Development Of Science Technology Research Articles

Innovative Machine Learning Approaches for Prediction of Weather Parameters

Machine Learning (MD) has experienced significant growth in research in recent decades. Anticipated is a substantial impact of this technology on many facets of human existence. ML has revolutionized our interactions with the world, impacting industries ranging from healthcare to commerce, and from entertainment to transportation. Researchers are coming up with new algorithms and techniques to deal with complex issues, which means that ML is an essential tool in today’s technological landscape. As ML develops, its applications are projected to grow further leading to innovations and improved efficiency across various domains. This paper looks into recent and relevant scientific articles on ML approaches for weather variables analysis and numerical weather prediction. As meteorological data from several decades is recorded, we can predict wind speed, pressure, precipitation and temperature that are common studied meteorological parameters by utilizing ML techniques such as Deep Learning, Random Forest, Artificial Neural Networks, Support Vector Machine etc. This is crucial for improving the accuracy and dependability of weather forecast. As it has been found in literature review, the diversity and complexity of meteorology data means that there is no any single ML technique which serves all parameters hence different methods should be used to make accurate analysis and predictions. This demonstrates the agility and flexibility of ML as it tackles various problems thus making it a key tool in modern scientific studies and technological development.

Molecular Characteristics and Processing Technologies of Dairy Products from Non-Traditional Species.

Non-bovine dairy animals, commonly referred to as non-traditional dairy species, include goats, sheep, yaks, buffalo, donkeys, alpacas, llamas, and other less commonly farmed species. These animals have been integral to livestock systems since ancient times, providing milk and other essential products. Despite their historical significance, dairy production from many of these species remains predominantly confined to rural areas in developing countries, where scientific advancements and technical improvements are often limited. As a consequence of this, the scientific literature and technological developments in the processing and characterization of dairy products from these species have lagged behind those for cow's milk. This review aims to compile and analyze existing research on dairy products derived from non-traditional animals, focusing on their molecular characteristics, including proteins (alpha, beta, kappa, and total casein), fats (cholesterol and total fat), lactose, albumin, ash, total solids, and somatic cell count, among others, for each of these species. Additionally, we discuss emerging technologies employed in their processing, encompassing both non-thermal methods (such as high-pressure processing, pulsed electric fields, ultrasound processing, UV-C irradiation, gamma radiation, microfiltration, and cold plasma processing) and thermal methods (such as ohmic heating). This review also explores the specific potential applications and challenges of implementing these technologies. By synthesizing recent findings, we aim to stimulate further research into innovative technologies and strategies that can enhance the quality and yield of non-bovine dairy products. Understanding the unique properties of milk from these species may lead to new opportunities for product development, improved processing methods, and increased commercialization in both developing and developed markets.

The Nazi Bomb Project: A Case Study of Value Neutrality in Science and Technology

Scientists in Nazi Germany attempted but failed to build an atomic bomb or working nuclear reactor during the years of the Second World War, 1939-1945. Can philosophical meaning be drawn from this history? The history of the Nazi scientists and nuclear fission raises important issues concerning the alleged value-neutrality of scientific research and technological development. We can also ask whether there is an ethical dimension to the failure of the Nazi bomb project. Did the scientists who worked in the Third Reich make a moral decision not to complete the development of a working nuclear reactor and/or a usable nuclear explosive device? In this essay, I argue that Werner Heisenberg and other Nazi scientists fell victim to a value-neutral conception of science that led them to make unethical choices in support of the Nazi regime. The story of the Nazi bomb project exemplifies a more general philosophical point: if scientists fail to understand the social, political, and cultural context of their research they will be vulnerable to ethically wrong decisions.

Preface

Environmental and engineering geophysics is an essential branch of applied physics. It studies and solves environmental engineering problems through the differences in physical properties of the environment and engineering or the physical fields formed by them to pursue the harmonious development of humans and nature. The main application areas include resource exploration, environmental protection, disaster prevention and control, and major national construction projects. The exploration target is mainly in the shallow surface layer. Due to the severe lateral changes in physical properties, serious interference with effective signals, high requirements for measurement accuracy and spatial resolution, wide coverage of work tasks, and the need for repeated and even continuous dynamic observation and imaging, this field is very challenging. On the one hand, humans obtain water and minerals from the superficial layer and construct underground spaces necessary for modern cities to accommodate water, electricity, gas, communication, transportation, and other pipeline networks; on the other hand, they discharge and bury various wastes generated by human activities in them, forming a geological layer unique to the Anthropocene. Both from the technical (physical) and non-technical (political, social, legal) perspectives, environmental and engineering geophysics play an increasingly important role. In recent years, artificial intelligence technology has been widely applied in various fields, and the construction of smart cities cannot be separated from the support of environmental engineering geophysical detection and monitoring methods and technologies. The urbanization process in China is in line with the development of geophysical technology, and it has better scientific research and application opportunities than Western developed countries. In order to promote exchanges, improve the application level of environmental and engineering geophysics, and provide a first-class platform for extensive exchanges and discussions for those engaged in scientific research, technology development, and production applications in this field, the 11th International Conference on Environmental and Engineering Geophysics (ICEEG2024) has be held in the beautiful city of Shenzhen, a frontier city of reform and opening up, and the newly-established double first-class university, Southern University of Science and Technology. We really appreciate that many professors, experts, scholars, and students submitted papers and participated in the conference actively. List of Organizing Committee and Academic Committee are available in this Pdf.

PERSPECTIVES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN THE SOCIETY

The world has never been so open to scientific research and technological development as it is today, nor has human competence evolved so rapidly in directions not previously appreciated. The pace of discoveries is faster, although there are scientific fields in which goals are achieved more slowly and with considerable collective effort. However, we find that the successes achieved in the field of science have had an enormous impact on people's mentality and as a consequence have formed the belief that reflects science as a dominant factor in contemporary society. A philosophical reflection on the process of scientific development reveals that for a long time, the physical sciences have been dominant, and in recent years we are witnessing a fulminating development of biology (genetics), which has not only economic implications but also the ethical implications of a major importance. At the same time, the contemporary society of information and knowledge attests to obvious factors of a unique phenomenon called integrative science. It is projected at the integrative frontier of the astrophysics field that combines the processes of the universe constitution as a quantum system (processes that go beyond the theory of quantum mechanics, but also the theory of super lathes) and the processes of life, mind and consciousness. Integrative science proposes a new understanding of reality, even the one considered today purely structural. We hope that integrative science theories will reflect the reality that includes Consciousness as a fundamental factor of Existence.

X-ray and neutron imaging for cultural heritage: the INFN-CHNet experience

This paper reports on the instrumentation and expertise developed within the INFN-CHNet network for X-ray and neutron imaging, which enable non-invasive identification of materials and production processes in the field of cultural heritage. INFN-CHNet is the network of the Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics specifically dedicated to the development and application of scientific methods and technologies to cultural heritage. This article focuses on portable MA-XRF scanners, often complemented by additional techniques, PIXE imaging on a newly developed portable accelerator, X-ray radiography and tomography, exploited to their full potential also through the use of portable systems, and neutron radiography and tomography, which require large-scale facilities. In many respects, the information obtained from X-ray and neutron-based methods is complementary, facilitating a comprehensive characterisation of materials, structures, and manufacturing techniques.Graphical abstract

Enhanced trion emission from WS2 monolayers directly exfoliated on Ag nanohole arrays

The extraordinarily large exciton binding energies of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted significant attention in both fundamental scientific research and innovative technology development. TMD-metal nanostructures have been fabricated to control excitonic behaviors as well as improve the light-matter interaction in TMDs. WS2 monolayers are integrated with periodic Ag nanohole (AgNH) arrays prepared using a template stripping method. The ultrasmooth and contamination-free surface of the template-stripped Ag layer allows for the direct exfoliation of WS2 flakes on the AgNHs. Surface plasmon excitation increases optical absorption in WS2/AgNH, as evidenced by reflectance, PL, and Raman measurements, along with numerical calculations. Furthermore, the AgNH structures significantly increase the trion-to-exciton emission ratios from the WS2 monolayers on them. Nanoscopic surface photovoltage mapping of WS2/AgNH using Kelvin probe force microscopy can visualize electron accumulation at the suspended WS2 region under light illumination, which triggers the formation of trions. All the results highlight the capability of WS2/AgNH to boost trion emission through plasmon-induced concentrated light and a built-in potential gradient. This work introduces a simple and efficient strategy for fabricating TMD-metal integrated systems to control their excitonic behaviors.

Research on the Perspective of Hosts in Television Personality Special Programs: A Case Study of "Voice"

With the development of social and scientific technologies, television special programs have diversified into various types based on style, content, and form. Among these, personality specials are particularly distinctive. As an important component of television specials, these programs focus on depicting real-life individuals and events, aiming to present authentic people and stories while deeply respecting and portraying human nature. The narrative perspective in television personality specials significantly affects the audience's reaction; the relationship between the narrator and the subjects influences the audiences understanding of the story. This paper uses the program "Voice" as a case study. It is divided into five sections: the first explores the concept of narrative perspective; the second analyzes three common narrative perspectives used by hosts; the third examines the narrative style of the host through program analysis; the fourth discusses the specific narrative perspectives of Sa Beining; and the fifth explains the changes in narrative perspectives in the era of new media and scientific advancement, providing explanations for the corresponding basic concepts.

Additive manufacturing in the development of low-cost immersive virtual reality solutions for education: a study with google cardboard

Virtual Reality (VR) is a technology that makes it possible to create simulated worlds using computer systems. This study presents a proposal to develop a Google Cardboard prototype using additive manufacturing. The central aim of the study is to contribute to the understanding of low-cost Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) alternatives; to assist in the scientific-technological development of IVR solutions; and to contribute to technological development and access in a social context and to the preservation of the environment through sustainable technological solutions. Developed in two stages, the theoretical foundation aimed to systematize and understand the concepts involving VR, low-cost solutions for VR - specifically Google Cardboard - and additive manufacturing. The experimental research involved producing the Google Cardboard from the specifications provided by the company, creating a digital model of the display, printing the 3D model and testing the prototype developed. The results of the study indicate that additive manufacturing could be a promising technology for developing low-cost and sustainable VR solutions. The use of filaments made from recyclable materials, such as PET, can help reduce the environmental impact of this type of technology, as well as providing the possibility of social transformation. Therefore, this study contributes to advances in the development of accessible and sustainable solutions in VR, cost reduction, the evolution of Google Cardboard and understanding of the concepts involved. Limitations include the lack of tests with real users and the failure to investigate the impact of focal distance on visual comfort.

Additive manufacturing in the development of low-cost immersive virtual reality solutions for education: a study with google cardboard

Virtual Reality (VR) is a technology that makes it possible to create simulated worlds using computer systems. This study presents a proposal to develop a Google Cardboard prototype using additive manufacturing. The central aim of the study is to contribute to the understanding of low-cost Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) alternatives; to assist in the scientific-technological development of IVR solutions; and to contribute to technological development and access in a social context and to the preservation of the environment through sustainable technological solutions. Developed in two stages, the theoretical foundation aimed to systematize and understand the concepts involving VR, low-cost solutions for VR - specifically Google Cardboard - and additive manufacturing. The experimental research involved producing the Google Cardboard from the specifications provided by the company, creating a digital model of the display, printing the 3D model and testing the prototype developed. The results of the study indicate that additive manufacturing could be a promising technology for developing low-cost and sustainable VR solutions. The use of filaments made from recyclable materials, such as PET, can help reduce the environmental impact of this type of technology, as well as providing the possibility of social transformation. Therefore, this study contributes to advances in the development of accessible and sustainable solutions in VR, cost reduction, the evolution of Google Cardboard and understanding of the concepts involved. Limitations include the lack of tests with real users and the failure to investigate the impact of focal distance on visual comfort.

Anatomy of the top 1% most highly cited publications: An empirical comparison of two approaches

Abstract Scientific excellence is an ongoing object of quantitative analysis of science and technology literature. The most commonly adopted of the various criteria for such quantification is to define highly cited papers as the ones lying in the first percentile (top 1%) of citation counts. Wagner and colleagues have recently proposed a new method in which citation counts are determined as a whole, irrespective of discipline. This study analyzes the practical implications of the new approach compared to the traditional procedure in which papers are ranked bearing in mind the scientific field involved, with particular attention to the consequences for rankings by country and discipline. The results show that the new methodology favors countries with a predominance of polytechnical scientific production, technological development, and innovation and lowers the rank of countries where the social sciences, humanities, and basic research account for the lion’s share of output. An analysis of worldwide production confirms the growth of scientific output in technical and technological disciplines.

Students’ research experience, self-perceptions, and scientific productivity in undergraduate research programs: a case study of a Brazilian Midwest Institute

ABSTRACT Scientific and technological initiation programs are developed to introduce students to scientific research and technological development. We use the term undergraduate research (UR) to refer to both initiation modalities. Our study aimed to evaluate undergraduate students’ research experience, self-perceptions, and scientific production during one academic period. Quantitative analysis of curricula vitae and an electronic survey were conducted on students enrolled in a Brazilian Midwest Institute. The results showed that students who had participated in research activities more than once perceived the benefits of UR more positively (p = 0.047) and demonstrated a higher volume of academic production than those were participating for the first time (p < 0.001). Undergraduate students who participate in UR programs contribute positively to academic production and training by providing personal and professional benefits and the opportunity to produce academic work that can help initiate academic careers.

The Review of Research on Fatigue Crack Propagation in Metallic Materials

In recent years, with the development of industry and scientific technology, the demand for materials has been increasing. Fatigue crack propagation is an important issue in the field of materials, and developing relevant theories and methods, understanding the mechanisms of fatigue cracks, and making scientific predictions on fatigue crack propagation are hot topics both domestically and internationally. Fracture mechanics, as a discipline studying the strength and propagation of cracks in materials, has developed a relatively complete theoretical system and engineering application methods over more than 100 years of continuous development. This article focuses on the effects of factors such as temperature, stress ratio, and load frequency on the fatigue crack propagation characteristics of metallic materials, and summarizes the common theories and methods of fatigue crack propagation.

The Mechanism of Action of Cancer Therapeutic Vaccines and Their Application Prospects

The complexity of cancer as a global health problem has also led to the development of various novel therapeutics, including prophylactic vaccines. Scientific breakthroughs and technological developments have changed cancer research; since cancer is a complicated disease with many factors, more and better vaccines are required. The research stresses the worldwide influence of cancer and modern therapeutic approaches, such as vaccination. With advances in molecular and cellular biology, cancer therapeutic vaccination studies have been advanced; the discovery of tumor markers and advances in immunology and cancer therapies have changed. In contrast to chemotherapy and radiation, immunotherapy revolutionized treatment. The cancer therapeutic vaccines elicit antigen-specific T cell responses, helper T cell stimulation, and innate immune cells; the research indicates that these vaccines use various means to arouse the body's defensive mechanism against cancer. Complex tools are explained by figures 1 and 2, which depict CD4+ T cells and innate immunity cells. Vaccines can be peptide/protein-based, whole-cell- or nucleic acid-based by application or clinical trial. Each category is looked at for its significant successes, triumphs, and failures: dendritic cell vaccines, the efficiency of antigen presentation, and clinical trial success. Cancer-therapeutic vaccines and immune checkpoint inhibitors are synergistic. Expanding the range of cancer vaccine antigens depends on finding added tumor-associated antigens and immunological checkpoints. However, there are flaws in cancer therapeutic vaccines, despite progress; tumor heterogeneity, immune evasion, and Safety are among concerns today. Recognizing these problems sets the stage for later chapters of optimization and new approaches.

On the use of cup anemometers as wind speed sensors in stratospheric balloon missions

Stratospheric balloon missions have emerged as a cost-effective alternative to space missions for scientific research and technology development. These missions enable the collection of critical data from the Earth’s upper atmosphere while reducing financial and logistical burdens associated with traditional space missions. One key challenge in these missions is the accurate measurement of the relative-to-the-gondola wind speed in the tropopause and the stratosphere. This paper explores the viability of using cup anemometers as wind speed sensors in stratospheric balloon missions, offering an easy-to-calibrate, low-cost, and accurate solution. The present paper provides a short overview of stratospheric balloon missions and their relevance in atmospheric research and outlines the challenges and limitations of existing wind speed sensing technologies. The cup anemometer is also described, detailing its working principle, advantages, and limitations, and propose a methodology for incorporating the instrument into stratospheric balloon missions. To validate the proposed methodology, a stratospheric balloon mission (the Tasec-Lab experiment, onboard a B2Space balloon launched in 2021), was equipped with a cup anemometer whose performance was analyzed. The results prove that cup anemometers can provide accurate and reliable relative wind speed measurements in the tropopause and the stratosphere. Furthermore, the low power consumption and the ease of development and calibration of cup anemometers make them an attractive option for stratospheric balloon missions.

Multidisciplinary Approach To The Problem Of Managing Children With Frequent Respiratory Infections Of The Upper Respiratory Tract: Key Results

Background. Recurrent upper respiratory diseases in children are an urgent and common issue in pediatrics. Comorbidities often lead to prolonged, complicated, or chronic course of the inflammatory process in the upper airways.Objective. The aim of the study — scientific evidence and complex technology development for the management of children with recurrent upper respiratory diseases according to implemented multidisciplinary personalized approach, complex of modern methods for diagnosing and health monitoring to achieve long-term remission.Materials and methods. The study included 115 children aged from 2 years 6 months to 17 years 11 months with recurrent upper respiratory diseases. Examination included: nasal cavity, nasopharynx and larynx endoscopy, abdomen ultrasound with aqueous-siphon test, tympanometry, and laboratory tests (total and specific IgE levels, antistreptolysin-O, microbiological study of nasopharynx and oropharynx discharge, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of feces on Helicobacter pylori.Results. The study has revealed high prevalence of associated allergic pathology in children with recurrent upper respiratory diseases. Allergic rhinitis was the most common (55 (48%) children). There was also a high prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (37 (32%) children). Clinical signs of GERD were revealed in patients with chronic diseases significantly more often than in children with acute ENT pathology (27 (38%) and 10 (23%) children, respectively). It confirms the role of this comorbid condition in the development and course of chronic inflammatory process of the upper airways. Obtained data analysis has shown high prevalence of allergic and gastrointestinal pathology in children with recurrent upper respiratory diseases. Diagnostic and management algorithm for patients with recurrent upper respiratory diseases as well as practical guidelines were prepared based on the study data. This algorithm will allow to implement the personalized multidisciplinary approach for the management of prior and comorbid diseases via modern informative diagnostic methods. The complex approach to timely physical examination and pathogenetic treatment will ensure control of the patient’s condition and prevent the development of chronic ENT organ pathology in children.

O Problema dos Três Corpos e o Antropoceno

Abstract The so-called Anthropocene is a new epoch characterized by deep biophysical changes that threaten the continuity of life on Earth for millions of species, including humans. This instability scenario challenges International Relations (IR) to rethink itself. As a narrative of our fears and imaginative efforts about the future, science fiction provides thought experiments on potential and indeterminate paths for humanity. In ‘The Problem of 3 Bodies’ trilogy, Cixin Liu builds a dystopian reality, suggesting insights into the Anthropocene. Through this narrative, we can explore the limits of positivist epistemology, challenge the conventional understanding of the international system as a closed anarchical structure, and reflect on some of the consequences of anthropocentrism. This article aims to illustrate how SciFi can be a portal to reflect on a planet full of instabilities by drawing a parallel between Liu’s trilogy and the impacts of the Anthropocene in IR. Thus, we dialogue with dilemmas and solutions designed by the author to speculate about time, technology, institutions, the indeterminacy of the future, and the fragility of human existence, themes still underexplored in International Relations studies but common in the Anthropocene scholarship. However, the solutions envisaged by Liu bet on scientific-technological development, leaving aside relevant issues such as inequalities, injustices, and other ways of knowing.

ХИМИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ: ЭКСПЕРТНЫЕ ОЦЕНКИ СОВРЕМЕННОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ И НАПРАВЛЕНИЙ РАЗВИТИЯ

n the previous interrelated article “Chemical technology: key concepts and principles of system study” the problems of chemical technology were considered in the sequence of topics “Analysis of the problem of defining the concept of chemical technology”, "Key principles of studying the history of chemical technology", "Problems and principles of classification of system-forming components of chemical technology". In conclusion, the results of expert assessments of significant areas of chemical technology in the areas of their direct theoretical and practical engineering and technological activities were presented. This second final article contains additional materials of the claimed study. In conclusion, the results of a generalized analysis of the content of both articles systematized by sections: general chemical technology, chemistry and technology of polymers and elastomers, electrochemical technologies, supercritical fluid technology, plasma materials modification technologies, petrochemicals and oil refining, creation of materials for multifunctional coatings, synthesis and application of materials for electronics, interaction of chemical technology and biotechnology, agricultural chemistry and the creation of effective fertilizers, development of resource-saving environmentally friendly technologies. As a result, clarification and enrichment of the conceptual and terminological apparatus of chemical technology was identified possible areas for the development of scientific research and technological developments, obtained materials for the enrichment of chemical and technological education. In general, the presented work highlights current and promising areas of chemical technology in the range of professional activities of one of the leading universities in Russia in the field of chemical technology - Kazan National Research Technological University.

Advanced materials foresight: research and innovation indicators related to advanced and smart nanomaterials

Background: Advanced materials are most likely to bring future economic, environmental and social benefits. At the same time, they may pose challenges regarding their safety and sustainability along the entire lifecycle. This needs to be timely addressed by the stakeholders (industry, research, policy, funding and regulatory bodies). As part of a larger foresight project, this study aimed to identify areas of scientific research and technological development related to advanced materials, in particular advanced nanomaterials and the sub-group of smart nanomaterials. The study identified and collected data to build relevant research and innovation indicators and analyse trends, impact and other implications. Methods: This study consisted of an iterative process including a documentation phase followed by the identification, description and development of a set of core research and innovation indicators regarding scientific publications, EU projects and patents. The data was extracted mainly from SCOPUS, CORDIS and PATSTAT databases using a predefined search string that included representative keywords. The trends, distributions and other aspects reflected in the final version of the indicators were analysed, e.g. the number of items in a period of time, geographical distribution, organisations involved, categories of journals, funding programmes, costs and technology areas. Results: Generally, for smart nanomaterials the data used represent around 3.5% of the advanced nanomaterials data, while for each field analysed, they represent 4.4% for publications, 13% for projects and 1.1% for patents. The study shows current trends for advanced nanomaterials at a top-level information that can be further extended with sub-indicators. Generally, the results indicated a significant growth in research into advanced nanomaterials, including smart nanomaterials, in the last decade, leading to an increased availability of information. Conclusion: These indicators identify trends regarding scientific and technological achievements and represent an important element when examining possible impacts on society and policy implications associated to these areas.

Principles and Metaphysics of Modernity: Towards Modernization in Yakutia

In the 21st century, an urgent topic is the assessment of the dynamics of cultural development of ethnic groups living in the natural and climatic conditions of the North and the Arctic and bearing conservatism towards their traditional culture, which has become the basis for centuries of survival and adaptive flexibility. In the period of total relativization of postmodern values, the task of making a balanced choice in one’s spiritual heritage and historical practice remains important. The aim of the article is to identify the potential of modernity for ethnic cultures of the North-East of Russia, which experienced incomplete modernization on the wave of bourgeois transformations and Soviet socio-cultural modernization in the 19th—20th centuries, to determine the options for the development of modern culture against the background of the deadlock of postmodernity, which constrained the productive options for the development of “culture of traditions” by the phenomena of global mass culture.The general scientific methods and the method of symbolic ontologisation of culture, explicating the synthesis of interaction of symbolic constructs of metaphysical and mythological nature, underlying the regularities of ethno-cultural dynamics in the aesthetic sphere and organic modernization transformations in general, have been applied.It is shown that the metaphysics of modernity determines the dynamic stability of ethnoculture, allowing to realize its undiscovered potential through the principles of modernity, independently reproduce these principles, making the transition of ethnos from the culture of mimesis to the culture of the birth of primordiality. The quality of modernity gives the Sakha a sense of metaphysical continuity with the stages of evolution of European culture, freeing them from mythological predetermination of fate, including by intensive innovative knowledge-intensive economy. The synthetic synergy of “ethno” and “modern” reveals the potential for cultural growth institutionalized by the paradigm of ethnomodernity, which resolves the contradictions of modernity, bringing ethnoculture to the idea of socio-cultural and scientific-technological development, dignity and natural human rights.