Development Of Territorial Units Research Articles

Assessment of the Impact of Cloud Technologies on Social Life in the Era of Digitalization

<span lang="EN-US">Due to the expansion of new digital trends in the strategic development of territorial units, it became necessary to structure the socio-economic effects from the introduction of innovative technologies grounded on cloud computing. Realized the identification of cloud technologies impact on the social life in the era of digitalization, an online conference was held between representatives of government, business, science, and education of the Republics of Karelia, Komi, Adygea, Dagestan, Ingushetia, Kalmykia, Karachay-Cherkessia, Krasnodar Krai and Stavropol Krai (Russian Federation). In the context of innovative possibilities of platform economy, in discussion were identified the key effects of the cloud solutions implementation in the Russian Federation regions development prospect strategy. Namely, development of social and human capital, improvement of the quality and standard of living in a region, improvement of social interaction, development of social constructivism, economic potential, and competitiveness of social capital. It has been reported that the positive social effects of cloud technologies at the level of a territorial unit are achieved by increasing digital literacy of the population and opening up new opportunities and platforms for social interaction and constructivism; providing the population with convenient services and open data for participation in active social, economic and political life. Cloud technologies help to form a digital educational environment, modernize educational programs for the preparation of high-quality labor resources, develop digital infrastructure of individual settlements, create user content to preserve socio-cultural identity, and popularize a region in the global information space. Revealed that the possibilities of cloud technologies increase the population quality of living and ensure the growth of the efficiency and productivity indicators of labor resources. The listed above are achieved by expanding the marketing capabilities of business structures, providing them with new business models and digital services; optimization of resource management, digitization of business processes, and platform organization of labor. The capabilities of cloud solutions allow for the formation of flexible and effective interregional and international cooperation in a region, having a positive impact on regional economy and social capital development.</span>

Social Trust as a Development Factor – Selected Aspects

Abstract The aim of the article is to present selected relationships between social trust and the development of a territorial unit. Social trust affects the level of cooperation in society and decides about the competitiveness of a territorial unit [12, p. 7]. The main thesis of the article is the author’s conviction that there is a significant correlation between social trust and the activity of citizens, the consequence of which is the development of territorial units. This relationship applies to different categories of units, the article mainly focuses on municipal units. The conclusions presented are a consequence of the analysis of information sources and surveys carried out in three cities: Cracow, Helsinki and Valletta. The socio-economic situation of Poland, Finland and Malta is varied, also due to historical and political conditions. Social trust in these cities depends on different factors. Everywhere, however, significantly affects the direction of urban development, accelerating and stabilising it. Trust is a component of social capital, which translates into the ability to build an innovative and modern economy. In countries where citizens trust each other, a sense of security increases which significantly affects well-being.

Main Tendencies and Challenges of Project Management In local Self-Governments

The article examines topical issues of work on projects and their implementation in local government bodies, analyzes the existing practice and the current situation. The study analyzes the legal basis for attracting budget funds for the development of local self-government, the procedure for preparing project applications, interaction with donor organizations and partners, as well as problems and opportunities in this area. The emphasis is on such aspects as the selection of projects for the competition, the role of the project manager in preparing a high-quality project proposal, the possibility of cooperation with NGOs, the presence of a team, the cooperation of municipalities, villages, communities, and communities in the preparation and implementation of joint projects. The analysis of the current situation, dynamics, and main trends in the development of project activities in local government bodies was carried out; the experience of cities and villages is compared. The main attention is paid to the prospects for the development of territorial units, potential areas of project activities. The author notes that one of the main obstacles to the successful work of the project in local governments is the lack of human resources and experienced specialists. The author focuses on the need for constant practical work and support from external experts who can advise and improve the qualifications of project management specialists. Keywords: decentralization, project management, local government, donors, projects.

Main Tendencies and Challenges of Project Management In local Self-Governments

The article examines topical issues of work on projects and their implementation in local government bodies, analyzes the existing practice and the current situation. The study analyzes the legal basis for attracting budget funds for the development of local self-government, the procedure for preparing project applications, interaction with donor organizations and partners, as well as problems and opportunities in this area. The emphasis is on such aspects as the selection of projects for the competition, the role of the project manager in preparing a high-quality project proposal, the possibility of cooperation with NGOs, the presence of a team, the cooperation of municipalities, villages, communities, and communities in the preparation and implementation of joint projects. The analysis of the current situation, dynamics, and main trends in the development of project activities in local government bodies was carried out; the experience of cities and villages is compared. The main attention is paid to the prospects for the development of territorial units, potential areas of project activities. The author notes that one of the main obstacles to the successful work of the project in local governments is the lack of human resources and experienced specialists. The author focuses on the need for constant practical work and support from external experts who can advise and improve the qualifications of project management specialists. Keywords: decentralization, project management, local government, donors, projects.

Wykorzystanie partnerstwa publiczno‑prywatnego w realizacji inwestycji samorządowych

Włączenie partnerów prywatnych do realizacji zadań publicznych przyczynia się przede wszystkim do zwiększenia efektywności gospodarowania w sektorze publicznym oraz przyspieszenia rozwoju jednostek terytorialnych. Partnerstwo publiczno-prywatne (PPP) jest narzędziem wspomagającym rozwój infrastrukturalny, przy jednoczesnym ograniczaniu wielkości wydatków publicznych. Od początku 2009 r., w którym zawarto pierwsze umowy w formule PPP, głównymi inicjatorami projektów pozostają jednostki samorządu terytorialnego. Celem artykułu jest ocena wykorzystania partnerstwa publiczno-prywatnego w Polsce w latach 2009–2019. W artykule zwrócono również uwagę na bariery, które ograniczają rynek PPP w Polsce. Inicjatorem PPP w Polsce są przede wszystkim samorządy szczebla lokalnego, które realizowały najwięcej projektów w dziedzinie infrastruktury transportowej. Najbardziej aktywne były podmioty publiczne położone w regionach najlepiej rozwiniętych gospodarczo. Bariery, które ograniczają rynek PPP, występują najczęściej w obszarze: instytucjonalnym, finansowym, prawnym, postawy oraz wiedzy i umiejętności. W przezwyciężaniu barier niezbędne jest zwiększanie wiedzy w zakresie projektów PPP w celu upowszechnienia współpracy publiczno-prywatnej jako nowoczesnego sposobu realizacji zadań publicznych.

Data mining of sustainable development process with using nightlight indicators

The object of research is the process of sustainable development of territorial units on the example of the regions of Ukraine. The concept of sustainable development has become a leading development strategy for most countries in the world. One of the biggest challenges is the availability of complete and verified data for sustainable development assessment models. The method used to calculate the index of sustainable development, developed in the World Data Center for Geoinformatics and Sustainable Development of the National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute». This methodology is based on calculating the metric of the index of sustainable development based on measurements of the quality of life of the population and the components of the safety of living for individual countries and regions. For the application of the methodology at the regional level, it was suggested to use information on the night lighting of the territory received by means of remote sensing of the Earth from satellites. The character and cohesiveness of the connection between the brightness of night lighting and indicators of sustainable development are studied. It is established that the most significant link exists between indicators of the economic development index, the index of influence on climate change and night lighting of the regions of Ukraine. Based on geographic information analysis of ArcGIS software, ESRI has applied statistical zoning tools that provide opportunities for statistical processing of satellite images within the regionally or regionally allocated areas.On the basis of the mathematical apparatus of the intellectual data analysis, a global and local regression analysis of the relationships between the revealed indicators was carried out. Consideration of the cramped nature of this connection in the territorial section revealed areas with varying degrees of close ties, which is explained by the peculiarities of the socio-economic development of the territories. Due to this, it is possible to obtain the calculation of similar indicators at more detailed territorial levels, corresponding to separate regions or cities of regional significance.

Фінансове регулювання розвитку територіальних утворень: методи та інструменти

Досліджено проблему фінансового забезпечення соціального, економічного та екологічного розвитку територіальних громад України в умовах децентралізації влади; запропоновано нові підходи до визначення взаємовідносин державного бюджету з місцевими бюджетами; визначено джерела фінансових ресурсів території та проаналізовано можливості їх залучення; здійснено огляд наукових підходів українських вчених-економістів щодо класифікації джерел фінансового забезпечення територіальних громад; доведено що вирішальна роль у забезпеченні розвитку територіальних утворень належить державі та її соціально-економічній політиці щодо збалансованого розвитку економічно відсталих та слаборозвинених територій. Досліджено сучасний інструментарій фінансового регулювання розвитку територіальних утворень в умовах децентралізації; проведено класифікацію інструментів фінансового забезпечення розвитку територій на бюджетні та позабюджетні; обґрунтовано необхідність залучення додаткових джерел фінансових ресурсів у територіальні утворення; розроблено механізми залучення потенціалу фінансово-кредитних установ території, фондового та страхового ринків для фінансування програм регіонального розвитку; розроблено механізм залучення інвестиційних ресурсів для фінансування програм регіонального розвитку; запропоновано ефективні методи формування, розподілу і перерозподілу фінансової бази регіону; систематизовано кількісні та якісні параметри фінансового забезпечення збалансованого розвитку.

Development of municipal-private partnership in the system of municipal crediting of Ukraine

The object of research is the processes of formation and development of municipal-private partnership (MPP) in the system of communal lending in Ukraine. One of the most problematic places of the object of study is the lack of a unified definition of MPP in the scientific economic literature and current legislation. In the course of the study, general scientific and special methods are used, namely: abstract-logical to generalize the theoretical foundations of the emergence and development of MPP; analysis, synthesis, logical generalization to substantiate the prerequisites for development, the subject-objective characteristics of MPP, the means of increasing the effectiveness of such a partnership. Systematization of the conceptual and categorical apparatus with respect to the definition of the MPP essence allows to conclude that there is no single definition in the scientific literature. The author has provided his own MPP interpretation as a tool to ensure the development of long-term mutually beneficial cooperation of local governments with business structures and the public. With the help of MPP, a policy of regional and municipal socio-economic development is being implemented, and infrastructure and other projects that are socially important for the development of territorial units are co-financed.A systematic analysis of the problems of the development of small private entrepreneurship in Ukraine allowed to justify the direction of their elimination. The obtained results allow to determine the specific features of the MPP and its distinctive features from the state-private partnership (SPP). It is established that attracting private investors requires the development of an appropriate regulatory framework, restoring confidence in the instruments of local loans and the activities of local governments. To do this, it is necessary to ensure the openness and transparency of the MPP implementation projects by creating online platforms through which private investors can receive the necessary information. The construction of the scheme of the constituent elements of the MPP functioning allows to establish the subject-object composition, to determine the prerequisites for the development of such a partnership and its effectiveness. Thanks to this, it is possible to obtain a budgetary, social, environmental effect at the level of administrative-territorial units and the development of a system of communal lending in Ukraine.

Information infrastructure as a pillar of the knowledge-based economy ? an analysis of regional differentiation in Poland

Research background: Information infrastructure is a very important pillar within a knowledge-based economy. The widespread use of information and communication technologies facilitates effective communication, dissemination and processing of information and knowledge. It also creates new opportunities for the effective use of knowledge and information in building competitive advantage. Information infrastructure is also a significant determinant in the development of territorial units, and therefore it affects the regional dimension of building the knowledge-based economy in Poland.
 Purpose of the article: The purpose of the study was to evaluate regional differentiation of the level of information infrastructure in Poland, and changes which occurred in this respect between 2010 and 2015. An attempt was made to provide an answer to the following question: Are regional differences in the level of information infrastructure in Poland increasing or decreasing, i.e. is a regional divergence or a regional convergence process taking place in this respect?
 Methods: Taxonomic methods were used, including linear ordering based on a synthetic variable and a method of grouping linearly-ordered objects.
 Findings & Value added: The regional differentiation of the level of information infra-structure in Poland has slightly decreased, which means, that a slow convergence process has taken place in this respect. This fact is confirmed by the value of the variation coefficient, which fell from a level of 17.6% in 2010 to a level of 14.4% in 2015. Convergence processes were observed in twelve provinces. In the case of seven of them, they had the nature of a catching-up effect, and in the case of the remaining five ? a lagging-behind effect. Divergence processes were observed in four provinces. The Dolnośląskie and Mazowieckie Provinces distanced themselves from other areas of the country. In the Małopolskie and Opolskie Provinces a marginalisation effect was observed.

Problems of Evaluation of Temporary Employment’s Influence on Injuries and Occupational Diseases

In the article special attention is paid to the problems of estimating the effect of temporary employment on injuries and occupational diseases. The purpose of the research is to form theoretical and methodological basis for assessing the impact of temporary and informal employment in its broad sense on the level of occupational safety to study the connection between the nature of employment and high risk of injury in the workplace. Various definitions of temporary employment and concepts related to this term are analyzed, which are often used in scientific research. The main characteristics of concepts such as temporary employment, informal economy, informal sector, informal employment, conditional employment are considered. It is substantiated that statistical observation of informal employment is important not only for the improvement of employment policy and statistics of national accounts, but also for the formulation and implementation of labor protection programs, poverty reduction, promotion of small and medium enterprises, productivity growth and socio-economic development of territorial units, creating new jobs. The analysis of the organization of labor and the state of labor markets by countries of the world based on indicators of under-utilization of labor force is carried out. The tendencies of changes in the share of workers with temporary employment by the countries of the world and the changes in the organization of labor influence the labor protection are analyzed. Risk factors that distinguish the work of temporary workers from other types of employment are identified and analyzed, as well as factors that explain the causes of lower levels of occupational safety among temporary employees. The peculiarities of the research of temporary agency workers are determined. It is proved that the lack of mechanisms for monitoring the necessary aspects of the functioning of the labor market impedes the work of regulators, law enforcement agencies and politicians who, in the case of availability of relevant information, can act to strengthen national labor safety standards.

VÝVOJ INOVAČNÍCH AKTIVIT V RÁMCI VYBRANÝCH KRAJŮ ČR

The level of development of the company itself is very closely linked to the evolution of the business environment and therefore it is essential that business practice to pay attention not only to work with innovative potential, but the actual design and practical use of innovations. Use of innovative potential and creating innovation plays currently one of the important roles not only for performance management of individual enterprises, but also plays a key role in the development of territorial units. The article deals with the development of selected innovative activities (number of patent applications filed, export high-tech goods and services, the amount of total spending on research and development) within the selected territorial units of the Czech Republic.

Estimation of Uneven Development of Lithuanian Regions

The researchers have aimed to analyse the processes of divergent development of Lithuanian regions by estimating the basic parameters of the process of interregional stratification. We have carried out an estimation of the process of differentiation using three parameters: per capita gross regional product (further GRP), per worker GRP and per capita foreign direct investment (further FDI) in a separate region. Using these indicators and the economic classical con vergence-divergence approaches of analysis, the principal dimensions of the unequal development of territorial units in Lithuania have been assessed.