Development Of Advanced Technologies Research Articles

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Abstract 2879: Spatiotemporal fractionation: An innovative concept of fractionated radiotherapy

Abstract Impressive outcomes in therapeutic radiation oncology have been achieved in the past decade through the development of advanced computer technology and imaging methods, such as intensity modulated radiotherapy. Ideally, radiotherapy treatment delivers a high dose to the tumor while sparing the surrounding healthy tissues and organs at risk from radiation damage. Spatiotemporal Fractionated Radiotherapy has emerged as an innovative technique that delivers different dose distributions to different parts of the tumor in order to achieve high doses to the target while ensuring a low dose-bath in the surrounding normal tissue. Spatiotemporally fractionated regimens showed in silico up to 10 - 15% sparing of normal tissue from radiation damage, while ensuring isoeffective tumor control compared to conventionally fractionated regimens. However, prior to advancing spatiotemporal fractionation to the clinical level, it is important to probe the validity of the main assumption of spatiotemporal fractionation derived from the Biologically Effective Dose (BED) model: two different fractionation schemes that implement a high and a low dose will lead to equivalent clinical effects, regardless of dose-treatment sequence. A tumor growth delay study was performed in a subcutaneous immunocompetent murine tumor model (MC38-tumor cell derived) receiving two different fractionation regimens. Particularly, tumors belonging to the two treatment groups received the same dose combination - a high (12 Gy) and a low (6 Gy) dose fraction separated by 72 hours - with the doses delivered in opposite order in the two treatment groups. The same experimental outline was performed in a subcutaneous immunodeficient murine tumor model derived from the same tumor cells. Tumors were also characterized by immunophenotyping analysis seven days after first irradiation. Even though the two regimens deliver the same physical dose to the tumor - and would be considered equivalent according to the BED model - different tumor growth delays were observed in a time window of 30 days after first irradiation depending on the treatment group. Such differences were observed in the immunocompetent model but not in the immunodeficient model. The immunophenotyping results showed immunostimulatory vs immunosuppressive phenotypes of the tumor microenvironment depending on the order of the treatment doses. An additional tumor growth delay study including immune checkpoint inhibitors confirmed the fundamental role of the immune system with the differential efficacy outcomes of the two regimens. Overall, these intriguing results suggest that a differential radiotherapy-induced immune response to different doses of ionizing radiation plays an important role in the treatment outcome and asks for re-evaluation of the BED model taking scheduling-dependent parameters into consideration. Citation Format: Irene Vetrugno, Irma Telarovic, Nathan Torelli, Jan Unkelbach, Martin Pruschy. Spatiotemporal fractionation: An innovative concept of fractionated radiotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 2879.

Engineering Domain Variants in 0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)-0.3PbTiO3 Single Crystals Using High-Frequency AC Poling.

Single crystals of (001)-oriented 0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)-0.3PbTiO3 (PMN-30PT) with a composition near the morphotropic phase boundary have attracted considerable attention due to their superior dielectric and electromechanical performance. Recently, a new alternating current (electric field) poling approach used for the enhancement of dielectric and piezoelectric properties. However, the microscopic domain variants that govern the performance, especially under high-frequency alternating current (AC) voltages, remain largely unexplored. In this work, the domain microstructure under AC poling reveals the presence of four monoclinic (MA) domain variants using a suite of scanning probe microscopy methods, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) reciprocal space mapping is tuned. It is reported on the emergence of hierarchical fine domains - needle-shaped, and 109° domain walls under applied high-frequency AC poling. Time-resolved Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) reveals the charge dynamics and relaxation behavior of these needle domains and walls. The findings provide new insight and guidance to the domain engineering by high-frequency AC poling for the development of advanced transducer technology.

A Review on Material Selection Benchmarking in GeTe-Based RF Phase-Change Switches for Each Layer.

The global demand for radio frequency (RF) modules and components has grown exponentially in recent decades. RF switches are the essential unit in RF front-end and reconfigurable systems leading to the rapid development of novel and advanced switch technology. Germanium telluride (GeTe), as one of the Chalcogenide phase-change materials, has been applied as an RF switch due to its low insertion loss, high isolation, fast switching speed, and low power consumption in recent years. In this review, an in-depth exploration of GeTe film characterization is presented, followed by a comparison of the device structure of directly heated and indirectly heated RF phase-change switches (RFPCSs). Focusing on the prototypical structure of indirectly heated RFPCSs as the reference, the intrinsic properties of each material layer and the rationale behind the material selection is analyzed. Furthermore, the design size of each material layer of the device and its subsequent RF performance are summarized. Finally, we cast our gaze toward the promising future prospects of RFPCS technology.

Dynamic Fluorescence Materials Based on Naphthalimide-Functionalized Silica Aerogels and Applications in Advanced Information Encryption.

With the progress of forgery and decryption, the traditional encryption technology is apparent not enough, which strongly requires the development of advanced multidimensional encryption strategies and technologies. Photo-stimuli responsive fluorescent materials are promising as candidate materials for advanced information encryption. Here, we have reported new photo-stimuli responsive materials by encapsulating photochromic molecules spiropyrans (SPs) into naphthalimide-functionalized silica aerogels. By introducing different modification groups (dimethylamino) into 1,8-naphthalimide, we obtained two kinds of silica aerogels that emit blue and green colors. The naphthalimide-functionalized silica aerogels/dye composite exhibits a blue (dimethylamino-modified naphthalimide-functionalized silica aerogel showing green) emission from naphthalimide of silica aerogels at 450 nm (520 nm) and a red emission around 650 nm of SP. Under exposure to ultraviolet light, SP gradually transformed into the merocyanine (MC) form, and a strong absorption band appeared near 540 nm. At that time, the fluorescence resonance energy-transfer (FRET) process occurred between naphthalimide and the MC isomer. As the irradiation time is extended, the fluorescence color changes continuously from blue (green) to red through the FRET process. Using the time dependence of fluorescence, dynamic encryption patterns and multiple codes were successfully developed based on these functionalized silica aerogels. This work has provided important guidance for designing advanced information encryption materials.

Transforming CO2 to valuable feedstocks: Emerging catalytic and technological advances for the reverse water gas shift reaction

Current conditions suggest that to mitigate climate change, carbon neutrality must be achieved. Despite efforts to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, existing strategies remain inadequate. Thus, it is inevitable that carbon dioxide utilization will play a crucial role in the fight against climate change. Among the conversion routes available, the reverse water–gas shift reaction (RWGS) is promising as it allows the conversion of CO2 to CO, which can then be further converted to other valuable feedstocks while utilizing renewable H2. However, this route presents several challenges, as the RWGS reaction requires high energy input and is less favored over the methanation reaction at lower temperatures. Hence, the development of novel catalysts and advanced technologies is necessary to achieve high conversions and selectivity. This review summarizes the most recent progress and advances in heterogenous catalyst systems and emerging technologies explored for the RWGS reaction. Techniques to enhance catalyst performance, alter reaction mechanisms, and improve catalyst stability are discussed. Novel technologies and their recent developments to achieve equilibrium conversions and improve CO yield are also given focus and compared. This review thus provides insight into the possibilities available for improving the RWGS reaction as a practical carbon mitigation route.

Delamination of Plasticized Devices in Dynamic Service Environments.

With the continuous development of advanced packaging technology in heterogeneous semiconductor integration, the delamination failure problem in a dynamic service environment has gradually become a key factor limiting the reliability of packaging devices. In this paper, the delamination failure mechanism of polymer-based packaging devices is clarified by summarizing the relevant literature and the latest research solutions are proposed. The results show that, at the microscopic scale, thermal stress and moisture damage are still the two main mechanisms of two-phase interface failure of encapsulation devices. Additionally, the application of emerging technologies such as RDL structure modification and self-healing polymers can significantly improve the thermal stress state of encapsulation devices and enhance their moisture resistance, which can improve the anti-delamination reliability of polymer-based encapsulation devices. In addition, this paper provides theoretical support for subsequent research and optimization of polymer-based packages by summarizing the microscopic failure mechanism of delamination at the two-phase interface and introducing the latest solutions.

The Linkage Between Financial Literacy and Digital Entrepreneurial Intention: The Mediation and Moderation Role of Entrepreneurship Education and Social Media

This research aims to examine the influence of financial literacy and digital entrepreneurial intentions, as well as investigate the mediating role of entrepreneurship education and the moderating role of social media. This research used primary data obtained from 154 students in Jakarta of Indonesia, through a self-administered survey with online questionnaires. The retrieved data were further analyzed using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with Smart-PLS 4.0. The research results indicate that there is a positive and significant influence of financial literacy and entrepreneurship education on digital entrepreneurial intentions among students. In addition, entrepreneurship education has been confirmed to mediate the linkage between financial literacy and digital entrepreneurial intentions. Meanwhile, social media failed in mediating the influence of financial literacy and entrepreneurship education on digital entrepreneurial intentions. This proves that digital literacy is essential for almost every aspect of education, allowing potential entrepreneurs to take advantage of technological developments and offering valuable insights for designing targeted interventions and policies to foster a more robust digital entrepreneurial ecosystem.

Multi-dimensional flow simulation analysis and kriging-based optimization study on thermodynamic process mechanism of pulse tube refrigerator with displacer

Pulse tube refrigerators with active displacers have become increasingly popular due to superior phase shift capability and avoidance of dissipation losses. However, mechanisms of thermodynamic processes within refrigerators due to variations in parameters related to critical structures and operations are not yet clear, making it difficult to optimize the comprehensive performance. In this paper, multi-dimensional flow simulation method instead of one-dimensional simulation method with poor computational accuracy is used to analyze the influence of five key parameters on performance of pulse tube refrigerators with active displacers. An intelligent optimization algorithm combined with efficient Kriging surrogate models is developed for single-objective and multi-objective optimization. Results demonstrate that the mean errors of the Kriging models for cooling capacity, total input power and performance coefficient are 1.81%, 3.94% and 3.37%. The single-objective optimization produces a maximum cooling capacity of 7.29 W and performance coefficient of 7.38%. The combined optimal solution delivers 6.65W in cooling capacity and 7.02% in performance coefficient, obtaining improvements of 150.94% and 75.94%. This study reveals the influence mechanism of key parameters on cooling performance of pulse tube refrigerators with displacers and establishes an efficient global optimization method, which is of great significance for the development of advanced refrigeration technology.

Технологический суверенитет и энергетическая безопасность

The doctrine of energy security and technological sovereignty are important strategic directions for ensuring national security and economic development of the country and contribute to strengthening the scientific and technological base of the state. The doctrine of energy security and the concept of technological sovereignty is based on a technological development concept, which includes, among other things, legal aspects of promising directions of technology development in order to increase the importance of labor resources, automation of production, development and launching of advanced technologies, increase the efficiency of resource use and change a social structure, which ultimately allows for an increase in the standard of living of the population, the expansion of economic growth and the development of social and cultural values.

INTISARI ANALISIS PERSIAPAN PELAKSANAAN PATIENT SAFETY DI RUANG RAWAT INAP (STUDY KASUS DI RSUD KABUPATEN BIMA)

The era of globalization impact very rapidly, in the development of advanced medical technology. These conditions have an impact on medical services is very complex and it is potentially causing the error, so that the necessary improvement of health care quality. Patient safety is one important component in the quality of health care. Improved patient safety is a necessary step to prevent and minimize unwanted incident (KTD). Nurses are one of the health workers who are at the forefront of health care and have a very important role in improving patient safety. To determine attitudes on the analysis of patient safety in the inpatient unit nurse Bima district hospital and in particular to identify the components of patient safety attitudes include climate of team work, working conditions, employment decisions, and some factors that support and hinder patient safety attitudes. The research is descriptive qualitative. Subjects were 3 nurses and 3 patients with interview techniques. Data collection techniques in this study used the analysis of qualitative data. A qualitative data analysis technique is using descriptive analysis techniques to describe the data in the field which were analyzed and concluded. Components of the patient safety attitudes is climate of teamwork that showed lower patient safety attitudes, job satisfaction showed high patient safety attitudes, working conditions showed lower patient safety attitudes, for logistical support in the form of medical equipment are laboratory equipments that still lacking. Components of the patient safety attitudes were high that consist job satisfaction, and the low patient safety attitudes components were the teamwork climate and conditions of employment, because they needed additional medical equipment such as laboratory equipments.

Perempuan Dan Fenomena Kekerasan Berbasis Gender Online Dalam Media Sosial

Online gender-based violence against women is a social phenomenon that is increasingly common. Online gender-based violence against women takes advantage of technological developments and the use of social media. The aim of this research is to provide an overview of women's lives in the shadow of the phenomenon of online gender-based violence. The method used in this research is a quantitative descriptive approach involving female students from the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Muhammadiyah University, Jakarta, academic year 2019 – 2020 as respondents. The method for determining respondents in this research is non-probability sampling - purposive. If we look at the current situation, gender-based violence has occurred in all walks of life, such as household life, society and in the political arena. Based on the grouping of types of platforms that are popularly used and have a high potential for online gender-based violence, namely Whatsapp and Instagram. If we look at the respondents' understanding of online gender-based violence, there are still respondents who do not really understand this social phenomenon. The most common cause of gender-based violence against women is low tolerance towards the opposite sex and knowledge about gender equality. This online gender-based violence has a broad impact, equivalent to the impact of gender-based violence that occurs conventionally, victims will experience emotional, psychological and social losses.

Finite Element Analysis of Castellated Beams with Different Web Openings

Due to the recent developments in design optimization techniques and advanced construction technologies, uses of castellated beams have become very popular. Castellated beams because of their high strength to weight ratio and low maintenance and painting cost have effectively replaced built-up girders in light to medium constructions for medium to long spans. Longitudinal cuts in the form of openings along the web of castellated beams also results in stronger and stiffer beams than their parent beams without any increase in the self-weight. In this study, attempts are made to compare the behavior of castellated beams with their parent beams. Studies on effect of different web openings on deflection are carried out using finite element analysis.

Scientific research, technology, and economic growth in a cross section of countries

ABSTRACT This paper aims to investigate the role of scientific research in the development of technology advancement and subsequent economic growth. The publication data collected from Science and Nature consists of 31,615 lines in Excel. Scholars from 3,790 universities and research institutes in 118 countries have published in the two premier journals over the period 2012–2019. Using these publication data, we explore two transmission channels: first, research output can be used for the development of innovations and inventions; second, such a technological advancement promotes economic growth. Instrumental variable (IV) estimation suggests that scientific publications have a causal effect on the enhancement of advanced technologies; the technology enhancement, in turn, has a causal effect on economic growth. Empirical evidence in direct support of these two relationships provide major incentives for governments and business firms to invest more towards future research in the fields of science and technology.

The Significance Of The Computer Simulation Method In Medical Education

Today's task of education is to teach students to be able to work independently in the informationeducational conditions that are improving day by day, to use the flow of information wisely. Comprehensive reforms in the structure of the educational system will be strengthened by teachers by mastering advanced pedagogical technologies and using them in the educational process. For this, pedagogues are required to learn and apply the technological approach to the educational process. With the wide development of advanced technologies, in recent years, new pedagogical clinical work-game technologies have been effectively used to optimize education in medical universities.

Advances in 3D Culture Models to Study Exosomes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Breast cancer, a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, exhibits distinct subtypes with varying pathological, genetic, and clinical characteristics. Despite advancements in breast cancer treatments, its histological and molecular heterogeneity pose a significant clinical challenge. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a highly aggressive subtype lacking targeted therapeutics, adds to the complexity of breast cancer treatment. Recent years have witnessed the development of advanced 3D culture technologies, such as organoids and spheroids, providing more representative models of healthy human tissue and various malignancies. These structures, resembling organs in structure and function, are generated from stem cells or organ-specific progenitor cells via self-organizing processes. Notably, 3D culture systems bridge the gap between 2D cultures and in vivo studies, offering a more accurate representation of in vivo tumors' characteristics. Exosomes, small nano-sized molecules secreted by breast cancer and stromal/cancer-associated fibroblast cells, have garnered significant attention. They play a crucial role in cell-to-cell communication, influencing tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis. The 3D culture environment enhances exosome efficiency compared to traditional 2D cultures, impacting the transfer of specific cargoes and therapeutic effects. Furthermore, 3D exosomes have shown promise in improving therapeutic outcomes, acting as potential vehicles for cancer treatment administration. Studies have demonstrated their role in pro-angiogenesis and their innate therapeutic potential in mimicking cellular therapies without side effects. The 3D exosome model holds potential for addressing challenges associated with drug resistance, offering insights into the mechanisms underlying multidrug resistance and serving as a platform for drug screening. This review seeks to emphasize the crucial role of 3D culture systems in studying breast cancer, especially in understanding the involvement of exosomes in cancer pathology.

Clinical Work Games and the Significance Of Situation Method In Practical Training

Today's task of education is to teach students to be able to work independently in the informationeducational conditions that are improving day by day, to use the flow of information wisely. Comprehensive reforms in the structure of the educational system will be strengthened by teachers by mastering advanced pedagogical technologies and using them in the educational process. For this, pedagogues are required to learn and apply the technological approach to the educational process. With the wide development of advanced technologies, in recent years, new pedagogical clinical work-game technologies have been effectively used to optimize education in medical universities.

Overview of big data information privacy protection technology and challenges

With the rapid development of advanced technologies like the mobile internet, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things, the era of big data is gradually upon us. In this era, big data has been widely utilized in various fields like business, finance, social networking, and healthcare, and the value of data has become increasingly prominent. Data has become a new factor of production, the digital economy has become a new engine of development, and an important driving force for promoting social progress and economic development. However, with the advancement of big data technology, the risks of data leakage and misuse have increased. Personal data information leakage or misuse can lead to personal privacy infringement and fraud, such as the Sina Weibo data leak in March 2020 where attackers breached part of the Sina Weibo database, obtaining sensitive data including real names, website usernames, genders, locations, and phone numbers, impacting 538 million Weibo users. Therefore, there is an increasing demand for data information privacy protection. This paper will explore the core technologies and application scenarios in data information privacy protection and investigate data privacy protection in real-life settings.

Moderation of non-exam assessments: a novel approach using comparative judgement

ABSTRACT In England, some secondary-level qualifications comprise non-exam assessments which need to undergo moderation before grading. Currently, moderation is conducted at centre (school) level. This raises challenges for maintaining the standard across centres. Recent technological advances enable novel moderation methods that are no longer bound by centre. This study used simulation to investigate the feasibility of using comparative judgement (CJ) for moderating non-exam assessments. Our study explored the effects of CJ design parameters on the CJ estimates of script quality and how to assign moderator marks after the CJ procedure. The findings showed that certain design parameters had substantial effects on reliability and suggested minimum values for CJ protocols. The method used for assigning moderator marks maintained the rank order of scripts within centres and calibrated the centres to a common standard. Using CJ for moderation could transform current assessment practices, taking advantage of technological developments and ensuring reliability and fairness.

Design of a Dual-Band Printed Antenna for Modern Wireless Communications and Internet of Things Applications

Wireless technology is increasingly influenced by the advanced technological development of antennas. With the rapid expansion of Internet of Things ( IoT) application in the contemporary communication networks, the demand for small printed antennas is increasing, due to their small size and ease of design and manufacture to suit their various application. In this paper, the antenna is designed which is operating at two different frequency bands 2.40GHz and 5.78GHz. The design parameters of the antenna have been calculated using the transmission line model, and an antenna design program has been used for the simulation process is HFSS ( High frequency simulator structure ) tool, which is based on Finite Element Method (FEM). In this work, the proposed slot dual band patch antenna is implemented using FR4 substrate material with a thickness 1.6mm and relative permittivity 4.4. The size of the proposed antenna is just (28 × 27.7mm). The proposed antenna has Omni-directional radiation patterns on most of the operating band. The dual band antenna is designed by adding a slot to the top of the radiated patch. Therefore, the proposed dual- band antenna shows good performance, which is suitable for modern wireless communications and Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The measurements are found to be in good accordance with the simulated results.