Development Of Technological Capabilities Research Articles

Successful collaboration leads to effective technology transfer at Hero MotoCorp, Ltd.

After a quarter‐century of collaboration with Honda Motors of Japan, Hero MotoCorp, Ltd., a motorcycle and scooter manufacturer based in New Delhi, India, went on to dominate its domestic market and become the world's largest maker of two‐wheel vehicles. A qualitative study based on interviews with 32 executives at the firm reveals the crucial role of strategic management of technology and mutual trust in building a productive and rewarding partnership. Focusing on the elements of long‐term success, it highlights the importance of indigenization, vendor development, and continuous refinement of technological capabilities while still in the collaborative phase. The lessons learned from the manufacturer's experience can guide other organizational leaders in designing effective technology management strategies before, during, and after a joint venture.

Going Revolutionary: The Impact of 4IR Technology Development on Firm Performance

Drawing on the knowledge-based view of the firm, we investigate whether firm performance is related to the accumulated stock of technological knowledge associated with the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), and what contextual factors affect this relationship. We test our research questions on a longitudinal matched patent-firm data set on large firms filing 4IR patents at the European Patent Office (EPO). Our results, which control for a large number of patent- and firm-level variables as well as firm fixed unobserved heterogeneity, show a significant and economically relevant positive association between the development of 4IR technologies and firm productivity. However, no significant relationship with firm profitability is detected, thereby suggesting that the returns from 4IR technological developments are slow to cash in. We also find that late innovators benefit more from the development of 4IR technological capabilities than early innovators and experience a substantial “boost effect”. We provide empirical support to an explanation of these findings in terms of the ability of late innovators to (i) manage the inherent complexity of the bundle of technologies comprising the 4IR and (ii) exploit profitable downstream applications of the 4IR.

Technological Entrepreneurship And Dynamic Entrepreneurial Capabilities In Indian IT Industry

Entrepreneurship acts as a pillar for the economic prosperity of a nation as it leads to generation of employment contribution in national income, rural development, industrialization, technological development, export promotion etc. Technological Entrepreneurship (TE) is an important way to commercialize technological innovations and offers unique development opportunities for societies to educate and grow. Technology development and entrepreneurial capabilities spirit fuels growth of the nation. Dynamic entrepreneurial capability is to examine how a small entrepreneurial firm can achieve successful product innovation and technology change by substituting the traditional drivers for innovation, such as patenting capabilities, in-house research and development and expert human capital with a new type of higher order capabilities, peculiar to entrepreneurial and small and medium-sized enterprises settings, which we state as dynamic entrepreneurial capabilities. The dynamic entrepreneurial capabilities of Indian IT industry has built valuable brand equity for itself in the global markets. The IT industry achieved a major breakthrough in the 1990s and is now one of the important industries of India. Its vast reservoir of dynamic technological entrepreneurial capabilities transformed India into a super power. The main purpose of this paper is to study about Technological Entrepreneurship in India and dynamic entrepreneurial capabilities in Indian IT industry.

Technological capability building in Iranian biosimilar industry

The development of technological capability plays a strategic role in industrialisation and catchup in developing countries. However, the emergence of new technologies, coupled with industries' ever-shifting business models, has affected the processes and factors critical to the formation of technological capability. In this context, the present study seeks to investigate the pattern of technological capability building in the Iranian firms to the emergence of the biosimilar sector in the pharmaceutical market. Drawing on a case study strategy, the findings reveal that the path of capability evolution in Iranian firms is shaped by a gradual movement towards acquiring biosimilar capabilities. This paper also shows that firms relying on a combination of indigenous research and development as well as technological collaborations make most progress in the capability building. Furthermore, scientific collaborations with research institutes, hiring experts in biotechnology and organisational capability development are key strategies contributing to the accumulation of technological capabilities in Iranian biosimilar firms.

Pre-investment quantitative assessment of the geological risk of the development of coal deposits

The article analyzes the main goals, objectives, and directions of modeling and optimization of technological processes and construction industry. The basic tasks and factors of organizational and technological modeling of the construction industry, as well as their influence on the change in production volumes, labor productivity growth and the efficiency of construction enterprises have been determined. The main directions of optimization of technological processes and construction are formulated on the basis of modernization and development of production and technological capabilities of construction enterprises.

Basic factors of modeling and optimization of technological processes of construction production

The article analyzes the main goals, objectives, directions of modeling and optimization of technological processes of construction production. The basic tasks and factors of organizational and technological modeling of construction industry, as well as their influence on the change in production volumes, labor productivity growth and the efficiency of construction enterprises have been determined. The main directions of optimization of technological processes of construction production are formulated based on the modernization and development of production and technological capabilities of construction enterprises.

Indonesian contractor technological learning mechanism and its considerations

The construction industry faces considerable challenges both in terms of rising construction capitalization and increasingly stringent consumer demand for project quality and costs. This challenge needs to be addressed appropriately by the contractor as an important actor who is directly in contact with the construction production process. Through mastery of technology, contractors are expected to overcome these challenges. The process of mastering technology is part of the contractor’s effort in improving its technological capabilities through technological learning. This study aims to obtain the latest information related to the mechanism carried out by contractors in the process of mastering technology and the considerations taken. This research was conducted through a survey on contractors whom operating in Indonesia. Respondents were given questions to choose the mechanism they used from 32 mechanisms that had been identified by previous researchers, which were grouped into 3 groups, import, internal, and collaboration. The results showed a difference between the contractor groups (all contractor, large contractor, and medium contractor). The mechanism that is commonly used is by introducing a formal Quality Management system; documenting and analyzing all data and information related to project acquisition and project implementation; and participating in technology exhibitions. The results of this study will become worthwhile information for the government in formulating policy to improve the performance of contractors and as a further part in the effort to map the pattern of technological capability development carried out by Indonesian contractors.

Innovation capabilities in the food processing industry in Brazil

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the innovation performance of food companies from Brazil with regards to four innovation capabilities. Design/methodology/approach A research study was carried out on a sample of 120 Brazilian food companies. A conceptual framework of innovation capability was adopted to estimate the relationship between development capability, operations capability, management capability, transaction capability and the innovation performance of food companies. The empirical test was made with partial least squares analysis. Findings Results revealed that development capability and transaction capability have a substantive impact on the innovative performance of firms, while the findings indicated neither operations capability nor management capability was significantly related to the innovation performance of firms. Practical implications If innovations are considered one of the major sources of profitability for the firm, the findings of this study indicate ways to improve food companies in this issue. According to the results, efforts directed to technology development capability and transaction capability can significantly impact for the innovation performance. Originality/value Considering the overall manufacturing industry from Brazil, the food industry represents the biggest in economic and social impact for the nation. This quantitative empirical study fills an important gap in research by discussing innovation in an industry with a strategic role in the development of the country and to attend the global demand by food.

A Study on Technology Development Performance and Technology Commercialization Performance According to the Technology Development Capability of SMEs Focusing on a Comparative Analysis of Technology Business Groups

Recently, a lot of small- and mid-sized companies have emerged through continuous technological development and start-up successes despite insufficient scales and resources compared to medium companies or conglomerates in fierce market competition. Technological development capability, which is required to acquire, select, or utilize source technology for company competitiveness, becomes the competitive edge and key capability to gain distinctiveness. Accordingly, the objective of this research was to investigate the influential factors on performance by suggesting technological development results and technology commercialization as the outcome of technological development capability and to identify the capability required for successful technological development performance and technology commercialization for companies through previous academic research. Moreover, the study aimed to investigate performance differences according to technology business groups by dividing the groups into high-technology companies, medium-technology companies, and low-technology companies. As a result of the analysis, among the indicators constituting technological development capability, manpower in technological development and technological development-specialized research centers had a positive influence on the product competitiveness of technological development performance. Also, technological development expenses and technology skill levels were verified to have positive impacts on the technology competitiveness of technological development performance. As for technology commercialization performance, the more manpower that is in research and development, the higher the sales amounts by technological development; also, the higher the technology skill levels, the higher the export amounts by technological development. Moreover, technology business groups had differences in performance. This research has significance in focusing on the influence of the technological development capability of companies on technological development performance and technology commercialization performance. Future research is expected to draw new variations different from the analysis results from existing studies by setting variations, investigating complementary relationships among variations in detail, and utilizing statistical techniques that can control mutual relationships among variations.

Intellectual capital and technological dynamic capability: evidence from Chinese enterprises

PurposeAs the carrier of knowledge, intellectual capital plays a crucial role in technology capability. However, most of the previous studies focus on technological capability from a static perspective, rather than take dynamic technology capability into consideration. Based on this research gap, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of intellectual capital and its sub-dimensions on dynamic technology capability, measuring by the factor scores of five technological input and output variables.Design/methodology/approachThe authors combine the system dynamic method and empirical study to guarantee the internal and external validity. Specifically, the authors design the system dynamic model and simulation to analyze the system mechanism of intellectual capital and its sub-dimensions on dynamic technology capabilities from four cause and effect feedback loops. Then, the authors propose eight hypotheses based on this system dynamic model. In the empirical test phase, the authors employed a panel data set pertaining to Chinese manufacturing firms from 2007 to 2017, and adopted the fixed effect panel model according to Hausman test.FindingsThe authors find that intellectual capital efficiency (ICE) and its sub-dimensions (i.e. human capital efficiency, organizational capital efficiency and capital employed efficiency (CEE) have significantly positive impacts on dynamic technology capability. The results also show that the positive effects of ICE and OC on dynamic technology capability would be strengthened in state-owned enterprises compared with non-state-owned enterprises, while this moderation effect is weakened on the relationship between CEE and dynamic technology capability.Originality/valueIn this study, the authors first introduce the system dynamic method to explore the relationship of intellectual capital and dynamic technology capability, which is a valuable trial on combining system science and empirical study. Additionally, the authors continue to expand the dynamic technology capability from the intellectual capital perspective, and also find the moderating effect from the ownership aspect. It is beneficial to the theoretical development of intellectual capital and dynamic technology capability. Furthermore, the authors provide significant inspirations and implications for enterprise’s managers.

Technological Capacities and Exports Performance: The Case of Brazilian Football Clubs

Objetivo do estudo: analisar a relação entre capacidades tecnológicas e desempenho na integração em Cadeias Globais de Valor, de forma a investigar quais combinações de capacidades tecnológicas conduzem a integrações bem-sucedidas de empresas em Cadeias Globais de Valor. Metodologia: Inicialmente forma coletados de exportação de jogadores, entre 2006 e 2016, de futebol dos 20 clubes presentes no campeonato brasileiro de 2016. Posteriormente foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com 5 profissionais especializados em futebol. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio da Análise Qualitativa Comparativa (fs-QCA). Originalidade / Relevância: Estudos apresentam desde as trajetórias que levam ao desenvolvimento de capacidades tecnológicas e a promoção da internacionalização de empresas. Entretanto, não foram encontradas pesquisas desenvolvessem modelos configuracionais dessas capacidades e da integração de empresas em cadeias globais de valor. Em complemento, outros estudos analisam a relação entre acesso a conhecimento e vínculos internacionais, mas não desenvolveram uma relação clara entre o desenvolvimento desses vínculos e capacidades tecnológicas. Principais resultados: Verifica-se que Marketing Internacional é condição necessária para que haja integração bem-sucedida em Cadeias Globais de Valor. Bem como, a conjunção deste fator com Planejamento do Desenvolvimento de Jogadores ou Infraestrutura ou Equipe de Profissionais formam três caminhos que ampliam a possibilidade do sucesso na integração. Contribuições teóricas: A principal contribuição da pesquisa é expansão da teoria de capacidade tecnológicas, por meio da adequação das funções apresentadas na Matriz de Capacidades para um novo setor. Outra contribuição é a evidência da relação entre as capacidades destacadas e o desempenho exportador.

Digital Health Care and the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

We live in a world where big medical data are being compiled. Many people make use of biometric information gathered by a variety of health care devices linked to smartphones, such as Fitbit devices. In addition, the development of medical information management schemes and the introduction of health information systems have greatly increased the possibility of using medical records stored in medical institutions. With the development of sensor technology and analytical capabilities, we have gained new knowledge through big data, stemming from the collection of data that was not important in the current medical area. Digital health care is moving toward creating value while creating utility as well based on data collected beyond the level of those collected by sensors. Only organizations that have quickly entered the market and accumulated data and have already developed advanced algorithms based on the data can be competitive. However, digital health care companies that survive in the market will lead the change and will reorganize the health care sector. In addition, a big data-based health care platform can help increase the number of e-patients through patient participation.

A Precise Implementation of Random Access Time Measurement for Embedded SRAM

With the development of semiconductor process technology and circuit design capabilities, operating frequency of random access memory has been improved dramatically. Accurate measurement of embedded memory random access time is becoming a challenge, especially for low-density embedded memory. Traditional timing measurement which connects the external ports directly to the internal ports of memory is not feasible for its low efficiency and very low precision. A new method which applied the built-in test circuit to memory access timing measurement is presented in this paper. With high-speed static random access memory testing chip fabricated with 28 nm logic process, the proposed access timing measurement circuit has been verified and proved to be accurate.

Role of production in fostering innovation

This paper investigates whether production capabilities fostered the development of new technological capabilities at the national level. The authors adopt the concept of ‘product space’ and ‘technology space’ for network analysis, and analyze whether the current production capability in related technologies influences the future technological capability. The main comparative analysis is based on export data and international patent data from 1980 to 2005, and ALP (Algorithmic Links with Probabilities) concordance to link production and innovation. The results show that past production advantages of a country plays a significant role in the emergence of new technological advantages. This finding suggests that current production capability provides evolution paths not only to new products, but also to technological innovations.

Technological Capabilities of Mill Operators in Palm Oil Processing Enterprise in Anambra State, Nigeria

The study examined the technological capabilities of mill operators in palm oil processing enterprise in Anambra State. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select three agricultural zones and a total sample of 48 mill owners/operators, respectively. Data were collected using modified enterprise level interview schedule and analyzed using percentage, mean score and factor analysis. The findings revealed that the majority (87.4%) of mill operators operated semi-automated oil mill system, had digester (97.9%), had no capability in terms of investment in equipment (75%), had no investment capability in human resource development (89.6%), acquired production (97.9%) and linkage (95.8%) capabilities. Lack of manpower ( x = 3.19), market forces ( x = 3.35), poor remunerations/profit ( x = 2.69), lack of interactions ( x = 3.42), seasonal scarcity of fruits ( x = 3.54) and lack of fund for business expansion ( x = 3.56) were the constraints to technological capabilities of the mill owners/operators. However, manpower, technical, personnel and infrastructural related factors influenced the development of technological capabilities of mill operators. Extension should liaise with oil palm processors for the dissemination of information on the existing new technologies, tools and knowledge in oil palm processing to minimize the drudgery in oil palm processing. Keywords : Technological capabilities, palm oil, mill operators

Putting the war out of law. The problem of peace in international relations before and after the First World War

For centuries, conducting war was regarded as one of the most important attributes of state sovereignty. With the development of international relations, technology and human capabilities, which repeatedly led the fate of humanity to the end, the approach to the conduct of war as foreign policy began to evolve into a pacifist outlook. The achievement of the moment of 1928 was when the Brianda-Kellog Pact was for the first time enacted, and an absolute prohibition of aggressive warfare was preceded by stages in which the states formed, in small steps, the awareness of the need to change their approach to war. The very fact of introducing its prohibition did not save the world from the outbreakof World War II, but it allowed the prosecution of war criminals, and forever changed the approach to war. Since then, although the world is not free from armed conflict, the states resorting to the use of force must find a justification for their actions on the basis of norms of international law.

Artificial intelligence and medical imaging 2018: French Radiology Community white paper.

The rapid development of information technology and data processing capabilities has led to the creation of new tools known as artificial intelligence (AI). Medical applications of AI are emerging, and the French radiology community felt it was therefore timely to issue a position paper on AI as part of its role as a leader in the development of digital projects. Essential information about the application of AI to radiology includes a description of the available algorithms with a glossary; a review of the issues raised by healthcare data, notably those pertaining to imaging (imaging data and co-variables, metadata); a look at research and innovation; an overview of current and future applications; a discussion of AI education; and a scrutiny of ethical issues. In addition to the principles set forth at the Asilomar Conference on Beneficial AI, the French radiology community has developed ten principles aimed at governing the use and development of AI tools in a manner that will create a concerted approach centered on benefits to patients, while also ensuring good integration within clinical workflows. High-quality care in radiology and opportunities for managing large datasets are two avenues relevant to the development of a precision, personalized, and participative radiology practice characterized by improved predictive and preventive capabilities.

Piloting Demand Response in Retailing: Lessons Learned in Real-Life Context

This article presents a case study on a demand response (DR) pilot project dealing with the application of DR in a grocery store with the utilization of refrigeration equipment as energy storage and photovoltaics (PV) as an energy source. DR has recently gained increased interest due to the growing penetration of intermittent renewable energy requiring flexibility in power consumption. The smart power grid enables the introduction of novel solutions to increase flexibility and the entrance of new actors into the markets. Developing new solutions for the mainstream markets requires experimentation in real-life settings serving the development of technological capabilities, necessary policies and regulation, and user and market needs, as well as adaptation of and to infrastructure and maintenance systems. Our case study on a DR pilot in a grocery store in Northern Finland focuses on how the project contributes to knowledge on the potential for DR and scaling up. It was found that energy efficiency, DR, and self-generated PV power can be aligned and even enhance the potential for DR. While mature technologies exist, applications and installations have not yet been standardized to enable rapid scaling up, and current DR market rules and practices fail to accommodate for small electricity consumers.

The rise of China as a cybersecurity industrial power: balancing national security, geopolitical, and development priorities

ABSTRACTThis article examines the development of China's cybersecurity industry over the past two decades since the arrival of the internet in that country. This analysis takes place from a primarily security and technology perspective because the national security apparatus occupies a powerful presence in China's cyber affairs. Moreover, the development of the cybersecurity industry is significantly driven by the development of technological capabilities. Key issues explored include: (1) Chinese decision-making and thinking on cybersecurity development within the context of the Chinese leadership's general approach to development, national security, and technology advancement; (2) the nature and characteristics of recent Chinese cybersecurity-related development strategies and plans; (3) the drivers behind the development of China's cybersecurity industry, looking especially at market failures, national security rationales, and government intervention; (4) the proliferation of principal actors and coalitions in the Chinese cybersecurity industry and how this influences its development; and (5) the nature of the relationship between the state and cybersecurity firms, in particular examining four types of interactions: the state as a customer; state hiring of talent; the state's direct regulatory power, and the state as an investor. The article concludes by considering the international implications of China's rise as an increasingly capable and confident cybersecurity power.

Knowledge flow in low-carbon technology transfer: A case of India's wind power industry

The degree of knowledge flow in low-carbon technology transfer is influenced by its organizational mechanism. While transfer mechanisms involving greater cross-border interaction and recipient effort may provide more learning opportunities, there remains a gap about the causal mechanisms and contingent variables involved in technology transfer and technological capability development. This study offers one of the first firm-level causal analyses of transfer mechanisms and technological capabilities, taking into account various firm- and context-specific factors. To this end, India's wind power industry is analyzed using firm-level data and semi-structured interviews conducted in 2013 with 15 wind turbine manufacturers covering 76% of the market share and 12 other organizations working on wind power. The analysis demonstrates that innovation capabilities are accumulated mainly through transfer mechanisms enabling recipients’ engagement in research and development. Mergers and acquisitions as well as international research and development centers are among the most effective examples. Joint ventures could be appropriate if a local partner gains a large majority shareholding. The knowledge transfer through wholly foreign-owned enterprises may be restricted because intellectual properties are tightly controlled by their parent firms. The creation of a predictable, performance-oriented market enhances firms’ financial resources and consequently encourages knowledge acquisition and capability development.