Background: Cognitive impairment is one of the major diseases facing the aging society. The progressive decline of cognitive function will lead to the decline or even loss of life, work and social ability. Exercise and behavioral stimulation can increase neurotransmitters in the brain and improve overall health and cognitive function. Reactivity training can mobilize neuromuscular function and induce changes in brain plasticity, which may effectively improve cognitive dysfunction and delay the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease, but the evidence of its effectiveness is still limited. Methods: This study is a single-center, open-label, controlled clinical trial. Seventy-eight participants will be recruited for the study, including an equal number of athletes, average healthy college students, and average older adults in the community. Subjects will receive two weeks of visual-motor response training. The primary outcome of this study was to assess the imaging difference of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 2 weeks. Secondary outcomes are acousto-optic response time, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE), Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL), Subjective Cognitive Decline Questionnaire-9 (SCD-Q9), 10-word memory test and safety. Results: The study was approved by the Shanghai Clinical Research Ethics Committee on January 2, 2024 (ethical reference: SECCR/2023-162-01). As of February 31, 2024, we have recruited 53 participants. We expect to complete recruitment in April 2024 and expect to complete the collection and analysis of study data in July 2024. Discussion: The purpose of this study is to compare improvements in brain perceptual motor functional characteristics and cognitive levels in different populations by response ability training, and to explore the efficacy and safety of exercise-based non- pharmacological therapies in improving cognitive function. Other potential benefits include understanding the functional differences and perceptual characteristics of the brain's perceptual-motor system between athletes and the general population, and exploring the adaptability of the brain for acquiring skills during training in competitive sports, thus providing an evidence base for early sports talent development and broader youth development. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ID: ChiCTR2400079602. Registered 8 Jan 2024, Available at: www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=215669 Abbreviations: AD=Alzheimer's disease (AD), DMC=data Monitoring Committee, fMRI=functional magnetic resonance imaging.