Development Of Self-consciousness Research Articles

Social Identification as a Predictor of Extremist Attitudes of Young Adults

Modern society is characterized by a growth in extremism among young adults, which heightens the importance of identifying personal features that contribute to the involvement of a person in extremist and terrorist groups. The article analyzes the findings of an empirical study devoted to three types of extremist attitudes - fanaticism, nationalism and xenophobia. The study reveals that over half of the respondents manifest a heightened or high level of at least one type of extremist attitudes. The authors view certain features of young peoples identification as predictors of extremism. They examined four types of identification: acceptance of role models from the immediate environment, identification with the social role, self-identification and self-expression, which were evaluated from the standpoint of their certainty and subjective productivity. Besides, they took into account attitude to oneself and self-esteem of young people as well as their desire to change themselves and their lives. The authors determined key predictors of fanaticism attitudes - refusal to identify with ones immediate environment, non-productive identity and a negative attitude to oneself. Additional predictors are a low level of self-identification and believing oneself to be a person who can influence others. The authors singled out unproductive identity, identification with the social role and a negative attitude to oneself as predictors of nationalistic attitudes. Key predictors of xenophobia turned out to be identification with the social group, absence of a definite productive identity together with a low self-esteem, high assessment of self-effectiveness, self-image of a person who does not stand out from the group and absence of a desire to change oneself. A regression analysis showed that the obtained models have a high explanatory value. Research results also allowed the authors to single out identity characteristics that could act as buffers for the development of extremist attitudes among young adults. Prevention measures could include person-centered approach to education, creating conditions for a conscious self-identification of teenagers and young adults, psychological support of forming a positive ego-identity and the development of self-consciousness.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СТАНОВЛЕННЯ САМОСВІДОМОСТІ У ПІДЛІТКІВ ІЗ ПОРУШЕННЯМИ ЗВУКОВИМОВИ

On the basis of many theoretical and experimental studies the article envisages the formation of teenagers’ self-consciousness to be based on the “Me-concept” of personality including a dynamic system of self-representations, covering cognitive, emotional and evaluative, and behavioral components. It is proved that consciousness is closely related to speech activities. The act of consciousness is the formation of perceptions of oneself that is not possible without speech. Self-consciousness is the result of the development of activities and intercourse. It is described that in the teenage age the leading activity is intimate-personal communication, therefore the awareness of oneself as a personality takes place among teenagers, first of all, in the process of teenagers’ intercourse with peers. During this period, teenagers are acutely experiencing disadvantages in the process of their speech, they easily notice non-standard or irregular forms of speech and violations in the pronunciation of sounds. It is established that there is a correlation between the nature of violations in the pronunciation of sounds and the peculiarities of self-consciousness among teenagers. This allowed us to find that the level of self-consciousness development of teenagers with violations in the pronunciation of sounds hardly differs from the age norm, but certain differences are still present. It is proved that the level of expressiveness of the difference depends on the nature of speech disorders and personality-based traits of a teenager. It is studied that children with fuzzy, but close to normal, pronunciation of sounds shouldn’t have significant effect on the formation of self-consciousness. It is experimentally found that teenagers with significant disorders in pronunciation of sounds are poorly understood by others, and this affects their position in the classroom, leads to bullying, lacks confidence, understated self-esteem, inferiority complexity, increased criticality to oneself, causing a difference between “Me-real” and “Me-ideal” and it leads to negative personality formations, as a result, they are more vulnerable and aggressive. The implementation of speech therapy correction and psychological support in the form of counseling, trainings, self-development programs, keeping diaries of self-examination, etc. are actual to overcome these negative personality-based new formations.

Age Peculiarities of Personalities Self-Consciousness Development in Youth

Age Peculiarities of Personalities Self-Consciousness Development in Youth

“The Revolution of Relativity” and Self-Consciousness in the History of Philosophy of the 20th Century

This paper discusses the development of self-consciousness in the history of philosophy of the 20th century compared with the same development in the natural sciences. The author characterizes this stage of philosophical historiography as the “revolution of relativity.” This movement of self-consciousness was apparent in not only the humanities but also the natural sciences at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Awareness of probability is a fundamental achievement of non-classic physics, which has since reversed its paradigm. In contrast to the Newtonian scheme, quantum theory introduces the category of probability and insists that we can talk about certain physical phenomena only in a probabilistic mode and that the method of observation affects the phenomena observed. Consequently, any “object-subject” and “subject-subject” interaction involves the experience of the researcher, which thereby affects the results. The same model of interpretation lies at the basis of the turn toward self-consciousness in the history of philosophy of the 20th century. The classical history of philosophy is built on idealization and gives an objective description of the philosophical process. Following the other sciences, the philosophy of the 20th century understood that historical and philosophical reality largely depends on the historians of philosophy; that such reality is constructed by certain means; that there is a certain kind of historical and philosophical work; and that, with different strategies, methods and approaches, we obtain different results that are complementary to each other. The 20th century was a time of competing interpretations rather than gradually progressing historical and philosophical systems. This stimulated the search for own ideal of objectivity. For philosophical historiography, this is the hermeneutic ideal of the structural analysis of text or architectonic reconstruction. The historicalphilosophical revolution of relativity promotes the development of critical historiography and revises the foundations of its classical tradition.

ЖИТТЄВІ ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ АКМЕПЕРІОДУ ОСОБИСТОСТІ В КОНТЕКСТІ ПСИХОЛОГІЇ ЖИТТЄТВОРЧОСТІ

The article deals with the general directions of realization of life perspectives in the acmeperiod of the person from the standpoint of the concept of development of life creation activity. The theoretical analysis of the current state of the problem of life perspectives, which is included in the scope of the problems of psychology of the person's life path, is carried out. The life perspective in general is understood as a dynamic mental entity, the image of the desired and conscious future life as possible, subject to the achievement of certain goals, the combination of moral-ideological, value-oriented and activity-behavioral self-determination. It is determined that from the standpoint of the psychological and pedagogical approach early youth can be considered a period of psychological readiness to determine life perspectives. The socio-psychological approach considers the formation of life perspectives on the basis of a consistent, individual system of value orientations. The timing modalities of the life perspective are the psychological past, the present and the future, which is determined by the richness of events and the extent of their realization. Psychological readiness for the development of life prospects is mostly determined by the peculiarities of cognitive development of self-consciousness and associated with the mechanisms of reflection and processes of self-knowledge and self-determination. The leading approaches to the definition of age-specific features of the formation and realization of life perspectives from the positions of acmepsychology (acme-model, environment and conditions of acmeologization) and psychology of life creation activity of the personality (phenomenology, types of activity, factors) are outlined. The conceptual space of acmeological and life creation approaches to the time modalities of personality activity is revealed, the space of their intersection is outlined. The sensational period of formation and implementation of life perspectives is determined. The analysis of the content and conceptual space of the acmeperiod of personality has allowed to assert that the preconditions (psychological readiness) for the creation of life perspectives arise in youth, in the period of early adulthood, in the majority, they are outlined, understood and specified. And during the middle age, the most favorable conditions for their realization and implementation are created. The correspondence of life perspectives to the stages of personal development in the acmeperiod in the context of the psychology of personality creation is analyzed. It consists in the gradual convergence of stages of personality maturity and can be expressed as a specific movement: realization in the full scope of the purposeful mode of being and the transition to the meaning mode of being in the world. It is in the latter person that transformed into a subject of his own life-creation, becomes able to fully realize his own potentials, to understand and to realize life perspectives.

Is a Fitbit a Diary? Self-Tracking and Autobiography

Is a Fitbit a Diary? Self-Tracking and Autobiography

Формирование самосознания и профессиональной мотивации у молодых людей с аутизмом и тяжелыми нарушениями развития, обучающихся профессиональным навыкам

Paper presents comprehension of the process of professional skills learning in young people with severe complex developmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders. Unity of the process of self-consciousness development and formation of professional motivation is revealed through the mechanism of shifting the motive to the goal. Author shows the realization of this consolidated process in the conditions of a creative craft workshop, based on her work as a psychologist in the Center of social adaptation and professional training, Technological college № 21. The case from the work in a sewing and weaving workshop described.

Nietzsche's Therapeutic Teaching: For Individuals and Culture

Nietzsche's Therapeutic Teaching: For Individuals and Culture

ПСИХОЛОГІЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ПРОБЛЕМИ САМОПІЗНАННЯ ОСОБИСТОСТІ

The article explores different concepts and points of view on the process of self-knowledge, determines its role in the formation and development of personality. The purpose of the article is to generalize scientific theories and views on the problem of self-knowledge. Much attention is paid to the study of the role of self-knowledge in the process of development of self-consciousness, as well as its influence on the formation of the «I-concept» and self-pacing personality. Self-knowledge is an important mechanism that ensures the development of self-awareness, allows the individual to form an adequate image of «I» to understand how it is appreciated by others. Emphasizes the relationship of self-knowledge and reflection. Reflection is analyzed as a philosophical concept and a psychological property of an individual. The types of reflection, their psychological essence and the specifics of influence on the formation of the personality are studied. The attention is paid to the disclosure of the peculiarities and conditions of the development of pedagogical reflection. Emphasis is placed on the value of existential reflection in the development of frustration states. Attention is drawn to the fact that the process of self-knowledge is inextricably linked with reflection, which can be considered in the broad sense - as a philosophical category, and in the narrow one - as a property of the individual, which allows it to objectively evaluate itself, to form an adequate self-assessment and self-esteem. The problem of self-knowledge is studied by many scholars, each of which focuses attention on its specific features, but they all claim that self-knowledge is a mechanism for the development of self-consciousness, which is a prerequisite for the formation of the individual, the formation of his individuality. Self-knowledge is considered as a mechanism for the development of self-consciousness, which allows to reflect successes and difficulties in the process of analysis of both their own personality as a whole, and the results of concrete activities, the success or failure of behavioral and social acts. This mechanism is activated as a result of the appearance of internal conflicts, the dissatisfaction with the personality of his position in the group or in society, the situations of frustration and the experience of cognitive dissonance, which leads to a change in the position of the individual to himself as a subject of knowledge, activity and communication. The product of self-knowledge is the search and creation of personality of new ideas about oneself, the expansion of the «I-concept», giving it a clearness, getting rid of ideas that are not consistent with each other. The result of this process is personal growth and self-perception.

The I and World history in Hegel

ABSTRACTIn this paper, I investigate the relations between the notion of the I and the conception of World history in Hegel’s philosophy. First, I address Hegel’s account of the I by reconstructing its phenomenological and logical development from consciousness to self-consciousness through recognition with the other and arguing that the project of the Philosophy of Right is normative, as it provides an account of the logical process of affirmation of the I as the normative source of the realm of objective spirit. I then argue for an account of World history as the self-conscious development and liberation of the I in time and objectivity, and I consider Hegel’s philosophy of history in light of the Philosophy of Right as the historical emergence of the I through the forms of objective spirit in history. Finally, I focus on two of the allegedly most problematic issues related to Hegel’s conception of World history: the nature and very possibility of an ‘intersubjective consciousness’ and the notion of ‘World spirit’. I conclude by outlining how the conception of World history, if reconstructed in light of Hegel’s conception of the I, can have previously unnoticed political implications.

Science, the Deep Past, and the Political

Evidence from the natural sciences substantiate a narrative of the cosmos, earth, life, and humanity. Great amounts of matter do not become more complex and there is a highly uneven process of increasing complexity only where there are increasing energy flows. The pace of emergent complexity in pockets increases with the development of self-consciousness and social organization. This account influences the framing of key political issues such as identity, race and ethnicity, gender, globalization, and environmentalism.

The rest is not me… An attempt to explain xenomelia – Neurodevelopmental hypothesis

Abstract Aim Article introduces xenomelia – a disorder of bodily experience that manifests itself in the feeling of disownership related to one of the limbs that a patient wants to remove. For a dozen of years, xenomelia has been investigated by psychiatrists and neurologists; yet, there is no agreement on its medical definition or diagnostic criteria. Recently, it has been proposed that apart from neuroanatomical factors that contribute to bodily awareness, social factors may determine xenomelia as well. In the paper, we investigate a social neuroscience view in developmental perspective. Perspective We believe that the neurodevelopmental approach is the one that presents xenomelia in the most complex way. We propose to examine changes in bodily experiences related to social events that emerge during periods sensitive to development of multimodal neuronal representations of the body. We indicate that crucial changes occur in the adolescence, when social environment seems to have extremely powerful impact on self-consciousness and self-esteem. Conclusions We demonstrate that xenomelia is a disorder of multifactorial aetiology. In order to explain it, we need to investigate social influence on the development of self-consciousness (and bodily consciousness). We highlight the periods that in our view are critical for the development of one's own body representations. We point to the neuronal representations related to self that undergo major changes during adolescence as we believe they have great impact on shaping bodily consciousness. We also believe that further investigations on neural body maps in infants may tell us more about the possible factors that affect xenomelia.

Development of Self-cognition through Imitation Behavior

We conducted a simulation experiment focused on the development mechanism of self-consciousness using a neural network structured by consciousness modules that we had developed called Module of Nerves for Advanced Dynamics (MoNAD), and succeeded in presenting a system relevant to the development of self-cognition and self-consciousness. This system can suppress, through learning, “imitation behavior as a result of the cognition of another” in response to a “behavior of avoiding pain after feeling the pain by oneself,” and can “formulate” the cognition of oneself. These study results may be highly suggestive of the development of self-consciousness. In this paper, we describe the theoretical basis for the development of the self-cognition of our system, and discuss the experiment and observations.

Самооценка и саморегуляция подростков-воспитанников интернатных учреждений

We investigate the cognitive and behavioral sub-consciousness of teenagers from the boarding schools. We used the method of Dembo-Rubinstein (the modification of A.M. Prihozhan), the express method Style of self-regulation of behavior in children SSBC1-M icons of V.I. Morosanova. It was discovered that almost all self-esteem indexes in adolescent orphans in regard to “I-Real” as the indicator of the cognitive development of self-consciousness is within the average level. An exception is the scale “Self-Confidence” where indexes in the majority of respondents are recorded as “very high”. In the perception of “I-perfect” indicators of all scales were also at a very high level. The total level of self-esteem of adolescent orphans is characterized as “medium”, while the total self-control is “low”. The comparative analysis of this sample of respondents from the respondents belonging to the deviant group of adolescents from families and young people from families with no deviations.

The Socialization of Rural College Students: Social Stratification and the Transformation of Living Styles for Rural College Students

: Studies of socialization from a stratification perspective stress that while people accept socialization in a broad sense, individual behavior is affected and controlled by special strata relationships and strata culture. This paper sees rural college students as a subculture group and describes their new cultural experiences and the development of self-consciousness with the transformation of their living methods. This article contributes to the literature on social stratification and subculture.

Physiologische Psychologie des Selbstbewusstseins zwischen Wolff und Kant

Abstract Having outlined the development of early modern conceptions of selfconsciousness, this paper then examines and critically evaluates the late eighteenth- century empirical psychology of Karl Franz von Irwing, a German enlightenment thinker. Irwing’s four volume work Erfahrungen und Untersuchungen über den Menschen is devoted to an empirical ‘science of man’. In terms of the notions of consciousness and self-consciousness, he nevertheless follows Wolff in that he adopts the latter’s idea that the capacity to distinguish among perceptions must be assumed for self-consciousness to be possible. As it turns out, however, Irwing’s main interest is in line with his general project and concerns the empirical development of self-consciousness. He argues that non-conceptual, immediate selfawareness or Selbstgefühl has its origin in the sense of touch, but that a conceptually mediated form of self-consciousness requires in addition the development of certain mental activities which are in turn dependent on language. Further he accounts for what he calls ‘continued self-consciousness’ in which consists our personality. Irwing does not explain diachronic personal identity, however, as he is instead concerned only with how the idea of identity develops. This points to the limitations of a project such as Irwing’s, as it avoids the fundamental philosophical issues concerning self-consciousness and personal identity.

СТРУКТУРНО-ДИНАМИЧЕСКАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ДУХОВНОГО САМОСОЗНАНИЯ И ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЕГО РАЗВИТИЯ В ЮНОШЕСКОМ ВОЗРАСТЕ

Spiritual self-consciousness is an integral holistic systemic-structural phenomenon, characterized by the certain development level and worldview orientation towards informative and cognitive, emotional and sensual, behavioral and activity motivational and volitional components, represented by the physical, psychic and socio-cultural self-consciousness and is expressed in personal, individual and group forms of self-consciousness. Spirituality of young personality is determined by the development level of its spiritual self-consciousness. Genesis of spiritual self-consciousness is a multidimensional reality that unites individual physical, mental and sociocultural life of the person; is a development process of youth’s ability to integrated understanding of various aspects of his/her own "Self", self-awareness and personal development as existential and responsible subject of life activity. Integration process of all personality structures most intensively takes place at the stage of youth, because this age is sensitive to the actualization of spiritual self-consciousness. The ability of the individual to become self-aware, one occurs under the conditions when the contents of teaching and educational process are adequate to the age and capabilities of the individual and take into account available area of actual and potential basic components development of the self-consciousness and integration in the development of spiritual self-consciousness. Effective means for the developing ability of self-awareness is the best use of the advantages and opportunities of the leading activity and orientation at the age in the process of correlation levels of development and configuration features (harmonic, disharmonious, balanced) components of self-consciousness in young age. Genesis of spiritual self-consciousness of a person is determined by the peculiarities of the main types of self-consciousness (physical, psychic, social and cultural) and correlation levels (individual-personal, personal-individual, individual-subject, subject-transcendent) with defined configuration (harmonic, disharmonious, balanced) of its basic components: informative and cognitive, emotional and sensual, behavioural and activity motivational and volitional. Motivational and volitional component combines the activates, directs and coordinates the action of other components, the development of spiritual self-consciousness at young age based on the following new formation: world view, personal identity and "Self-concept" personality and through the mechanisms of empathy, reflection, identification decentration, self-understanding, self-attitude, self-acceptance feedback and self-volitional decision that promotes the integration of Real Self and Ideal Self and provides integrative formation of the Spiritual Self. "Spiritual Self" is defined as an integrated and hierarchically highest form of psychical reflection, representing the level of the spiritual self-consciousness in young age. Key words: spiritual self-consciousness, spiritual awareness, spiritual self-consciousness.

The Trojan Ass: Asinarius as Mock Epic

The medieval narrative poem Asinarius (late 12th-early 13th c.) has commonly been considered a fairy tale ante litteram, predating the self-conscious development of the literary genre from early modern times onward. Under influence of the deeply rooted notion that fairy tales have their origins in oral-folkloric traditions, scholars who have studied this text have tended to do so in terms of its supposed indebtedness to folktales, possibly even derived from Indian mythology. Meanwhile, its essential nature as a piece of Latin literature has been largely neglected. This article proposes a literary contextualizing of the text, situating it within the broader field of Latin literature. More specifically, it argues that the Asinarius poet playfully engages with epic texts, both ancient and contemporary, dealing with the matter of Troy. Thus, the reader is invited to a mock-epic reading of the poem, all too easily obfuscated today by an anachronistic “Grimmian”perspective.

The Hegelian dialectics of global imbalances

Traditional narratives of external imbalances have focused on the analysis of national accounts, trade flows, and financial flows. They have generated two opposing views of the current situation of the world economy: on one side, a prudent, if not pessimistic view considers large imbalances as evidence of problems with the international monetary and financial system, and symptoms of domestic distortions (mainly in the United States and China). On the other side, a relaxed, if not optimistic view suggests that global imbalances are not anomalies but simply the predictable outcome of a world with increasingly globalized financial flows in search of the right mix of risks and returns. This paper offers a critical analysis of these competing explanations of the United States-China imbalances and suggests a way of reconciling them. The paper uses Hegel’s parable of the development of self-consciousness to explain the dynamics between the two countries. Hegel may not have been a great philosopher of history but his study of lordship and bondage provides a good framework for analyzing the dialectics of recognition and acknowledgement that currently characterizes the macroeconomic relationships between the United States and China.

Las novelas de corriente de conciencia y la obra de Hélène Lenoir

La naissance du roman de la modernité s’est marquée par l’intérêt croissant des narrations de la vie intime des personnages. La classique narration omnisciente cède face au progressif développement de l’intimité ; c’est la réponse à l’ardeur «réaliste» qui parcourt le XIXe . De cette façon, les romans du flux de conscience surgissent pour narrer la coulée de pensées, idées et sensations des personnages qui pensent à leurs propos par rapport au monde. Les romans d’Hélène Lenoir, héritiers de cette tendance, se construisent donc autour de l’intimité des personnages tourmentés par leurs relations familiales.