Development Of Spontaneous Leukemia Research Articles

The Effect of Synthetic and Natural Antioxidants on the Emergence and Development of Malignant Tumors

The effect of different doses of synthetic antioxidant b-(4-hydroxy- 3,5-ditertbutylphenyl), propionic acid (phenosan) and savory essential oil on the development of spontaneous leukemia was studied. The drug efficiency was determined from the survival curves, animal life spans, and the incidence of leukemia. Phenosan is characterized by clear antitumor activity in therapeutic (10 -4 mol/kg) and ultra-low (10 -14 mol/kg) doses. The dose of 10 -14 mol/kg increases the life span. The savory essential oil in low doses mixed with drinking water (150 ng/ml) or food (2,5 mg/g) increased the average lifetime of mice by 20-35 %. The low doses of these drugs seem promising as preventive drugs.

Effect of antioxidant β-(4-hydroxy-3,5-ditertbutylphenyl)Propionic acid (phenosan) on the development of malignant neoplasms

The effect of different doses of synthetic antioxidant beta-(4-hydroxy-3,5-ditertbutylphenyl)propionic acid (phenosan) on the development of spontaneous leukemia in AKR mice was studied. The drug efficiency was determined from the survival curves, animal life spans, and the incidence of leukemia. Phenosan exhibited a pronounced antitumor activity at therapeutic (10(-4) mol/kg, 4 administrations) and ultra-low (10(-14) mol/kg, 4 administrations) doses. The dose of 10(-4) mol/kg proved most efficient to increase the life span of the shortlived subpopulation, while the dose of 10(-14) mol/kg increased the life span of the long-lived subpopulation. The ultra-low dose of the drug seems promising as a prophylactic agent.

Properties of mouse leukemia viruses: XX. Variation of AKR substrains in response to antibody therapy

In previous reports in this series, we have demonstrated that treatment of young AKR mice with IgG prepared against the viral envelope glycoprotein suppresses the development of spontaneous leukemia. Moreover, animals exhibiting high anti-viral antibody titers can transfer protection to their offspring. In this report we have extended the studies to another strain of AKR mice and find that the ability to transfer protection to offspring was not obtained. Foster nursing experiments were therefore conducted and their outcomes are indicative that maternal factors may be responsible for this phenomenon.

Genetic and viral factors influencing the development of spontaneous leukemia in AKR mice

Factors influencing the development of spontaneous leukemia were studied in a genetic cross that was prepared between leukemia-prone AKR and leukemia-resistant C57BL/6 mice. Two hundred mice of the AKR x (C57BL/6 x AKR)F 1 backcross were examined for (a) the production of endogenous N-ecotropic murine leukemia virus (MuLV), (b) the production of anti-viral antibodies, (c) phenotype at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), (d) phenotype at the Fv-1(Gpd-1) region, and (e) mortality due to leukemia or other natural causes. Although mice of this cross contained at least one genetic complement of AKR ecotropic MuL V and were expected to produce high levels of infectious virus, a variety of secondary factors influenced the level of MuLV that was detectable in extracellular fluids. The titer of ecotropic MuLV in individual mice was found to relate strongly and simultaneously to the Fv-1(Gpd-1) phenotype and to the titer of anti-viral antibodies in sera. Thus, the levels of infectious MuLV were significantly lower in mice of the Fv-1 n/b genotype and in mice that produced high titers of anti-gp70 antibodies. The production of anti-gp70 antibodies, on the other hand, was regulated independently by the MHC phenotype and the sex of the mouse. High antibody titers were found to be associated with the MHC b/k haplotype and with the female sex. Survival data derived during a 24 month period were used to determine associations between virus expression and death caused by thymic leukemia, nonthymic leukemia, and other natural causes. Regression analysis indicated that genes which mapped within the Fv-1(Gpd-1) region were the most important determinants of the risk of thymic leukemia mortality. Although there was a mild additive effect on mortality associated with the high production of ecotropic MuLV, it appeared that additional factors controlled by genes in the Fv-1(Gpd-1) region were most responsible for the dramatic susceptibility of AKR mice to thymic leukemias. Although the presence of these factors were indicated in this study, their mode of action was not defined. In addition, it was also found that the production of anti-viral antibodies influenced the mortality caused by thymic leukemias. This association, however, could be largely explained by the inverse relationship that existed between the level of detectable ecotropic MuLV and the titer of anti-gp70 antibodies. Last, it was noted that mortality caused by nonthymic leukemias was not significantly influenced by phenotypic variation in either the Fv-1(Gpd-1) region or in the expression of ecotropic MuLV. This finding suggested that leukemias of thymic and nonthymic origin had different etiologies.

Antitumor tests of amygdalin in spontaneous animal tumor systems

In a series of 6 experiments with CD8F1 mice with spontaneous mammary adenocarcinomas Sugiura noted by macrovisual observation with some histology an overall average of 21% of mice with lung metastases when treated with 1,000--2,000 mg/kg/day of amygdalin compared with 90% of the control mice. The significance attributed to those early observations is seriously challenged by the negative findings of 3 independent investigators, by 2 out of 3 negative cooperative experiments in which Sugiura participated, and particularly by the blind experiment in which he and others under blind readings found no anticancer activity. Treatment of Swiss albino mice showed no destructive effect upon their spontaneous mammary adenocarcinomas. Of the treated mice, 22% were found by macrovisual observation to have lung metastases while 91% were noted among the controls. The results are subject to questions raised in the discussion. Amygdalin at 2,000 mg/kg/day was ineffective both in treating and preventing the development of spontaneous leukemia in AKR mice. At 1,000 mg/kg/day it was not found effective in preventing or significantly delaying the development of spontaneous mammary tumors in CD8F1 mice. In summary, we do not have evidence to support taking amygdalin to clinical trial, although other considerations may require that one be conducted.

Influence of splenectomy on the development of leukemia in male mice of the ICRC strain

The spleen has been implicated in the development of spontaneous leukemia in the ICRC strain of mice. Removal of the spleen does not reduce the incidence of leukemia in these mice. Splenectomy, following inoculation of leukemic cells, did not suppress the disease. It appears that organs other than the spleen are involved in the development of the leukemia. The failure of splenectomized mice to develop leukemia when implanted with leukemic cells cannot be explained.

Viral Etiology of Mouse Leukemia

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the principal experimental findings referring to the viral etiology of mouse leukemia that have been accumulated during the preceding decade. Leukemia is a relatively rare disease in mice. Although exact data are not available, it is apparent that the natural incidence of spontaneous leukemia in a mixed population of mice is relatively low. However, figures are available only for mice of certain inbred strains. One of the principal factors responsible for the development of spontaneous leukemia in mice was genetic, and thus inherited from one generation to another. Among the nongenetic factors recognized to influence the incidence of spontaneous leukemia in mice were estrogenic hormones, removal of thymus, and restriction of caloric food intake. A relatively high incidence of leukemia or allied neoplasms can be induced with hormones, carcinogenic chemicals, or by total-body X-ray irradiation in mice of various strains, which, under normal conditions of life, remain essentially free from this disease when undisturbed. Transmission of spontaneous lymphatic mouse leukemia by filtrates succeeded when filtrates prepared from Ak mice with spontaneous lymphatic leukemia were inoculated into newborn mice of the low leukemic C3H strain. The chapter also discusses the natural epidemiology of the leukemic virus in mice. The inoculation of cell-free Ak leukemic extracts into newborn mice of the Ak strain greatly accelerated the development of spontaneous leukemia in such animals. The leukemic agent is a submicroscopic spherical particle which readily passes bacteria-tight filters. The leukemic virus was found to be relatively sensitive to moderate heating.

Studies on the relationship of viral infections to leukemia in mice. III. Failure to demonstrate acceleration of leukemia in mature AKR mice by cell-free brain filtrates from leukemic animals of the same strain.

CancerVolume 14, Issue 3 p. 496-501 ArticleFree Access Studies on the relationship of viral infections to leukemia in mice. III. Failure to demonstrate acceleration of leukemia in mature AKR mice by cell-free brain filtrates from leukemic animals of the same strain Robert E. Carter M.D., Robert E. Carter M.D. Bobs Roberts Memorial Hospital for Children, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.Search for more papers by this authorMila I. Pierce M.D., Mila I. Pierce M.D. Bobs Roberts Memorial Hospital for Children, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.Search for more papers by this author Robert E. Carter M.D., Robert E. Carter M.D. Bobs Roberts Memorial Hospital for Children, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.Search for more papers by this authorMila I. Pierce M.D., Mila I. Pierce M.D. Bobs Roberts Memorial Hospital for Children, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.Search for more papers by this author First published: May/June 1961 https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(199005/06)14:3<496::AID-CNCR2820140307>3.0.CO;2-NCitations: 4AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References 1 Carter, R. E., and Pierce, M. I.: Studies on relationship of viral infections to leukemia in mice; II, effect of sublethal neurotropic viral infections on development of spontaneous leukemia in AKR mice. Cancer 12: 857– 860, 1959. 2 Dulaney, A. D.: Parotid gland tumor in AKR mice inoculated when newborn with cell-free AK leukemic extracts. Cancer Res. 16: 877– 879, 1956. 3 Friend, C.: Cell-free transmission in adult Swiss mice of disease having character of leukemia. J. Exper. Med. 105: 307– 318, pl. 24–27, 1957. 4 Furth, J.; Buffett, R. F.; Banasiewicz-Rodriguez, M., and Upton, A. C.: Character of agent inducing leukemia in newborn mice. Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 93: 165– 172, 1956. 5 Gross, L.: “Spontaneous” leukemia developing in C3H mice following inoculation, in infancy, with AK-leukemic extracts or AK-embryos. Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 76: 27– 32, 1951. 6 Latarjet, R.: Biologic considerations on viral theory of leukemia. In Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress of the International Society of Hematology. New York, N.Y. Grune & Stratton, Inc. 1958; pp. 11– 18. 7 Law, L. W.; Dunn, T. B., and Boyle, P. J.: Neoplasms in C3H strain and in F1 hybrid mice of 2 crosses following introduction of extracts and filtrates of leukemic tissues. J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 16: 495– 539, 1955. 8 Schoolman, H. M.; Spurrier, W.; Schwartz, S. O., and Szanto, P. B.: Studies in leukemia; VII, induction of leukemia in Swiss mice by means of cell-free filtrates of leukemic mouse brain. Blood 12: 694– 700, 1957. 9 Schwartz, S. O., and Schoolman, H. M.: Etiology of leukemia; status of virus as causative agent; review. Blood 14: 279– 294, 1959. 10 Schwartz, S. O.; Schoolman, H. M., and Spurrier, W.: Studies in leukemia; IX, induction of leukemia in adult C3H mice by means of cell-free brain filtrates. J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 53: 233– 240, 1959. 11 Schwartz, S. O.; Schoolman, H. M., and Szanto, P. B.: Studies in leukemia; IV, acceleration of development of AKR lymphoma by means of cell-free filtrates. Cancer Res. 16: 559– 564, 1956. 12 Stewart, S. E.: Neoplasms in mice inoculated with cell-free extracts or filtrates of leukemic mouse tissues; II, leukemia in hybrid mice produced by cell-free filtrates. J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 16: 41– 53, 1955. 13 Wolley, G. W., and Small, M. C.: Experiments on cell-free transmission of mouse leukemia. Cancer 9: 1102– 1106, 1956. Citing Literature Volume14, Issue3May/June 1961Pages 496-501 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Studies on the relationship of viral infections to leukemia in mice. II. The effect of sublethal neurotropic viral infections on the development of spontaneous leukemia in AKR mice.

Studies on the relationship of viral infections to leukemia in mice. II. The effect of sublethal neurotropic viral infections on the development of spontaneous leukemia in AKR mice.

The Effects of Cortisone on the Development of Spontaneous Leukemia in Mice and on Its Induction by Irradiation

Abstract The development of spontaneous lymphoma in a high leukemia strain of mice was inhibited by administration of cortisone, although the hormone-induced atrophy of the thymus and other lymphoid tissues was only transient. Inhibition of lymphoma formation resulted from only three successive daily injections of cortisone but was greater if the cortisone administration was prolonged for three months. A high incidence of myeloid leukemia was induced in a low-leukemia strain of mice by a single exposure to 350 r of x-radiation. Cortisone was without effect on the induction of myeloid leukemia. Cortisone administered preirradiation increased, and postirradiation decreased, the incidence of radiation-induced lymphomas in male mice.

Accelerated Development of Spontaneous Leukemia and Mammary Carcinoma in Mice After Ingestion of Carcinogenic Hydrocarbon*

Acta Pathologica Microbiologica ScandinavicaVolume 21, Issue 3 p. 472-479 Accelerated Development of Spontaneous Leukemia and Mammary Carcinoma in Mice After Ingestion of Carcinogenic Hydrocarbon* J. Engelbreth-Holm, J. Engelbreth-Holm University Institute of Pathological Anatomy, Copenhagen.Search for more papers by this authorO. Poulsen, O. Poulsen University Institute of Pathological Anatomy, Copenhagen.Search for more papers by this author J. Engelbreth-Holm, J. Engelbreth-Holm University Institute of Pathological Anatomy, Copenhagen.Search for more papers by this authorO. Poulsen, O. Poulsen University Institute of Pathological Anatomy, Copenhagen.Search for more papers by this author First published: July 1944 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1944.tb04960.xCitations: 4 * The studies here presented were carried out with the aid of grants from Anders Hasselbalchs Leukæmifond, Kong Christian X's Fond and from the National League for Combating of Cancer. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume21, Issue3July 1944Pages 472-479 RelatedInformation