Development Of Suicidal Ideation Research Articles

The mediating role of sleep problems and depressed mood between psychological abuse/neglect and suicidal ideation in adolescent childhood: a multicentred, large sample survey in Western China

BackgroundAdolescent suicidal ideation are associated with factors including psychological abuse/neglect, sleep problems, and depressed mood, but the systematic effects of these factors on suicidal ideation remain unclear, which is a research gap this work aims to fill.MethodsA multi-center, the cluster sampling method was employed to collect general demographic data, such as age, gender, the experience of being left behind, and parents’ marital status, from 12,192 students across 17 secondary schools in China. The Child Psychological Abuse and Neglect Scale (CPANS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Chinese version of the Depressed mood, Anxiety and Stress Scale − 21 Items (DASS-21) and Chinese version of Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation Inventory (PANSI) were utilized. Data were analyzed using t-tests, chi-square tests, correlation analyses, and structural equation modeling mediation analyses.ResultsThe prevalence of psychological abuse/neglect and adolescent suicidal ideation was 34.8% and 13%, respectively. This mediation analysis suggests that, in the relationship between psychological abuse/neglect and suicidal ideation, sleep problems and depressed mood play both parallel and sequential mediating roles.ConclusionSleep problems and depressed mood play a mediating role in the development of suicidal ideation in adolescents. Good sleep habits and depressed mood interventions help reduce the risk of suicidal ideation in adolescents who experience psychological neglect/abuse.

The impact of moral injury on suicide risk among recently discharged Israeli veterans: A longitudinal moderated mediation model of trauma-related guilt and self-forgiveness.

Exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) during military service has been associated with heightened trauma-related guilt levels, which in turn, could increase suicide risk among combat veterans. However, no longitudinal study has established temporal associations between these variables while examining a Moderated mediation model with self-forgiveness as a possible moderator of the PMIEs-suicide risk links during the first year following discharge. Participants were 374 active-duty Israeli combatants who participated in a 5-year longitudinal study with three measurement points: 1 month before discharge from army service (T1), then 6 months (T2), and 12 months (T3) following their discharge. Data were assessed through semistructured interviews and validated self-report questionnaires. All PMIE dimensions at T1 were negatively associated with self-forgiveness at T1 and positively associated with levels of trauma-related guilt at T2 and suicide risk at T3. Our longitudinal moderated mediation model findings indicate that, among those reporting low levels of self-forgiveness, higher levels of PMIE-Self and PMIE-Others at T1 contribute to trauma-related guilt levels at T2, which, in turn, are linked to a higher suicide risk at T3 among those reporting low levels of self-forgiveness. Experiencing PMIEs, especially PMIE-Self and PMIE-Other, proved to be validated predictors of trauma-related guilt and, in turn, of suicide risk during the first year after the veterans' discharge. Combatants at their discharge from the military should have access to targeted self-forgiveness interventions, as these interventions can have a buffering effect on the development of suicidal ideation and behaviors following PMIEs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Association between long working hours and the development of suicidal ideation among female workers: An 8-year population-based study using the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women & Family (2012–2020)

Long working hours and overwork have recently emerged as pressing public health concerns. We explored the association between long working hours and suicidal ideation in female workers. A total of 8017 women (24,331 observations) from the fourth to eighth waves of the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families (2012–2020) were analyzed. To address the repeated measurements within each participant, we employed a generalized estimating equation to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 1.9% for those working 35–40 h/week and 4.4% for those working ≥55 h/week. Compared to individuals working 35–40 h/week, those working ≥55 h/week were more likely to experience concurrent suicidal ideation (OR [95% CI]:1.85 [1.43–2.39]). The OR (95% CI) of the association between long working hours and onset of suicidal ideation in the subsequent wave was 1.69 (1.20–2.38) for ≥55 h/week. In subgroup analysis, this association was pronounced among workers with low-income levels (OR [95% CI]: 1.97 [1.29–3.02]) and blue-collar occupations (OR [95% CI]: 2.27 [1.41–3.66]). Policy efforts are required to protect the mental health of female workers exposed to long working hours.

Suicidality among university students in the Eastern Mediterranean region: A systematic review.

The prevalence of suicide attempts and suicidal ideation among university students is a global concern. Cultural values, social determinants, religion, and especially growing stress all play an important role in this. This systematic review aimed to identify potential protective and risk factors thought to be associated with suicidal ideation among students in the Eastern Mediterranean region and highlight the importance of developing an effective health care response. MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, WHO Global Health Library, IMEMR, Web of Science Core Collections and Farsi and Arabic databases were searched for papers in English, Farsi, and Arabic. A combination of validated filters, free text keywords, and Mesh and Non-Mesh terms were used to retrieve relevant literature. A total of 2774 papers were found after the search, 257 selected for full-text review, and 72 papers included in the final review. Family and peer support play a potential protective role in the development of suicidal ideation among university students, while adverse life events, bullying, depression, anxiety, and other mental health conditions were identified as risk factors. Suicidality was likely under-reported due to stigma around social and cultural factors. Factors involving religion and culture may act as both protective and risk factors and require more in-depth investigation. The student population in the Eastern Mediterranean region face many challenges. The common theme of suicidality emerged as an indicator of an imbalance of resources and stress, which needs to be addressed proactively, given a most likely underreporting of suicidal ideation and attempts due to stigma.

Association between physical multimorbidity and suicidal ideation in young adults with obesity

BackgroundObesity is associated with multimorbidity and both, have an impact on physical and mental health. Previous studies suggested a possible relationship between obesity, multimorbidity and suicidal spectrum, but few studies focused on this association notably in young adults. The aim of the present study was to examine the co-occurring effect of multimorbidity and obesity on suicidal ideation. MethodsCross-sectional analysis of the Canadian Community Health Survey data was conducted. Data from a sample of young adults (18 to 30 years-old) with obesity, of the 2005 (n = 394) and 2015–2016 (n = 295) cycles were analyzed. Multimorbidity, suicidal ideation, and health behaviours were self-reported. ResultsThe prevalence of physical multimorbidity was 12 % in 2005 and 16 % in 2015–2016. Logistic regressions showed an association between multimorbidity and suicidal ideation (2005: OR 3.05, 95 % CI 1.56–5.98; 2015–2016: OR 2.85, 95 % CI 1.40–5.78). Among covariates, the significant association of sex (OR 1.89; 95 % CI 1.11–3.21) and educational status (OR 3.19; 95 % CI 1.47–6.94) in the 2005 cycle, were not replicated in the 2015–2016 cycle (sex: OR 1.01; 95 % CI 0.55–1.85; education: OR 0.97; 95 % CI 0.48–1.96). Finally, no consistent association between health behaviours and suicidal ideation was found. LimitationsData were self-reported, consequently, we cannot discard the possibility of a reporting bias. The study was cross-sectional so no directional conclusion or causality can be drawn. ConclusionMultimorbidity is associated with suicidal ideation among those with obesity. Attention should be given to chronic disease prevention in young people, as the development of suicidal ideation may also be prevented.

Self-burdensomeness, other-burdensomeness, and suicidal ideation

Perceiving oneself as a burden to others (other-burdensomeness), as well as perceiving one's selfhood as a burden (self-burdensomeness), have been proposed as risk factors for suicidal ideation. Yet, it is unclear whether the altruistic motive of being a burden to others or the self-oriented motive of being a burden on oneself is more relevant to suicidal ideation. Given this background, two rival mediation models were tested. Data from N = 228 outpatients (64% female; age: M(SD) = 38.69 (12.27), range:17–65) undergoing psychotherapy were collected at two measurement time points over a three-month period (first measurement = T1, second measurement = T2). The significant positive association between other-burdensomeness (T1) and suicidal ideation (T2) was partially mediated by self-burdensomeness (T1). Furthermore, the significant positive association between self-burdensomeness (T1) and suicidal ideation (T2) was partially mediated by other-burdensomeness (T1). Results suggest that suicidal ideation can develop from both an altruistic, self-sacrificial perception of being a burden to others, as well as from a more self-oriented perception of being a burden to oneself. There is no indication that either self-burdensomeness or other-burdensomeness is a stronger indicator in the development of suicidal ideation.

Suicidal thoughts and burnout among physicians during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain

BackgroundThe exact mechanisms through which the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic could influence the prevalence of suicidal thoughts are not yet known, both in the general population and in health workers. The objectives of the present study are to determine the prevalence of suicidal thoughts in the physician population and to detect sociodemographic and clinical variables associated with presenting suicidal thoughts during the first wave of COVID-19. MethodsCross-sectional observational study via an online survey distributed in Spain in June 2020 via 52 Official Medical Associations. The sample is made up of all practicing and registered physicians in Spain (3,140 of the 270,235 registered physicians in Spain). An online questionnaire which included sociodemographic, professional and work variables, variables related to the pandemic, work data in relation to COVID-19 and clinical variables (medical-psychiatric history and previous suicidal behaviour) was distributed. ResultsIn our sample, the prevalence of serious suicidal thoughts was 6.31% and up to 17.32% of the subjects reported thoughts about killing themselves during the pandemic. Being female (Exp (B)= 1.989, p=0.001), presence of previous suicide attempts (Exp(B)= 6.127, p=<0.001), taking a psychotropic drug (Exp(B)= 2.470, p=<0.001) and working in a different area during the pandemic (Exp(B)= 1.751, p= 0.037) were associated with a higher risk of suicidal ideation. Cohabiting was a protective factor in the development of suicidal ideation although not in all our measures (Exp(B)=0.940, p=0.850 Vs Exp (B)= 0.620, p=0.018). LimitationsThe main limitation of this study is its cross-sectional nature, which prevents establishing a causal relationship. As a strength, it stands out that it is a large sample of the population studied and in a particularly complex context of the pandemic. ConclusionsSuicidal thoughts among the Spanish registered physician population during the pandemic is high and mainly associated with socio-demographic factors, clinical mental health variables, and aspects of job satisfaction.

The relationship between Suicidal Ideation and Internet Gaming Disorder-Game Genres in Adolescents

Objective: Psychiatric disorders can cause the development of suicidal ideation. One of them is internet gaming disorder. Internet gaming disorder is also under the influence of the genres of games played. We have limited information about whether the game genres cause the development of suicidal ideation. In this study, we investigated the relationship between suicidal ideation and internet gaming disorder with game genres. Materials and Method: 1337 adolescent participants aged 12-18 years were included in the study. Demographic and online game data forms, game addiction scale-short form and children's depression scales were filled in by the participants. A comparison was made between the two groups that described suicidal ideation and those that did not. Results: In the comparison, female gender, internet gaming disorder and major depressive disorder were significant between the groups. A significant difference was found only in multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) games among game genres. Conclusion: Suicidal ideation; It is an important public problem leading to suicide planning, attempting and completed suicide. Problematic use of internet video games in adolescents is increasing. We think that some genres of games mediate the development of suicidal ideation.

Trapped in my inner prison—Cross-sectional examination of internal and external entrapment, hopelessness and suicidal ideation

Within the integrated motivational-volitional model of suicidal behavior, entrapment that consecutively leads to hopelessness is considered as a proximal risk factor for suicidal ideation. Entrapment can refer to both external and internal circumstances whereby results of recent studies indicate that internal entrapment plays a more important role than external entrapment in the development of suicidal ideation. It has been considered that to escape internal entrapment might be more complicated than to change external circumstances. However, it remains unclear whether the greater effect of internal entrapment on suicidal ideation is due to greater feelings of hopelessness. Therefore, the aim of this study was to address this research gap and to examine the effects of internal and external entrapment on hopelessness and suicidal ideation. N = 454 participants from a community sample (75% female) aged between 18 and 73 years (M = 29.91, SD = 11.56) conducted a cross-sectional online survey. All participants were assessed for suicidal ideation, hopelessness, and internal as well as external entrapment. Pearson product-moment correlations and two mediation analyses were conducted. All constructs were significantly correlated. For both internal and external entrapment, an effect on suicidal ideation was found. Both effects were partially mediated by hopelessness, this mediation was larger for external entrapment. The completely standardized indirect effect used to compare the mediation models was larger for external entrapment than for internal entrapment. Hopelessness mediated the association between external entrapment as well as internal entrapment and suicidal ideation. This effect was larger for external entrapment.

The Impact of Impulsivity and Academic Achievement on Suicidal Ideation in Adolescents: A Cross-Lagged Panel Analysis

This study used a cross-lagged panel analysis to explore the effect of impulsivity and academic achievement on the development of suicidal ideation in adolescents using three-time assessments with an interval of 6 months. A total of 211 adolescents (104 boys, 107 girls with a mean age of 13.62 ± 0.68 years in the third assessment) completed the Barratt Impulsivity Scale, the Monthly Exam, and the Suicidal Ideation/Suicidal Attempt Questionnaire to evaluate the level of impulsivity, academic achievement, and suicidal ideation, respectively. Our results showed that impulsivity was a primary risk factor of suicidal ideation in adolescents during their early stage in junior high school, especially for girls, while academic achievement had an increasing effect on suicidal ideation as adolescents progressed to the higher grades in junior high school, suggesting that taking appropriate intervention measures at specific stages might be critical to prevent suicidal ideation in adolescents.

Testing the role of inflammation in the relation of childhood maltreatment and suicidal ideation among young adults.

In recent years, the prevalence of suicidal ideation among young adults has been on the rise, with childhood maltreatment thought to partially explain this disparity. Systemic inflammation-a product of over-activation of the body's stress response system-has been hypothesized to play a predictive role in the development of suicidal ideation. Enduring childhood maltreatment can lead to systemic inflammation, possibly accounting for suicidal ideation's increased prevalence among young adults who have a history of childhood maltreatment. The current study sought to investigate the importance of childhood maltreatment as a static risk factor for downstream suicidal ideation in young adulthood with the immunological response (i.e., systemic inflammation) to childhood maltreatment serving as a mediating factor. Systemic inflammation was found to be positively associated with suicidal ideation, supporting the unique role systemic inflammation may play in the pathogenesis of suicidal ideation, though hypotheses regarding childhood maltreatment were not supported. This study provides novel insight into a potential immunobiological model for suicidal ideation development in young adult populations.

Future Directions in Suicide and Self-Injury Revisited: Integrating a Developmental Psychopathology Perspective

ABSTRACT The recent rise in suicide rates among children and adolescents has made suicide prevention in youth a major focus of government agencies and mental health organizations. In 2012, Nock presented future directions in the study of self-injurious thoughts and behavior (SITBs), highlighting the need to better examine which risk factors are associated with “each part of the pathway” to suicidal and non-suicidal self-injury in order to inform prevention and intervention efforts. Over the past decade, we have made important advances in understanding the development of SITBs and effective interventions. However, there are still major gaps of knowledge in our understanding of how to prevent suicide. Researchers have recently called for more studies focusing particularly on the pathway from suicidal ideation to suicidal behavior. However, we caution against prioritizing only a part of the suicide risk continuum (e.g., the transition from suicidal ideation to suicidal behavior) while minimizing research focusing on earlier developmental points of the pathway to suicide (e.g., the first development of suicidal ideation). We emphasize that childhood and adolescence represent a critical opportunity to intervene and prevent SITBs by altering developmental trajectories toward persistent and escalating SITBs over time. We advocate for integrating a developmental psychopathology perspective into future youth suicide research that focuses on how and when risk for SITBs first emerges and develops across childhood into emerging adulthood. This research is critical for informing interventions aimed at bending developmental pathways away from all SITBs. Here, we describe the need for future research that integrates key developmental psychopathology principles on 1) the identification of the continuum from developmentally typical to atypical as SITBs first emerge and develop, particularly among young children in early to middle childhood, 2) the way in which expressions of and risk for SITBs change across development, 3) how SITBs dynamically move along a continuum from typical to atypical over time, and 4) suicide prevention efforts. We also offer recommendations for future directions that focus on identifying disparities in SITBs occurring among minoritized youth within a developmental psychopathology perspective.

Personal growth initiative as a buffer against suicide ideation severity in psychotherapy outpatients with depressive symptoms.

Many people who die by suicide experience major depressive disorder (MDD), but most people with MDD do not die by suicide and many do not report thoughts of death or suicide. This cross-sectional study examined the potential of personal growth initiative (PGI) skills to protect against suicide ideation among adult psychotherapy outpatients. Adult outpatients (N = 178) completed measures of suicide ideation severity (SI), depressive symptom severity (DEP), and PGI skills (PGI) at intake. Although higher DEP significantly correlated with higher suicide ideation, a significant DEP × PGI interaction, indicated significant positive relations between DEP and SI only when PGI was at or below the mean for this sample. PGI skills may function as a protective factor against the development of suicide ideation even in the presence of severe depressive symptoms. This suggests that training PGI skills might prevent or reduce suicide ideation among depressed patients.

People in Custody With a Suicidal History: An Ideation-to-Action Perspective Involving Individuals Incarcerated in Two U.S. Jails

Objective Despite high suicide mortality in U.S. jails, little is known about the cognitive (ideation) and behavioral (attempt) spectrum of suicide risk in this population. Identifying factors associated with the development of suicidal ideation, as well as the translation of thoughts to acts of suicide, is important for suicide prevention. Method Using data from a cross-sectional study conducted in 2018–2019, we investigated suicidal ideation and attempt among 548 individuals incarcerated in jail in the United States. Specifically, we compared those with suicidal ideation (n = 212) to those without suicidal ideation (n = 336), as well as compared those who had experienced suicidal ideation and attempted suicide (n = 114) to those who thought about suicide without making an attempt (n = 98), on a range of sociodemographic and clinical factors. Results Over one-third (38.7%) of participants had a history of suicidal ideation, whereas 23.3% had attempted suicide. In the adjusted analyses, a family history of suicide (OR = 2.09), drug use (OR = 2.26), social support (OR = 0.61), and self-harm (OR = 24.93) were linked to suicidal ideation. No wish to live (OR = 5.26) and interpersonal violence while intoxicated (OR = 2.41) were associated with the progression from suicidal ideation to a suicide attempt. Conclusions Consistent with extant theoretical and empirical work, findings suggest that factors linked to the development of suicidal cognitions differ from those underlying the progression from suicidal ideation to a (non-lethal) suicide attempt. HIGHLIGHTS Suicidal risk is particularly high among individuals who are incarcerated in jail. Factors linked to suicidal ideation differ from those underlying acts of suicide. Ideators and attempters possess a different set of targets for intervention.

Metacognition, rumination and suicidal ideation: An experience sampling test of the self-regulatory executive function model

A relationship between rumination and suicidal ideation is well-evidenced. A role for thought suppression has also been suggested but under-explored. The present study assessed the relative contribution of rumination and a range of thought control strategies in the understanding of suicidal ideation, within the theoretical framework of the self-regulatory executive function (S-REF) model (Wells & Matthews, 2015). Twenty-four participants who had experienced suicidal ideation in the last two months completed trait-level measures of metacognitive beliefs and momentary sampling measures of thought control strategy use, rumination and suicidal ideation over six days. Maladaptive thought control strategy use (worry and punishment), alongside rumination, predicted suicidal ideation. Adaptive strategies (distraction, social control and reappraisal) emerged as negative predictors. Metacognitive beliefs about the need to control thoughts predicted the use of punishment- but not worry-based thought control strategies. Thought control strategy use is as important in the development of suicidal ideation as rumination. The S-REF model represents a promising new approach to understanding these processes in the development of suicidal ideation.

Defeat, entrapment, and suicidal ideation: Twelve-month trajectories.

Defeat and entrapment have been highlighted in the development of suicidal ideation within the Integrated Motivational-Volitional model of suicidal behavior. Research suggests that entrapment has to be differentiated into internal and external entrapment. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between defeat, internal, external entrapment, and suicidal ideation within and prospectively over measurements. A sample of 308psychiatric inpatients (53% female) aged 18 to 81years (M=36.92, SD=14.30) was assessed for the four constructs after admission to a psychiatric ward and six, nine, and twelve months later. Multilevel analyses were conducted to examine associations. Defeat was associated with (a change in) internal and external entrapment. Defeat predicted a change in internal entrapment over time. Defeat and internal, but not external, entrapment were associated with (a change in) suicidal ideation. Internal entrapment was able to predict suicidal ideation. Internal entrapment and defeat predicted a change in suicidal ideation over time. Results highlight the importance to distinguish between internal and external entrapment, and their specific association with suicidal ideation. Perceptions of internal entrapment are of central relevance when experiencing suicidal ideation and should be considered in clinical practice.

Prognostic evaluation of suicidality and development of risk factors in victims of physical and emotional child abuse and emotional/psychological neglect

AimsTo evaluate the effects of childhood maltreatment, specifically physical and emotional abuse and emotional/psychological neglect on the development of suicidal ideation, depressive symptoms and self-harm. It is hypothesised that there will be a strong causal link between the aforementioned types of maltreatment with suicidality, depression and self-harm.BackgroundChild abuse is a major public health issue with profound developmental and mental health consequences towards victims and their contributions to society as a whole. The impact of sexual abuse is well-established, however non-sexual child maltreatment and its sequelae are not as well understood or studied.MethodA literature search was carried out using the Pubmed, Cochrane, Scopus and Google Scholar databases. Articles were appraised according to set criteria and manually screened for relevance to the review.ResultThe results of this review demonstrate that there are statistically significant, potentially causal links between emotional and physical abuse, and emotional/psychological neglect with suicidal ideation, depressive symptoms and self-harm. More research is still required to elucidate the role of polyvictimisation in mental health outcomes and to further confirm these links between abuse and development.ConclusionChild maltreatment remains a large public health issue with major impact on the economy of the world. It has profound, potentially lifelong consequences on victims and is something that needs to lose its stigma so that it can be identified earlier and potential damage prevented as far as possible. The future may lie in working to remove the stigma surrounding it, standardise how it is studied and thus learn to recognise the signs earlier – ideally leading to implementation of policy to get victims to safety, preventing unncecessary harm.

Entrapment and suicidal ideation: The protective roles of presence of life meaning and reasons for living.

The integrated motivational-volitional model of suicide proposes that feelings of entrapment play a key role in the development of suicidal ideation. The model also posits a set of motivational moderators which either facilitate or hinder the development of suicidal thinking when entrapment is present. These motivational moderators include factors such as attitudes, future goals, thwarted belongingness, and social support. Two previously studied protective factors against suicide, reasons for living and life meaning, have received support in suicidology and might serve as motivational moderators in this model. The current cross-sectional study included college students (N=195) oversampled for recent suicidal ideation who took a series of self-report questionnaires online. Our findings demonstrated that both reasons for living and life meaning are protective against the relation between entrapment and suicidal ideation, especially when presence of life meaning and reasons for living of high. Search for life meaning was found demonstrated a less protective relation with SI severity, particularly when reasons for living were low. Both motivational moderators demonstrated protective relationships with suicidal ideation and may be relevant to suicide prevention strategies. Limitations and future directions are discussed.

Ideation-to-action framework variables involved in the development of suicidal ideation: A network analysis

In the field of suicide, three theories (the interpersonal theory of suicide—IPTS, the integrated motivational–volitional—IMV—model, and the three-step theory—3ST) have emerged within the ideation-to-action framework. These theories distinguish between two processes, the development of suicidal ideation and the progression from ideation to suicidal action. In relation to the development of suicidal ideation, each theory proposes different key elements (perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness—IPTS; defeat and entrapment—IMV; and psychological pain and hopelessness—3ST). Through the implementation of network analysis, specifically Gaussian graphical models (GGMs), this study aims to explore the relationship between the variables of the three theories and their relationship (direct and indirect) with suicidal desire after partialing out all the other variables. In this cross-sectional study, 644 young adults, selected according to age, sex, and educational level, completed an online survey. The network analysis indicated that all the variables, except thwarted belongingness, formed a network model with strong connections. Defeat is the most central variable, and it has the greatest influence in the network. Suicidal desire is only connected directly to perceived burdensomeness, psychological pain, and defeat. The development of suicidal ideation could be understood as a complex set of concurrent and potentially interactive variables.

Reexamining the latent structure of suicidal thoughts using taxometric analysis: Implications for testing ideation to action theoretical models of suicidal thoughts and behavior.

A central question in psychological science concerns whether psychological constructs are best conceptualized as dimensional or consist of one or more categories. The present study uses contemporary taxometric procedures to examine the latent structure of suicidal thoughts, with implications for how suicidal thoughts and behavior (STB) ought to be conceptualized, assessed, measured, and managed. Three nonredundant taxometric procedures (MAMBAC, MAXEIG, and L-Mode) were performed on various sets of indicators, and analyses were replicated across two large samples that included large numbers of individuals reporting current and recent STB. Results provide further evidence that the latent structure of suicidal thoughts is best understood as dimensional. However, inconsistent findings across studies and the relatively small number of taxometric studies conducted to date both suggest that it is premature to draw clear or definitive conclusions about the latent structure of STB being dimensional or categorical based on taxometric evidence. We report a meta-analysis of the current literature which evidences this ambiguity. We provide a detailed, critical discussion of the STB taxometric literature and outline key directions for future taxometric studies in this area, particularly how taxometric analysis relates to testing "ideation to action" theoretical models, which hypothesize that the development of suicidal ideation and the progression from suicide desire to attempting suicide are distinct processes with distinct explanations/mechanisms. It remains entirely possible that qualitatively distinct types of STB (e.g., representing ideation vs. action) or populations have different latent structures indicating different levels of risk. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).