Ideation-to-action framework variables involved in the development of suicidal ideation: A network analysis

Abstract

In the field of suicide, three theories (the interpersonal theory of suicide—IPTS, the integrated motivational–volitional—IMV—model, and the three-step theory—3ST) have emerged within the ideation-to-action framework. These theories distinguish between two processes, the development of suicidal ideation and the progression from ideation to suicidal action. In relation to the development of suicidal ideation, each theory proposes different key elements (perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness—IPTS; defeat and entrapment—IMV; and psychological pain and hopelessness—3ST). Through the implementation of network analysis, specifically Gaussian graphical models (GGMs), this study aims to explore the relationship between the variables of the three theories and their relationship (direct and indirect) with suicidal desire after partialing out all the other variables. In this cross-sectional study, 644 young adults, selected according to age, sex, and educational level, completed an online survey. The network analysis indicated that all the variables, except thwarted belongingness, formed a network model with strong connections. Defeat is the most central variable, and it has the greatest influence in the network. Suicidal desire is only connected directly to perceived burdensomeness, psychological pain, and defeat. The development of suicidal ideation could be understood as a complex set of concurrent and potentially interactive variables.