Development Of Small Scale Industries Research Articles

Degradation kinetics of lycopene from red amaranth & preparation of winter melon jelly using this lycopene and comparison with commercial jelly

This study was conducted to observe the storage conditions, such as solvent and temperature, of lycopene content and degradation kinetics from red amaranth (Amaranthus gangeticus). Jelly was prepared using the extracted lycopene, the physicochemical properties and lycopene content. The extract with the maximum amount of lycopene was obtained by extraction with hexane, acetone and ethanol (2:1:1),50 ± 9 mg/kg. Higher lycopene degradation was observed at refrigerated temperature as compared to ambient temperature in hexane acetone (6:4) solvent throughout the storage periods. In this period, the initial lycopene concentration was measured to be 17 ± 8 mg/kg, whereas at the end of the storage time, it was found to be 3.0 ± 0.8 mg/kg. Hence, the results indicate that the hexane, acetone, and ethanol (in a ratio of 2:1:1) solvent method is viable for extracting and purifying lycopene from red amaranth at refrigerated temperature. This lycopene can serve as both a natural colorant and a value-added product. However, it is worth noting that lycopene can also be extracted and purified using recrystallization, column chromatography, and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) methods. The Winter melon jelly using lycopene from red amaranth contained moisture 29.6 %, ash 0.67 %, acidity 0.35 %, reducing sugar 26.8 %, non-reducing sugar 35.4 %, total soluble solid 66°brix and lycopene content 26.04 mg/kg. Proper utilization of lycopene extracted from red amaranth during the preparation of bakery, confectionary, baby food etc., may help and encourage the development of small-scale industries in the country.

Contributions of Cooperative Societies to the Development of Small-Scale Industries: A Case Study of Selected Pure Water Manufacturing Firms in Aniocha South L.G.A Delta-State

The quest for economic survival has made several Nigerians delve into small-scale businesses which has improved the per-capita income of the average Nigerians, and led to the initiation of the Cooperative Scheme. This research unveils the significance of the cooperative society and its multiple effects on the small-scale firms. The benefits inherent in the cooperative societies and the small-scale business are highlighted; and its constraints, funding and prospects are equally identified. Some relevant research instruments aided the methodological approach and consequently, the justification of the empirical study. The study shows that if cooperatives play their proper role in the development of small scale business, specifically pure water manufacturing firms, other entrepreneurs will be encouraged to establish and consolidate their enterprise in a record time. Finally, based on response comparison, the study also shows that the considered factors that affect the contributions of cooperative societies to small scale business development are very significant; and hence should not be overlooked.

Contributions of Cooperative Societies to the Development of Small-Scale Industries: A Case Study of Selected Pure Water Manufacturing Firms in Aniocha South L.G.A Delta-State

The quest for economic survival has made several Nigerians delve into small-scale businesses which has improved the per-capita income of the average Nigerians, and led to the initiation of the Cooperative Scheme. This research unveils the significance of the cooperative society and its multiple effects on the small-scale firms. The benefits inherent in the cooperative societies and the small-scale business are highlighted; and its constraints, funding and prospects are equally identified. Some relevant research instruments aided the methodological approach and consequently, the justification of the empirical study. The study shows that if cooperatives play their proper role in the development of small scale business, specifically pure water manufacturing firms, other entrepreneurs will be encouraged to establish and consolidate their enterprise in a record time. Finally, based on response comparison, the study also shows that the considered factors that affect the contributions of cooperative societies to small scale business development are very significant; and hence should not be overlooked.

A Review of Some Agricultural Wastes in Nigeria for Sustainability in the Production of Structural Concrete

A review of agricultural wastes available in Nigeria that is suitable for use in concrete industry, in order to attain sustainability in structural concrete production and practice, is presented in this paper. The wastes reviewed are: Cassava Peel Ash (CPA), Empty Palm Oil Fruit Brunch Ash (EPO-FBA), Rice Husk Ash (RHA), and Saw Dust Ash (SDA). Others were Palm Kernel Shell Ash (PKSA), Groundnut Husk Ash (GHA), Corncob Ash (CA), and Egg Shell Powder (ESP). The study revealed that some agricultural wastes that have potential for use as supplementary cementing material (SCM) for cement in the production of structural concrete abounds in Nigeria. It was also revealed that the necessity of standardization of procedures for testing of such wastes so that structural performance index can be compared. In addition, there is also the need for the development of classification methods similar to that of fly ash, so that their use can be enhanced. Using these waste materials in concrete will lead to sustainability in concrete production, reduction in the use of natural non-renewable resources, innovativeness in the use of wastes, and the development of small-scale industries.

Development of Small Scale Industry in Rangpur Division of Bangladesh: Employee Perception

The financial result of a business largely depends on the employees’ satisfaction. When employees feel happy, then they contribute more attention to the work, show more sincerity. As a result, the production of the organization is increased, and finally, the profit is increased. The study has attempted to find out the perception of employees towards the growth and development of small scale industry in the Rangpur Division of Bangladesh during 2013-14 to 2017-18. The study is empirical. An interview was taken for 400 small-scale industry workers from 16 upazilas through a questionnaire. They were asked about their perception of the growth and development of this industry. The perception of the employee is measured by the Likert scale. The result shows that the participation in decision-making/ implementation perception contains the highest value of 51.0% satisfactory level and the excellent level of satisfaction holds the lowest value of 3.25%. Perquisites structure perception holds the highest value of 48% at a satisfactory level, health, and safety facility perception holds that 36.0% of employees are satisfied. On the other hand, 48% of employees are satisfied in job security perception and the bonus and incentive contain 56.0% of employees are satisfied. For day-care center facilities, 83.0% of employees are dissatisfied. The result concludes that employees show very poor satisfaction in perquisites structure, health, and safety facility, bonus and incentive, day-care center, termination policy, leave policy, and entertainment opportunities. It is mathematically proved that, if the employees are satisfied, then the growth of the organization will be increased. As a result, it is important to satisfy employees properly for the growth and development of the SSI. If that can be done properly, the sustainable development of small-scale industries is possible.

EFFECT OF ECONOMIC DEPRESSION ON GROWTH OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISES: A STUDY OF AWKA SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA

This research work studied the effect of economic depression on the growth of small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) in Awka South Local Government Area, Anambra State and their contribution to economic growth. This research focuses on the extent to which economic hardship affects the operations and activities of SMEs in Awka South. The study was conducted in Awka South Local Government Area, Anambra State. Data for the study were collected from a representative sample of one hundred (100) SMEs entrepreneurs in the area. A systematic sampling technique would be used to select the respondents. The result of the analyses showed that economic depression impairs the growth of SMEs in Awka South Local Government Area, Anambra State. There should be adequate provision of infrastructures, government should give special consideration to SMEs by patronizing SMEs output, government should attract international financial institutions towards the growth and development of small scale industries in Awka South and Nigeria at large etc. 
 
 JEL: L20; L23; L53
 
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Development of CNC Milling Machine for Small Scale Industry

The development of small-scale industry (SME) has increased the demand of small-scale CNC machines since the implementation of machine in production of small-scale product shown a profitable economic value. The use of machines in the fabrication of small part has been proven to increase product production efficiency as well as reduce product costs. This is able to increase the business profits of small companies and push the business development to a higher level. The main purpose of this paper is to discuss the development of 3-axis CNC machines using integration between microcontroller as main controller and spindle drill. The main application of this built machine is to cut and carve low-hard materials such as wood and acrylic material. The design product to be fabricate is sent to the microcontroller through a serial communication system. The microcontroller will control the movement of the spindle drill according to the point coordinates to perform the desired engraving or cutting according to the desired design. Three tests to determine the quality of product production are carry out. The tests are surface section, circular test and axial perpendicular test which can determine the accuracy of cutting geometry such as position, straight, roll, tone, evaporate and perpendicular to the work section under certain tool grooves and feed rate. The results of tests carried out on the products produced by the 3-axis CNC machine developed showed that this machine has a cutting and engraving accuracy of 98.5% and a depth accuracy of 100% for wood and archival materials. This machine is suitable for carving 2D and 3D objects with a maximum size of 30 cm x 30 cm.

Megaprojects, mirages and miracles: territorializing the Delhi–Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) and state restructuring in contemporary India

ABSTRACT Large-scale inter-city infrastructure projects are proliferating across the Global South as industrial policy-makers have used spatial planning to purposefully transform regions’ economic and urban geographies. The Make in India policy and its promotion of industrial development corridors is emblematic of these trends, and this paper explores the relationship between this emergent national spatial vision and the subnational governance restructuring necessary for its implementation. We present primary research surrounding the implementation of the Delhi–Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) in Gujarat, and demonstrate that megaprojects present challenges that require subnational governments to act in altered ways. They must be adept in the assembly and delivery of significant parcels of land, and in handling any political fallout this generates. They must also make new arrangements and acquire competences to meet ‘scaled up’ developmental ambitions. Finally, they need to harness the legitimating power that corridors represent through their promises of connection, integration and growth. The Government of Gujarat has enthusiastically embraced the concept of the DMIC, turning spatial planning into a series of externally marketed infrastructure investment opportunities. In pushing its pro-growth agenda, it has overwritten earlier institutions focused on small-scale industrial development, but has not resolved underlying contradictions around land acquisition, or building consensus in support of its entrepreneurial vision. By focusing on this ‘limiting case’, we highlight the crucial role of the subnational state in implementing infrastructure-led development, and the importance of building a contextually rich understanding of its responses to the scaled-up demands megaprojects place upon it.

Moderation effect of competence of knowledge and innovation: case of Bali

PurposeThis paper examines how market orientation and competence of knowledge reinforce the innovation and in turn improve the business performance.Design/methodology/approachThis research applied research design with quantitative approach based on positivism philosophy, that is, research aimed to test the theory and data which is general to produce findings that are special through hypothesis test. This study was supplemented by field studies as a necessary source of data in the form of trends, attitudes, opinions, perceptions of owners, managers or senior employees of SMEs in the textile industry in Bali, related to the variables used in this study.Findings(1) Market orientation influences business performance, (2) competence of knowledge moderates the influence of market orientation on business performance, (3) innovation moderates the influence of market orientation on business performance.Originality/value(1) Novelty of this research is developing the concept of competence of knowledge associated with business performance in which this relationship has not yet been expressed. (2) Building the concept of innovation development of small-scale industry based on the market orientation. (3) Developing the concept of innovative development of small and medium enterprises of textile industry based on competence of knowledge. (4) Investigating the concept of market orientation and competence of knowledge in an integrated and holistic way to strengthen the innovation and business performance of SMEs of the textile industry in Bali.

SILK PRODUCTS AND MARKETING STRATEGY OF A WEAVING INDUSTRY IN ASSAM

Purpose of the study: The present paper attempts to trace the development of the weaving industry in Sualkuchi in the Kamrup district of Assam and tries to understand the organizational structure of the Sualkuchi weaving Industry. The paper also tries to identify the avenues of silk products and their marketing.
 Methodology: In the present research work, an exploratory research design has been adopted. For the primary data, the respondents were selected using purposive sampling and were administered with an interview schedule. Secondary data are collected from Government reports, books, journals and so on.
 Main Findings: The products produced are mainly used for commercial purposes only. As the handloom industry of Sualkuchi is not thoroughly organized and marketing agencies are diverse, the majority of the weavers rely on middlemen to sell their finished products. A sense of professionalism among the weavers and artisans, creation of facilities for easy and quick marketing of hand-woven products is necessary. The unusual sudden price rise in yarn brings untold misery to the industry in the area as production is against advance orders at a predetermined price. There is a need to innovate designs to capture the global market.
 Applications: This research work can be used by students, academicians, policymakers and also government agencies for the upliftment and development of small scale industries.
 Novelty/Originality: The study provides new insight into the problem which might help in formulating policies and programs for the development of this industry, which is technically not always possible. Sociological insights must be made to the existing program for development.

Study of Diabetic Mellitus and Knowledge of Lotion Foot Care on the Community

The prevention of Diabetic Mellitus (DM) and its complications is the main aim of this study, in addition to the training of lotion foot care application and the development of small scale industry. The research team delivered knowledge in the form of training on Diabetic Mellitus, healthy food, treatment and prevention of complications, and small-scale production of cosmetic products. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between training on diabetic and lotion foot care application as preventive measures against diabetic complications on the patient's blood glucose levels in the community of residents in Banyuurip Jaya, Surabaya. It was expected from this training that the knowledge of the residents increases and people living with diabetic undergo lifestyle changes and therefore blood sugar levels can be controlled. The parameters measured in this research were blood glucose levels, the anti diabetic drug types consumed, and compliance on diabetics. This study used the data taken from 60 patients with DM over a period of one month. Questionnaires and log books was used to retrieve data and changes in blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. The results showed the demographic data of patients with type 2 diabetic of 85% female and 15% male, with the range of patients aged of 61-70 years of 46.67% and had history of diabetic (90%). The history of drugs consumed by respondents was anti diabetic drugs such as metformin (40%), glimepiride (33.37%) and insulin (6.67%). In addition, the increased knowledge of DM patients after being given the training compared to before training was shown in several questions in the questionnaire. A statistical analysis using t-test analyzed a correlation between training provided in order to enhance understanding of the patient, as well as correlation with blood glucose levels. A paired T-test showed that there was a relationship between the knowledge of trainees before and after training (p less than 0.05). An interesting result was that there was no relationship between blood glucose levels before and after training provided (p> 0.05).

A REVIEW: DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF MANUALLY OPERATED MOSQUITO REPELLENT COIL MAKING MACHINE

This paper presents design and development of mosquito repellent coil making machine. Mosquitoes are one of the very harmful insect to mankind. Mosquitoes grows everywhere in tropical and subtropical region. With the growth of population, mosquito repellents have emerged as most useful tools in household for preventing mosquito spread diseases. Indian villages and tribal community uses their own techniques as mosquito repellents which are unhazardous to human health while chemical based repellents available in market have side effects on human health. Mosquito coils are the cheapest mosquito repellent available. Manufacturing of mosquito repellent coils require a numbers of processes and its machinery whose cost goes very high depending upon production. This bulk investment is not feasible for development of small scale industries. The purpose of this machine is to manufacture mosquito coils using simple machine with other considerations such as cost, size and easy handling. So there is need of development of such machine which is feasible for small scale industries. This machine design is based on spring lever mechanism with mosquito coil mold for manufacturing of mosquito coils. This machine can play active role for development of rural India

Small Industries Development Bank of India: Functions, Powers and Its Role in Development of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises

Incorporated under the SIDBI Act, 1989 the Small Industries Development Bank of India (hereinafter ‘the Bank’) was established on April 2, 1990 as the principal development financial institution for the promotion, financing and development of small scale industries, to co-ordinate the functions of the institutions engaged in the promotion, financing or developing of such industries and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. Though initially, it came up as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI), it has become an independent financial institution with the current shareholding widely spread among various state-owned banks, insurance companies and financial institutions. Under Chapter II of the Act, SIDBI is a body corporate having perpetual succession and a common seal with power, to acquire, hold and dispose of property and to contract, and in its name can sue and be sued. The head office of the Bank is to be at Lucknow or at such other place as the Central Government may, by notification, shall specify and the Bank shall establish offices, branches or agencies at any place in or outside India.

The Impact of Informal Capital Market on the Development of Small Scale Industries in Nigeria

This research seeks to establish that the small scale industries could be developed through the informal capital market participation provided it is well supported and managed. Obtained for the purpose of this work were secondary data from randomly selected thirty small scales industries and a cooperative society in Osun state. The data were analyzed through the use of SPSS, and the results obtained were made to gain insight on the whole economy. The study found out that the informal capital market plays an active role in small scale industries development and thereby helps in the development of the economy at large. The study however, concludes that massive awareness programmes and campaigns should be conducted on the relevance of informal capital market to the development of small scale industries in Nigeria. This study recommends that Informal capital market should be given proper recognition and adequate consideration in the nation’s financial system. To this effect, government should redesign her regulatory policies to formalize and standardize the operations of the market. However, such regulations should not be framed in a way that will totally cripple or paralyze the market’s activities, but effectively enhance its performance for maximum contribution to development.

An Investigation of Various Government Programs, Trade and Industrial Policies on Growth and Development of Small Scale Industries toward Their Marketing Activities in Nigeria

The study examined various government programs, trade and industrial policies and their impacts on survival, growth and development of Small Scale Industry towards their marketing activities in Nigeria with special focus on Lagos State, Nigeria. The purpose of the study was to find out if there is any significant relationship between trade and industrial policies, growth and development of Small Scale Industry and marketing activities in the country. The federal government of Nigeria has over the years shown great interest in development and supports of Small Scale Industries by formulating various programs, trade and industrial policies to stimulate growth and development of SSI and also ensure adequate financing to the sector. Yet, many Small Scale Industries in the country have either packed up, folded up, operating below average capacity or moved to the neighbouring countries for enabling environment. The dependent variable growth and development of Small Scale Industry was characterized into manpower size, business structure, technological development and advancement, among others. While the independent variable, trade and industrial policies were measured using Likert scale. The results revealed that the government trade and industrial policies have little or no effect on growth and development of Small Scale Industries and marketing activities in Nigeria as indicated by the low enhancement of SSIs development on financial assistance of 49% in Lagos State. The study further showed that government trade and industrial policies have little or no impact on technological development of SSIs in the country as indicated by 93% of SSIs that started with traditional technology which still maintain 49% tradition; 7% semi-mechanized, and 0% full mechanized/automation. It was concluded that trade and industrial policies of government were formulated with good intention to stimulate SSIs development and improve marketing activities of SSIs in the country but bureaucracy, corruption, poor policy implementation and lack of adequate awareness made them very ineffective.

English

  The literature on development problems of small scale industries in Ghana tend to paint a broad brush picture that may lend less relevance to development planning specific to local situations. Drawing on the case of small scale agro-processing industries, this paper examines geo-specific constraints that affect the development of small scale industries in the kassena-Nankana District of North Eastern Ghana. The findings show that industrialists have limited economic access to raw materials and energy supplies owing to environmental factors and the impact of macro-economic policies. There is also spatial inequity in the utilization of engine powered agro-processing technologies as a result of which many rural industrialists depend on man powered agro-processing technologies which have multiple adverse implications for production and growth. The main issues that underpin access to technology are the level of service development at the community level and accessibility to urban towns. There is also limited utilization of credit for capitalization owing to the lack of accessible credit facilities and ignorance while marketing of industrial products is constrained by climatic variability and poor debt recovery. Within the social setting, multiple household roles reduce time allocation of female industrialists to industrial production, while the lack of formal education and over burdened social expenditures present difficult managerial challenges to rural industrialists in general. The authors recommend the promotion of industrial development through a holistic approach to district development planning and management. Given the nature of the local economy, the authors stress the need to facilitate the development of the agricultural sector as pre-conditional and complimentary to the industrial development process.   Key words: Small-scale industries, agro-processing industries, industrial development, macro-economic policies, kassena-Nankana District.

A Study on the Management of Small Scale Enterprises in India During Five Year Plans

The economic development of a country primarily depends upon the establishment of industries, which require sufficient amount of capital. In a country like India, where capital is scarce and unemployment is wide spread, growth of small scale industries is vital in order to achieve balanced economic growth. Development of Small Scale Industries plays an important role in overall economic development of a country like India where millions of people are unemployed or underemployed. Poverty and unemployment are two burning problems of the country today. This sector solves these two problems by providing employment, with lower investments. Despite of favorable polices of government towards encouragement and promotion of small scale industries, unfortunately, figures show that the conditions of small scale industries are not up to the mark. In this junction an earnest attempt has made to analyze the development of small scale industries during five year plans in India as a whole and in Andhra Pradesh in particular.

Bambusa tulda Roxb. in Manipur State, India: Exploring the Local Values and Commercial Implications

Tropical moist climate in Manipur supports rich and luxuriant growth of Bambusa tulda Roxb. locally known as Saneibi, which is endemic to northeastern region and West Bengal of India. It represents one of the most costly species of bamboo in Manipur, its price ranging from Rs. 70-150/-per mature bamboo culm. The meitei Manipuris have a rich traditional knowledge for utilization of this particular bamboo species. In fact, it has got multipurpose use covering several aspects from religious to industrial. Because of its strength and durability it is of great demand on the market. Its young shoots (ushoi) and the fermented young shoots (soibum) represent a significant vegetable for local people. Ushoi costs Rs.10-50/- per piece while soibum cost Rs. 30-50/- per kg. Local medicine man use this for healing properties. It forms a good raw material for various handicraft works, house building, paper industries, fencing, and several other useful equipments for day to day life. This bamboo species could yield more than 15 very commonly used and highly marketable articles with prices ranging from Rs.10/-to Rs 300/-per piece. Therefore, the development of small scale industries with highly skilled handicraftsmen can be profitable. Plantation of this bamboo species on farmland, borders of home garden, foothills, riversides, sides of ponds will prove to be a good business as well as a proper help in the conservation and sustainable management of this endemic species. Traditional mode of propagation is done successfully through off-set planting method. This paper presents a detailed study on this particular bamboo species regarding taxonomy, status of distribution, density, regeneration capacity, traditional uses, methods of processing and its commercial implications highlighting the eco-friendly nature of bamboo plantation and bamboo products.

Non Timber Forest Product Utilizations and Awareness of Small-Scale Industry Development in Forest Communities-a Case Study in East Kalimantan

A lack of livelihood to meet the needs has been one reason why forest communities have utilized non-timber forest products (NTFPs). For some communities living in or around forest areas, NTFPs have been a basic support for their small-scale industries, which could contribute to better income. This study focused on the utilization of NTFPs by forest communities and their awareness in terms of utilizing such products for handicrafts in small-scale industry. This study examined the NTFPs potentials, markets, and social benefits at the five villages in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The villages-surveyed were Batu Lidung, Punan Bengalun, Sesua, Mendupo, and Seputuk which were located in and near forest areas managed by PT Intracawood Manufacturing as a forest concessionaire. The method used was Participatory Rural Appraisal Techniques, and the data collection was based on primary data and household survey. The result suggested that among the five villages, the most remote area was Punan Bengalun. Forest community of Punan Bengalun has started selling the handicrafts made from NTFPs only in the last few years. Among the five villages-sur veyed, the forest community in Seputuk tended to be more active in utilizing NTFPs for small-scale industry rather than those in four other villages. Awareness in utilizing the NTFPs had been mostly depended on factor of forest distance from the villages. People living close to the district capital (where there was a wider variety of employment opportunities) had less motivation to utilize NTFPs although there were available.

Identifikasi Alternatif Pengembangan untuk Pemberdayaan Industri Kecil Hasil Peternakan Potensial di Kabupaten Bogor

The objectives of the study were to identify potency for development and possibilities for empowerment of small scale livestock product processing industries located in Bogor regency. A field survey has been conducted to collect information and data from some small scale industries which process different animal products of meat, milk, skin, bone, feather and slaughter house. Data collected included: human resources, capital, technology adapted, organization, product, marketing, government support, raw materials and market competitor. Data was analyzed by using the methods of AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) and Fuzzy NN – MCDM (Non Numeric Multi Criteria Decision Making). The results found that the most potency for development of small scale industry for animal product processing were the industries processing meat and milk. The most important aspect needed for empowerment was marketing.