Technical Capacity Development Research Articles

The Major Challenges Facing the Development of African Countries, and Algeria in Particular, in the Face of Cybercrime

The rapid development of information and communication technologies is closely related to the exponential growth in data volumes. At the same time, the development of enterprise strategies coupled with the digital economy has led to changes in business models and infrastructure solutions. The emergence of innovative industries that extensively use the internet has presented significant challenges to the security of systems and sensitive data, particularly in the field of cybercrime. In order to address the growing issue of cybercrime, African nations, among which Algeria is the largest country, need to build a series of digital barriers in the form of legislation, multilateral agreements, and the development of technical capacity in this area, such as the creation of cybersecurity centers. The implementation of an effective cybersecurity strategy is strongly required on a national, regional, and continental scale. According to the last report of the Global Cybersecurity Index 2020, Mauritius is ranked as the most secure country in Africa in terms of cybersecurity, followed by South Africa in the second rank. A successful economy inherently involves a digital economy and a bold strategy to counter all the “nuisance” of cybercrimes. Algeria, despite its relatively low ranking in the last report of the Global Cybersecurity Index, has made significant progress when compared to its neighbors. With its excellent internet connectivity and a young and dynamic population, Algeria’s positive economic indicators are certain to improve even further with the desired membership it seeks in the BRICS organization. Given these considerations, it follows that South Africa as well as Algeria possess the potential to serve as locomotives for the development of the whole of Africa.

Development of a Technological System of Floating Cages in the Sea for the Farming of Marine Fish Within the Coastline of ILO

The objective of the research work is to develop a technological system of floating cages in the sea for the culture of marine fish within the coast of Ilo. The research method is experimental, applied approach, the process is constituted by a marine cage system which includes the analysis of climatic conditions, oceanographic conditions, legislation, adequate environment and conditions suitable for the development of the project; to then design the prototype to operate the floating sea cage. The preliminary results through the study "Development of technical capacities for the cultivation of Corvina "Cilus gilberti" in the province of Ilo, Moquegua Region" through which the culture cages were installed approximately 1.2 km from the coast in front of the beach "Piedras Negras" north of Ilo in which juvenile corvina were planted. The design and construction of the marine cage for fish culture was appropriate because the materials used are in the optimal quality range, after submitting them in the simulations; you have fish in preliminary growth in the marine cages designed and built for fish culture; and finally, the maintenance of the cages was technically manageable, because it allows periodically its evaluation and maintenance.

Experiences in developing empirical harvest strategies for the Indonesian tropical tuna fisheries

Harvest strategies, also referred to as management procedures, are foundational to evidence-based fisheries decision making. Together with closed-loop simulation testing, termed Management Strategy Evaluation, of potential harvest strategies, they are considered to be best practice. However, the use of these approaches is still mostly limited to a small minority of high-value, data-rich stocks in developed economies. The Indonesian tropical tuna fisheries provide a rare real-world experience where formal empirical harvest strategies were being developed for data-limited fisheries within a developing economy as an operational management tool. The Harvest Strategy Framework is a departure from a previously open-access fishery for tropical tuna in Indonesian archipelagic waters. It outlines the necessary actions to operationalize the harvest strategy, including fisheries monitoring, harvest control rules, associated management measures to meet the management objectives, and immediate actions to reduce the levels of catch as a precautionary measure until the harvest strategy is fully implemented. It was developed over a 9-year national consultative process, commencing in 2014 and culminating in the official adoption of the framework in June 2023. This paper outlines key processes and challenges encountered in stakeholder engagement and technical capacity development within the intricate governance context of Indonesia. We argue that the engagement processes have cemented a future direction towards sustainable and best practice fisheries management in Indonesia and the effective co-production process has potential to show the way for other fisheries in coastal developing states who face similar challenges in managing their national and internationally shared stocks.

Mapping multi-stakeholder initiatives for public governance and transparency: a comparative assessment of trends and motivations

ABSTRACT Global multi-stakeholder initiatives aiming to strengthen public governance and transparency (PGMSIs) in participating countries are increasingly prominent but little researched and undertheorized. This analysis provides a preliminary mapping of the 121 countries that participate in the six most prominent initiatives (CoST, EITI, OCP, OGP, IATI). Rates of participation in single and multiple initiatives are characterized according to contextual factors of geography, economic development, and democratic governance. This mapping is complemented by 31 interviews with government focal points in countries that participate in multiple initiatives, assessing national motivations for participation. Interview results suggest that countries are motivated by considerations related both to technical capacity development and reputational effects, and that in many countries these motivations are mutually reinforcing. Interview responses further highlight how different types of actors are associated with different motivations, including government agencies, domestic civil society, international donor organizations, and PGMSIs themselves. Findings indicate that national decisions to participate in PGMSIs are perceived to be driven by both capacity and reputational motivations, but primarily by national actors (heads of state, ministries, and to a lesser extent civil society). The particular role of the World Bank, different types of government actors, and the PGMSIs themselves are given particular attention.

Analysis of Stakeholder Networks to Strengthen the Prevention of Childhood Obesity and the Caring for Children With Obesity in Brazil

ObjectivesIn Brazil, there have been different strategies for preventing childhood obesity and caring for children with obesity. However, scaling up the impact of these strategies to effectively reduce this condition is challenging. We aimed to map and describe the influence level (i.e., power) of key actors at the federal and local levels to implement strategies to address this issue. MethodsThis is a participatory study using the Net-Map method. Two virtual workshops composed of 8 to 13 stakeholders were held to map key actors involved with the agenda at the federal and local (state/municipal) level and to connect their network according to four domains of influence (command, funding, support for the development of technical capacity, and dissemination). Stakeholders have completed a power mapping worksheet asynchronously and identified leaders in each domain of influence. Preliminary descriptive analysis was carried out. ResultsPreliminary data show a total of 188 key actors at the federal (FED) level and 68 key actors at the local (LOC) level shaping the agenda through four domains of influence: command (FED = 89; LOC = 44), funding (FED = 37; LOC = 24), support for the development of technical capacity (DTC) (FED = 47; LOC = 28) and dissemination (FED = 13; LOC = 15). The executive authority group emerged as the most involved in commanding childhood obesity policy and programming decisions at federal and local levels. The executive authority group was the most cited in all domains at the local level. In the funding domain at the federal level, academia, civil society, private sector, and international organizations had a balanced presence with executive authority groups, while civil society key actors were the most cited in the DTC domain. The dissemination network at the federal level focused on the private sector due to the time limit of the workshop. ConclusionsFederal and local levels have different key actors and networks shaping strategies to prevent childhood obesity and care for children with obesity. While there is a more diverse group at the federal level across domains of influence, the local level relies on the executive authority group to implement the agenda. Funding SourcesPanamerican Health Association/Ministry of Health, University of Nevada Las Vegas.

Implementation of the Policy for Capacity Building of Village Apparatus in Merangin Regency, Jambi

This study is intended to analyze the implementation of policies carried out by the Merangin Regency Government of Jambi Province in order to increase the capacity of village apparatus. This study used Weimer and Vining's policy implementation, which consists of policy logic, policy environment and implementor capability. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach with a type of case study. Data collection was carried out by interviewing 11 respondents and reviewing data related to the research topic. After collected, the data were analyzed by data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Based on this research, it is known that in terms of policy logic, the Merangin Regency Government really understands the significance of the existence of village officials in managing existing resources, so it does Workshop on the Implementation of SISKEUDES and Provision of Village Technical Capacity Development (P2KTD) was held. The policy environment also supports the implementation of this policy through commitments conveyed by the Head of Regency, Head of the Merangin Regency Village Community Development Agency (PMD) and Heads of Sub-Districts. The ability of implementors consisting of village officials is still very limited in applying training materials in accordance with the potential context of their respective villages.

Success Factors for Water Safety Plan Implementation in Small Drinking Water Supplies in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Water Safety Plan (WSP) implementation has the potential to greatly improve, commonly very challenging and resource limited, small drinking water supplies. Although slower than in urban or high-income settings, the uptake of WSPs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is accelerating. Understanding the factors which will make a WSP successful will further improve efficient uptake and assist with its long-term sustainability. Based on an extensive literature search using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISM-A) methodology, 48 publications, including case studies and guidance documentation, formed the basis of this review. These were analysed using inductive and deductive coding methods to (i) identify the success factors applicable to WSP implementation in small drinking water supplies in LMICs and (ii) to investigate which factors are more or less critical depending on the geography and level of development of the implementing country. Key challenges identified during the review process were also noted. A comparison of these success factors was made with those identified from high-income and urban settings. The three most important success factors identified are the development of technical capacity, community engagement, and monitoring and verification. Factors specific to small drinking water supplies in LMICs include support from non-government organisations, integration into existing water sanitation and hygiene (WASH) programs, simplicity, and community engagement. Certain factors, such as adaptability, the use of guidance documentation, international collaboration, the role of pilot studies, knowledge sharing, and stakeholder involvement are applicable to all WSP settings. Due to the specific challenges faced by small drinking water systems and the limited number of original research publications on this topic, this study highlights the need for further data collection and research focused on success factors in these settings. It is anticipated that the consideration of the success factors identified in this study will assist implementers in improving the uptake and long-term sustainability of WSPs in small drinking water supplies in low- and middle-income settings.

Capacity challenges in water quality monitoring: understanding the role of human development

Monitoring the qualitative status of freshwaters is an important goal of the international community, as stated in the Sustainable Development Goal (SDGs) indicator 6.3.2 on good ambient water quality. Monitoring data are, however, lacking in many countries, allegedly because of capacity challenges of less-developed countries. So far, however, the relationship between human development and capacity challenges for water quality monitoring have not been analysed systematically. This hinders the implementation of fine-tuned capacity development programmes for water quality monitoring. Against this background, this study takes a global perspective in analysing the link between human development and the capacity challenges countries face in their national water quality monitoring programmes. The analysis is based on the latest data on the human development index and an international online survey amongst experts from science and practice. Results provide evidence of a negative relationship between human development and the capacity challenges to meet SDG 6.3.2 monitoring requirements. This negative relationship increases along the course of the monitoring process, from defining the enabling environment, choosing parameters for the collection of field data, to the analytics and analysis of five commonly used parameters (DO, EC, pH, TP and TN). Our assessment can be used to help practitioners improve technical capacity development activities and to identify and target investment in capacity development for monitoring.

Responding to salinity in a rural African alluvial valley aquifer system: To boldly go beyond the world of hand-pumped groundwater supply?

Effective response to groundwater salinity in the developing world may critically safeguard drinking-water supplies. Groundwater resources throughout rural Africa are exploited by a vast and increasing number of hand-pumped boreholes for community supply. Our research in TA Ngabu (Shire Valley), Southern Malawi aims to: define groundwater-salinity problem occurrence within the semi-arid alluvial-valley aquifer, rural developing-world setting; critique current capacity to respond; and, to discuss future response options - in particular considering the need to explore alternative options that boldly go beyond the world of hand-pumped groundwater supply. Salinity problem definition was achieved through survey of 419 hand-pumped boreholes that revealed widespread brackish groundwater leading to non-potable (unpalatable) drinking-water supplies. Persistent non-functionality or abandonment of boreholes was typically ascribed to salinity. Whilst salinity is conceptualised to arise from shallow-groundwater evaporation, formation-evaporite dissolution and faulted-area upwelling, sparse data locally renders attribution of salinity sources to individual boreholes difficult. There is a significant need to better resolve the vertical distribution of salinity and local controlling processes. Problem response capacity was hampered by multiple factors, including, sector inertia, low drilling costs compromising water-point integrity, and lack of technical vision for alternatives. Various recommendations are made to improve response capacity continuing to work at the hand-pump supply scale. However, in areas where salinity is significant, exploring the feasibility of other options is advocated in conjunction with technical capacity development. Groundwater options may utilise high borehole yields possible from alluvial aquifers, grossly under-exploited by hand pumps. Groundwater at depth, albeit of unknown quality typically, or pipeline transfers of probable good-quality groundwater from valley-margin units, should be considered. Surface-water pipeline supplies may be viable for (growing) population centres. Canal-fed irrigation schemes (pending for the area), should be multiple-use, protective of groundwater and embrace pipeline drinking-water supply and managed-aquifer-recharge opportunities. Advancing desalination technologies, although presently unaffordable, should be kept under review.

EVALUATION OF PILOT PROJECTS IN THE MINISTRY OF STATE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN EGYPT GOAL 12: ENSURE QUALITY AND SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION PATTERNS

The aim of the study is to identify the successful models for the sustainability of internationally funded pilot projects and to achieve their objectives in the industrial pollution control project Phase II, The extent of the legal obligation of the establishment to environmental legislation and the setting of environmental objectives as a general framework for the activity of industrial enterprises, As well as studying the impact of the concepts of environmental economics (green) as a main input to achieve sustainable development among those concerned with industry in Egypt. The descriptive syllabus was utilized thanks to its dependence on describing the phenomenon and extracting the results through gathering the statements and information necessary for research. Data were gathered from the Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs, reports of donor countries and state of the environment reports issued by the Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs About Egyptian Pollution Abatement Project (EPAP) between 2007 and 2015. (Case Study of Industrial Pollution Control (End of Tube) (Air) Project for a number of cement production projects and a number of brick production factories in Arab Abu Sa'ed area and rehabilitation of phosphoric plant Abu Zaabal Fertilizer and Chemical Factory). The results have resulted in the adjustment of the environmental conditions of the industrial enterprises and the support of the cleaner production projects. These environmental projects contribute to reducing the use of raw materials and reducing the resulting waste, thereby reducing the cost of production, thus achieving the economic and environmental dimensions and their commitment to the social dimension of the workers inside and outside the plant. In highly polluted areas and thus improve the conditions of the local environment by encouraging private sector companies and the public sector to invest in the field of pollution control and support the applications of appropriate binding methods and inspection activities to Knapp technical capacity development within environmental institutions and the participating banks and to improve environmental awareness and performance in Egypt with a focus on the Greater Cairo and Alexandria and the strengthening of the special commitment to environmental protection law 4 of 1994, as amended, environmental authorities capabilities. But the information collected by the researcher indicates that many of these projects will be affected by the absence of international funding for the inability of companies alone or the insufficient budget allocated by the State to reduce pollution, which will be clear from the implementation of the plan of this study. The researchers recommended the activation of the law of environmental protection 4 of 1994 and its amendments to sustain the results of the pilot projects through the support of the environmental inspection of the EEAA with a number of human cadres while providing the potential to increase the inspection rates on the industrial zones to maintain the sustainability of the industrial pollution control project, Green economy and cleaner production mechanism in Egyptian industry, also an alternative to foreign grants and loans should be found in financing environmental projects and providing technical and institutional support and maintaining their sustainability through the establishment of a national fund for financing environmental projects. It should establish national banks, the Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs, the Ministry of Finance, Export Development Fund), Ministry of Investment, Social Fund for Development, provided that projects are financed with interest determined by the Central Bank of Egypt.

Strengthening the material-technical base of modern agrarian formations

Technical and technological modernization of agriculture is an important direction of state support for agricultural production. At present, in agriculture there is a tendency of equipment obsolescence and break down. Partly, the deficit is compensated by means of acquisition of high-energy, high-performance equipment and the implementation of resource-saving technologies, the use of combined soil cultivating and sowing units. However, the equipment of agricultural producers remains at a level,which does not allow performing all technological operations in the normative agrotechnical terms, that leads to deficits and production losses. As a consequence, the role of state support in raising the level of agricultural machinery is becoming increasingly important [1]. The object of the study is the Volga Federal District (VFD). The study presents statistical data for 2000-2015. The analysis of the level of agricultural machinery in the regions of the Volga Federal District made it possible to divide all regions into three groups and to make recommendations for the development of technical capacity. In this situation, the role of state support in raising the level of agricultural technology is becoming increasingly important. Keywords: agricultural machinery, provision, load, technical availability, technical potential

Management issues in Community Forests Management: a case from Bumthang, Bhutan

The concept of Community Forestry was introduced in Bhutan in 1992. Bhutan now has 688 Community Forests (CFs) covering little more than 2% of the country’s total geographical area. Despite some reports of management issues faced by CF members, new CFs are established every year. To identify issues and to propose solutions, focus group meetings with forestry officials, elected village leaders and Community Forests Management Groups of Bumthang were conducted in September 2015. The study revealed six main issues hindering effective management of CFs in Bumthang; (i) coordination; (ii) technical capacity of members; (iii) boundaries between CF and SRF; (iv) choice of State Reserve Forests area to become CF; (v) revision of management plan and (vi) legal implications of CF rules and of extraction of other resources from CF. We recommend that besides instituting technical capacity development programs for CF members, instituting annual coordination meetings involving all stakeholders may help in managing CFs.

Stimuli effectiveness of teaching aids in the development of the technical capacity of secondary school students in the technical configuration items

The importance of culture moot ( visual ) in the community , serves as the conceptual basis for the technical and aesthetic awareness , as all the fields of art represents a kind of social consciousness can not be separated from the practice of performance and awareness of it. That the link between what you do image that expresses the cognitive aspects and performance , and what is reflected on the receiver by turning the event into a set of symbols and meanings that have a correlation relationship to society , education, and other fields. Therefore must provide material conditions and psychological that helps the learner to interact effectively and with the active elements of the learning environment in the classroom and gain experience , knowledge and technical skills , attitudes and values needed by the learner commensurate with his abilities and aptitudes and easiest methods and styles as possible. And must be available to the learner 's mental and psychological readiness to acquire that information and expertise and skills within its presence in the learning environment include educational content and teacher, a teacher and educational means and techniques to achieve the desired educational goals . The research aims to: - First : Detection of configuration elements in the artwork . Secondly, the design of an educational program for technical configuration elements for the development of technical capacity for secondary school students _ the fourth grade .Third, the effectiveness of the educational program through its application to an experimental sample of secondary school students - fourth grade for the academic year 2012_2013 , and to validate the second goal and put the researcher Cefreeten two assumptions . The research community of the fourth grade students of preparatory secondary school affiliated to the Directorate General of Educational Baghdad Rusafa first . To achieve the goals of research researcher designed an educational program in the technical elements of the configuration with two types of tests of knowledge and skill and to show the results adopted a set of statistical methods : 1 - equation Mann Whitney test : 2 - coefficient of difficulty Difficulty Equation3- coefficient discrimination Discrimination Equation4 - Richardson equation Kiodor -20 Kauder Richardson -20- 5 - reliability coefficient estimate or correction

Relação entre o processo de ensino-aprendizagem-treinamento e o desenvolvimento do conhecimento tático no voleibol

O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar em que medida o processo de ensino-aprendizagem-treinamento utilizado em uma equipe feminina de voleibol favoreceu o desenvolvimento do conhecimento tático declarativo das atletas. Doze jogadoras (idade média 13,9 ± 0,3 anos) pertencentes a um clube participaram da pesquisa. Para caracterizar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem-treinamento foram filmadas e posteriormente analisadas 17 sessões consecutivas de treinamento. Para verificar o desenvolvimento do conhecimento tático, utilizou-se o teste validado por PAULA (2001), sendo este aplicado no início e no final das sessões de treino registradas. Na análise das sessões de treino, as atividades relacionadas ao desenvolvimento da capacidade técnica ocuparam 57,5% do tempo total de treinamento, enquanto que em 29,9% do tempo foram desenvolvidas atividades com características de aperfeiçoamento tático. Para o conhecimento tático, não foi verificado aumento em nenhuma das variáveis medidas no teste. Esses resultados demonstraram que o treinador planificou suas sessões de forma a dedicar maior atenção ao componente técnico, sendo este contemplado especialmente através das atividades sem conexão com situações de jogo, como "fundamentos individuais" ou "combinação de fundamentos". A estrutura de treinamento utilizada parece não ter favorecido o aumento do nível de conhecimento tático declarativo no decorrer do período de treinamento avaliado.

Nuts and bolts in fisheries management—a technological approach to sustainable fisheries?

Abstract According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, overcapacity in the fishing fleet poses a fundamental challenge in fisheries. Overcapacity leads to an increased pressure on fish stocks and a decrease in economic profit. The fishing fleet is marginalised economically, and overcapacity creates allocation conflicts between different gear and vessel groups. In addition, the expenses to control and management increase. Although Norwegian authorities have introduced several restrictions, for example total allowable catch, licenses, vessel quotas, and other regulatory measures, this article shows that the problems connected to overcapacity persist. Analyses of the technical capacity development show that there is an overall capacity expansion although the number of vessels is reduced. This development is an indicator of the dynamics of technological development over time, and the article discusses whether the concept of technology is sufficiently integrated into fisheries management. The important question now is whether analyses of the technical capacity development can serve as a positive supplement to the traditional fisheries management, which largely is based on input from the scientific disciplines biology and economics.

The Changing Roles of Zoological Parks in Conserving Biological Diversity

SYNOPSIS. Zoological parks are evolving institutions in respect to the conservation of biological diversity. From past functions in recreation as menageries and in education as living museums, they are coming to discharge these functions, plus other meaningful ones in research and conservation, as internationally oriented conservation centers. Education is the primary function in conservation, but zoos have begun to make significant contributions as genetic refuges and reservoirs, especially for large vertebrate species threatened with extinction. In developing this capacity zoos have fostered investigations into several facets of small population biology. These have extended to simulation modelling to help predict the outcome of various combinations of ecological, genetic, and demographic factors on the viability of populations in captivity and in the wild. Because resources of zoos are limited in respect to their enlarged functions in conservation and research, they are encouraging development of criteria to help prioritize actions for conservation of biodiversity. North American, European, and Australian zoos are meanwhile assisting the development of technical capacities among zoo counterparts, government agencies, and protected areas in both developing and developed countries of the world to further the conservation of biodiversity. Similar involvement by other biological institutions and by biological professional associations can make important contributions to policies of nations and actions of people that determine the prospects for survival of much of the biota.