most significant decline occurred in the second quarter of 2020. Ukraine’s position on the world market as a competitive entity that needs to strengthen and improve its position on international trade in services is highlighted. Important factors that influence the development of international trade in services are described. It has been determined that trade in services can be considered a component of world trade, which is most affected by the coronavirus due to the establishment of transport and tourism restrictions, the closure of many retail outlets and hotels. It is considered how individual entrepreneurs try to continue to work in quarantine without violating it, and rise in the field of online services. It has been determined that in Ukraine, ill-considered steps by the authorities through the coronavirus could trigger a social explosion among workers in the service sector and other industries, which will have much more devastating consequences for Ukraine than a pandemic. The forecasts for the recovery of Ukraine after the COVID-19 pandemic are described.

The Innovative Development Strategy of Service Trade in Wuhan Based on SWOT Analysis In the Context of Sino-US Trade Friction and The COVID-19 Pandemic

The negative impact of Sino-US trade friction on China and Wuhan’s economy, politics, trade and many other fields is extensive and profound, and the COVID-19’s outbreak has exacerbated this impact. Under these circumstances, this paper analyzes the strategic situation of Wuhan’s service trade based on SWOT analysis. Accordingly, this paper puts forward countermeasures for the innovative development of service trade in Wuhan.

Ukrainian-Polish trade and economic relations in modern conditions

The main directions of development of Ukrainian-Polish trade relations are considered in the article. The positive and negative effects of cross-border cooperation in trade and investment are substantiated, as well as a number of recommendations for building mutually beneficial relations on the basis of national interests.The purpose of this article is to assess the Ukrainian-Polish trade and economic relations in modern conditions in order to form scientifically sound recommendations for the development of mutually beneficial cross-border cooperation, taking into account national interests.Research methods. Methods of scientific analysis are used in the critical assessment of the concept of free market and free trade; comparison in the study of the dynamics of Ukrainian-Polish trade relations; graphical method for displaying and comparing trade in goods and services and investment between Poland and Ukraine; method of generalization in the development of proposals to improve the efficiency of cross-border trade and investment between countries, taking into account national characteristics and interests.Results. An assessment of Ukrainian-Polish trade and economic relations over the past ten years is given. It is proved that Ukrainian-Polish relations in the field of trade in goods do not have significant benefits for the Ukrainian economy, as their balance is negative during the period under study. Emphasis is placed on mutual exits in the field of trade in services, where the Polish side actively uses Ukrainian enterprises to order services for processing material resources through cheap labor, which stimulates the inflow of funds into Ukrainian business, job creation and more. There is a significant predominance of Polish investment in the national economy over Ukrainian investment in the Polish economy, due to the higher development of the Polish economy and interest in building branches and subsidiaries of Polish enterprises.A number of measures have been proposed to increase the economic complexity of the domestic economy in order to increase technological exports to Poland and equalize the trade balance between the countries; the directions of development of trade in services (in particular medical services in the conditions of COVID-19), as well as measures to increase the volume of Polish investment are substantiated.