Development Of Rural Women Research Articles

New insights into the rural development economies under the moderating role of gender equality and mediating role of rural women development

In Pakistan, like other developing countries, rural women's participation has emerged as a profound construct, influencing the country's economic structure. In recent years, its vital reproductive role has opened new ways to overcome the issues of gender inequality, unequal financial distribution, and inadequate training and development. Hence, to bridge a gap in the research, the current study aims to determine the mediating and moderating role of rural women's development and gender equality for economic development in the rural areas of Pakistan. Using 249 samples, the analysis is conducted through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling. The study's results indicate that skills development and technical training significantly influence rural women's development, whereas access to finance and social networking also ensures economic development in rural areas. With this, the results also confirmed positive mediation and moderation of rural women's development and gender equality. Therefore, in line with these findings, the current study suggests that women's roles in different dimensions of sustainable development are less reflected in the target areas. Policy recommendations focus on practical, legislative, legal, and administrative actions to address these barriers. As such, the study guides policymakers, financial institutions, and governmental organizations to empower rural women by embracing gender equality and economic development.

The Role of Women in Rural Development in Bangladesh

Bangladesh has significantly maintained its robust economic growth performance. According to the World Economic Forum's Global Gender Gap Report 2022 Bangladesh is the most gender-equal country among South Asian nations. Bangladesh ranked 71st out of 146 countries on the Global Gender Gap Index 2022 with a score of 0.714. According to further information in the same report, Bangladesh has already reduced the gender gap by 72% from 2008 to 2020. Obviously the rural women have the contribution towards the development. This article is narrative reviewed by the author’s experience, existing theories, and models. Here the authors provide the information based on the reviewing concern book, scientific journal, national and international newspaper cutting as well as the concern websites. Results are based on qualitative rather than quantitative level. The paper based on the contribution of women in rural development that could be divided into the following three major categories- a) the role of women in agriculture; b) Food security; and c) The role of women in rural poverty alleviation. The paper reviled spontaneous participation of women in all developmental activities of the country is contributing to agricultural progress, food security, and assurance and poverty reduction, which is directly contributing to achieving Sustainable Development Goal one (Poverty Alleviation) and two (Hunger Free).

The role of women in rural development: lesson learnt from Nagari Indudur, West Sumatra, Indonesia

Women play an important contribution to the agriculture and rural economy. However, agriculture sector is underperforming in some developing countries because women, who are an important resources in agriculture and the rural economy, facing some obstacles that lower their productivity. The fact that both men and women play an important role in rural development, in this paper, we identify an empirical evidence from Nagari Indudur in West Sumatra, Indonesia, and show to what degree women’s contribution in rural development. Differences of women and men by gender are based on cultures, community values and norms, so that gender construct may differ from one society to another. West Sumatra is known for its matrilineal culture. In the case of marriage, the inheritance of family property using maternal lineage. This study was done by a descriptive method using gender sensitive analysis. There were 55 female respondents were interviewed. All of the respondents are member of “Selembar Daun”, the only women’s group in Nagari Indudur that were play important role in its rural development. It was found that female time use is not only in reproductive activities, but also in productive activities, and social and political activities. In terms of reproductive activities, the women manage complex household activities. For productive activities, they involve in producing agricultural crops and forest products, such as candlenut, which then they process into candle nut oil. The added value of candle nut oil has made the product can be sold in higher price. This has led to additional income for the household. In terms of social and political activities, the women involve actively in women’s group activities. It was also found that some women are involved in the cash economy, where the men work outside the Nagari for wages. As a result, women have to take more responsibility for agricultural tasks while their husband are away in wage labor, while at the same time women heavily involved in reproductive roles. In term of access and control of resources, it was found that both men and women are equally have access to and control over the resources.

Factor Analysis of the Effects of Tourism on the Development of Rural Women's Agriculture Employment in Boyer Ahmad County

Factor Analysis of the Effects of Tourism on the Development of Rural Women's Agriculture Employment in Boyer Ahmad County

Strengthening women's participation in the traditional enterprises of sub‐saharan Africa: The role of corporate social responsibility initiatives in Niger delta, Nigeria

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to critically examine the multinational oil companies (MOCs) corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives in Nigeria. Its special focus is to investigate the impact of the global memorandum of understanding (GMoU) on development of rural women's traditional enterprises in the Niger Delta region. A total of 2,400 women were sampled across the region. Results from the use of a combined propensity score matching and logit model indicate that the GMoU model of the CSR has recorded significant success in supporting farming and fishing transformation generally, but has also undermined those initiatives that focused on empowering rural women in traditional enterprises, due to the cultural and traditional context in the region. This causes both direct harm to women and their children, and wider costs to African economies. It implies that if the GMoU interventions are not targeted to raise women's economic status and to deter aggression, invariably they may contribute towards reducing the participation of women in economic, political and social development and, by extension, dampen efforts in deterring poverty and achieving the sustainable development goals in sub‐Saharan Africa.

Exploration of Contributions of Women in Rural Development and Determinant Factors Influencing Their Participation, The Case of Agricultural Cooperatives in Ethiopia

Women constitute about 50% of the world population and contribute about 75% to subsistence production. On the other hand, they earn one tenth of the world’s income and they own one hundredth of the world’s property including land. In Ethiopia, as in most parts of the world, women’s role in the socio-economic activities is high, but they have less access basic resources than men do. Therefore, the enhancement of women’s participation in all spheres of life has become a key issue in development discourses, which ratifies socio-economic development, cannot be fully achieved without the active participation of women. The primary economic activity of Ethiopia is agriculture which greatly depends on family labor where women play crucial role. Majorities of the rural populations are engaged in agricultural cooperatives, which is the business owned and controlled by the people to meet peoples’ common requirements. Hence, this article explored women participation status and associated factors influencing their participation in agricultural cooperatives. Although the feminist theory proved that women and men have equal potential for individual development, the fruits that go to women are by far very low. The review identified that culture/customs, heavy work load and lack of time, lack of capital/credit, gender differentials, lack of education and training, lack of access to key economic resources, laws and rules, lack of access to property ownership, income generation and purchasing power as determinant factors influencing women participation in agricultural cooperatives. Therefore, to improve the situation, proposed interventions have to be made include: creating awareness through education and training to bring attitudinal change in the society, encouraging women participation, making different types of credit accessible, following the implementation of laws and rules as designed. For that matter, government organs at all levels and other stakeholders ought to work to attract more women to the cooperative members and also to bring them to the decision making positions. Keywords: Agriculture; Contribution; Cooperative; Determinants; Participation; Women DOI: 10.7176/JCSD/61-03 Publication date: September 30 th 2020

Rural sustainability assessment using a combination of multi-criteria decision making and factor analysis

The rural sustainability is one of the most important issues in rain-fed agricultural areas; however, because of multiple obvious and latent driving factors, a few models have been suggested covering the fluctuation of sustainability in these sensitive areas. Therefore, this study takes advantage of a combination of multivariate and multi-criteria decision making to analyze the association of rural resources with sustainability in northwest of Iran. The entire demographical, agricultural and natural standard data of 143 villages (21 variables) were weighted and ranked by Shannon–Winner index and simple additive weighting (SAW) method, respectively. The synthesized dataset was grouped into two categories of highly sustainable (ZSAW > 0) and low sustainable (ZSAW < 0) villages. Factor analysis (FA) was separately performed on the grouped data to identify possible interrelationships among the variables. The results of FA illustrated a significant difference between low and highly sustainable villages with respect to type and contribution of the resources in sustainability. In both cases, the first five rotated factors, including FA1 (human), FA2 (agronomical), FA3 (mechanization), FA4 (rangelands) and FA5 (wheat yield) vectors, accounted for about 99% of the variation. At low sustainable villages, the two most important driving factors were agronomical (51.1%) and rangelands (17.3%) which explained 68.9% of the variation; however, for highly sustainable villages the main factors shift to the human resources (22.1%) and agronomical (43.9%) with 66% contribution. These findings show that reliance on natural resources is a sign of unsustainability in the rain-fed agro-ecosystems, whereas, with increasing human resource contribution, villages become more sustainable. The study also confirmed that human resources are significantly and positively correlated with sustainability index (ZSAW) in highly scored villages. Furthermore, among the human resources, population density and women literacy levels have a dominant effect on human resources contribution. In conclusion, it is suggested that the contribution of human resources in the rural community and its correlation with the sustainability index could be used as the preliminary evaluation tools for sustainability in the rain-fed areas. Thus, enhancing the rural economy by empowering human resources, with emphasis on the development of rural women’s knowledge, can reduce reliance on the natural resources and shifts rural toward the sustainability.

Women Technology Parks: A novel solution for women entrepreneurship and empowerment through location specific technologies and waste material utilization

Social and economic development of women will lead to the progress of any society. Particularly, empowering empower women in rural areas is both challenging and essential. Women entrepreneur faces many barriers to success such as a lack of financial independence and education, family, work-life balance, male-dominated society, and social-culture barrier. The Women Technology Park (WTP) is an initiative that leverages the use of appropriate technology to catalyze economic growth and development of rural women by raising their productivity, generating sustainable income, and improving their livelihoods. This paper uses a WTP model to illustrate the process of developing, training and enabling of rural technologies related to metal art, banana fiber extraction, weaving, construction and habitat services, and food processing technologies. It presents how a WTP acts as a resource center and a catalyst to translate opportunities into reality to empower rural women.

Role Of Rural Women In Development And Export Earnings Of Pakistan's Dairy Industry

Dairy industry of Pakistan encounters many improving measurements to ensure the acceptability of its products in international market. For the purpose Pakistan Dairy Development Council (PDDC) introduces many innovative measures. While discussing the implication of these measures the training and skills of labor force working in industry matters a lot. It is the feature of Pakistan's dairy industry that a prominent ratio of its labor force is from the always neglected strata of society, the rural women. Women play both the direct and indirect role in managing livestock in rural regions of Pakistan. While observing role of dairy industry in export earnings, the services of its major labor force (rural women) should not be neglected. This paper is an attempt to discuss the development and export earnings of Pakistan's dairy industry and correspondence potential role of rural women with special reference to food security and poverty eradication in country. It is the descriptive analysis of data from 1961 to 2018.

The Role of Women in Rural Development in Enugu State, Nigeria

The study examined the implication of lack of women empowerment and non-membership of organization in rural development in Nigeria. Specifically, the study investigated whether empowering women economically can increase their participation in rural development and whether women who belong to organizations contribute more to rural development projects more than those who do not belong to organizations. The ex-post survey method was adopted and 17 Local Government Councils in Enugu State were sampled. The respondents include 507 females and 458 males who were purposively selected from the sample areas through a multi-state sampling technique. Structured questionnaire was administered to elicit the desired responses. Data collected were processed through an econometric method that involves descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings from the study showed that women’s rights much more than men’s are routinely ignored and infringed upon at different stages of their lives despite constitutional guarantees. The study found that awareness campaign was the most influential factor motivating women to participate in community development and therefore should be encouraged. The study also found that membership of co-operative societies was a mobilizing factor in community development. Based on these findings, the study recommended amongst others, that women education should be encouraged to empower more women to contribute to rural development in Nigeria.

Strengthening Women’s Participation in the Traditional Enterprises of sub-Saharan Africa: The Role of Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives in Niger Delta, Nigeria

The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the multinational oil companies (MOCs) corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives in Nigeria. Its special focus is to investigate the impact of the global memorandum of understanding (GMoU) on development of rural women’s traditional enterprises in the Niger Delta region. A total of 2400 women were sampled across the region. Results from the use of a combined propensity score matching and logit model indicate that the GMoU model of the CSR has recorded significant success in supporting farming and fishing transformation generally; but has also undermined those initiatives that focused on empowering rural women in traditional enterprises, due to the cultural and traditional context in the region. This causes both direct harm to women and their children, and wider costs to African economies. It implies that if the GMoU interventions are not targeted to raise women’s economic status and to deter aggression, invariably they may contribute towards reducing the participation of women in economic, political and social development and, by extension, dampen efforts in deterring poverty and achieving the sustainable development goals (SDGs) in sub-Saharan Africa.

Sustaining cultural tourism through higher female participation in Nigeria: The role of corporate social responsibility in oil host communities

AbstractThis paper adds to the gender discourse in sustainable African tourism development from the corporate social responsibility (CSR) perspective. Specifically, we examine the impact of CSR on the development of rural women in cultural tourism. A total of 600 rural women were sampled across the Niger Delta. Results from the use of a logit model indicate a significant relationship between CSR and cultural tourism development in oil host communities in Nigeria. This implies that CSR of a multinational oil company is a critical factor for sustaining cultural tourism. The findings suggest increased female participation in General Memorandum of Understanding interventions of multinational oil company and the need to pay close attention to which extent the participation of rural women in the General Memorandum of Understanding projects may be limited by cultural and traditional obstacles.

Gender Responsive of Rural Development in Kampung Batik, Kebumen Regency, Indonesia

The existence of traditions, attitudes, and prejudices that reject women’s participation in economic, social, and political activities; limited access to formal education that affects the high incident of women’s illiteracy); health pressure during pregnancy and lack of food and nutrition are obstacles of women in rural development. So far, the village development approach has not evenly considered its equitable benefit for women and men. the approach makes a need for the emergence of gender inequality and injustice. The development of rural areas needs to pay attention to gender (equality) because the benefits of development are usually only felt by one side, especially man. Gender empowerment is a measure to improve the quality of human resources from various development sectors and as an effort to reduce poverty. Gemeksekti Village and Jemur Village which has long been recognized as batik village in Kebumen Regency. However, based on) the long-term development plan (RPJP) of Kebumen district, batik industry was not a priority. Kebumen district government focuses on agribusiness as the main program. This study aims to describe and analyze relating to 1) the potential and problem from the gender perspective in batik’s village; 2) the efforts that have been done by the stakeholders which contribute in the development of rural areas. The research’s locations are Gemeksekti Village and Jemur Village, Kebumen Sub-district, which has been proclaimed by the Local Government as an area in the development of rural areas in Kebumen District. The method is qualitative descriptive and data has collected by literature study, survey, FGD, and in-depth interview. The results are the recommendation to various parties and support policymakers in determining development programs for rural areas, especially in the Gemeksekti and Jemur Village.

Sustaining Cultural Tourism Through Higher Female Participation in Nigeria: The Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in Oil Host Communities

This paper adds to the gender discourse in sustainable African tourism development from the corporate social responsibility (CSR) perspective. Specifically, we examine the impact of CSR on the development of rural women in cultural tourism. A total of 600 rural women were sampled across the Niger Delta. Results from the use of a logit model indicate a significant relationship between CSR and cultural tourism development in oil host communities in Nigeria. This implies that CSR of a multinational oil company (MOC) is a critical factor for sustaining cultural tourism. The findings suggest increased female participation in General Memorandum of Understanding (GMoU) interventions of MOC and the need to pay close attention to which extent the participation of rural women in the GMoU projects may be limited by cultural and traditional obstacles.

Role of information communication strategy in the development of rural women

Information communication technology can play a useful role in dissemination of information about various issues to the general public. It can be used for creating proper awareness, imparting education and prevention of various diseases. ICTs play an important role in community development. ICTs inform rural people about projects and programmes through newspapers, radio, television, videos, mobile apps, internet etc. Women in India are suffering from various types of problems. In this case ICTs play an important role in disseminating the information and education among the rural people. Women empowerment is possible through dissemination of information, education and knowledge among the people through ICTs. Present paper aims to discuss about the empowerment of rural women through ICTs.

The Development of Rural Women’s Specialized Cooperatives in China: An Analysis from New Institutionalism Perspective

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Since the rural declining and feminization of agriculture caused by rapid urbanization in China, the women’s specialized cooperatives &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;are an important organizational force to promote the rural agricultural economy and empower women. Taking 200 organizations in Chaoyang city of Liaoning province as the sample data, this article presents the current situation and existing problems of the rural women’s specialized cooperatives in China, and takes the new institutionalism as the basic theoretical framework. It analyzes the reasons of the problems from the level of formal institutions and informal institutions. In the formal institutions, the policy incentive system lacks rigid implementation measures, and there is no effective resultant force among the relevant organizations. In the informal institutions, rural women have the insufficient understanding of the prospects of the cooperatives, poor awareness of &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;“&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;brand&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;”&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; management and low&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; credibility of the cooperatives.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Consequently, promoting the development of the cooperatives should also start with reforming these institutions. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

IMPACT ANALYSIS OF MGNREGA ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IN RAJASTHAN

A major section in world is facing problem of poverty and unemployment. Rural people specifically women are the victims of this poverty and unemployment, in order to eliminate these, government also undertake some employment and poverty alleviation programmes like MGNREGA. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is first ever law internationally, that guarantees wage employment at an unprecedented scale. The primary objective of the MGNREGA is augmenting wage employment. Its auxiliary objective is strengthening natural resource management through works that address causes of chronic poverty like deforestation, drought and soil erosion and so encourage sustainable development. To strengthen the democratic system and enhance transparency and accountability in it, the process outcomes are focused towards improving the grassroots methodology of democracy. This paper discuss benefits of MGNREGA and its implementation, it focus to identify the influence and role of MGNREGA in rural women development and growth, and also suggested for the better implementation of this scheme. Mainly on the basis of primary data analysis, this paper attempts to highlight the role of MGNREGA in the empowerment of women in Rajasthan. The current research study will forth valuable insights with respect to the implementation of the Act and would indubitably function as an eye-opener for the authorities and policy makers to recognize and remedy the problems and constraints in the implementation KEYWORDS: MGNREGA, Poverty, Rajasthan, Women Empowerment

Mapping cassava food value chains in Tanzania's smallholder farming sector: The implications of intra-household gender dynamics

A gendered mapping of the structure and coordination (functioning) of traditional cassava value chains is important for marginalized groups such as women in rural development. In contrast to global high value chains, traditional food value chains and associated gender relations as well as power dynamics within households have received little attention. We conducted a cross sectional study in Kigoma, Mwanza, the coastal region, and Zanzibar Island in Tanzania. Data were collected through structured interviews conducted with 228 farmers, combined with key informant interviews, direct observations, repeated household visits, and literature review. The results of the study revealed that there are weak linkages within the cassava value chain, which is highly gendered. While production and processing nodes of the chain, which commenced from villages, were dominated by women and children, women were not well-integrated within high value nodes such as marketing in urban areas and cross-border trading, which were dominated by men. Transportation of cassava to highly lucrative markets was also dominated by men. Cassava processing was conducted at the household level as well as within small-scale cooperatives, with the major portion of this work being done by women. Supporting institutions were found to be involved in the supply of planting material, training, and the provision of processing equipment. In general, men played a prominent role in the control of resources, marketing, and income. In conclusion, the mapping of cassava value chains could help to identify avenues for understanding of poverty, enhancing food security, upgrading capacities, reducing gender inequality, and enhancing women's participation in marketing and income control in the cassava value chains.

Role of Elected Women Representatives of Panchayati Raj in Social and Natural Assets Development of Rural Women: An Explanatory Study among the Rural Women of Tiruvannamalai District, Tamil Nadu

Role of Elected Women Representatives of Panchayati Raj in Social and Natural Assets Development of Rural Women: An Explanatory Study among the Rural Women of Tiruvannamalai District, Tamil Nadu

Empowerment of Rural Women through SHGs: A Study in Telangana

The self-help group (SHG) is a powerful instrument to empower economically backward women of rural India as the women members under the SHG not only can earn income but they feel empowered also. With the launching of Swarnajaynti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) by the Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India from April 1999, subsequently rechristened as Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana–National Rural Livelihood Mission (DAY-NRLM) self-help group approach (SHG) has been given utmost importance in India for the development of rural women mainly focusing on below poverty line households. SHG concept is popular in many rural areas of India as through economic development and subsequently empowering, rural women have got a solid platform. This research article has discussed the how rural women after forming SHGs in Ranga Reddy district (R.R. District) of Telangana were not only earning and contributing to the family but felt empowered also. The study was carried out at Gandipet village of Gandipet Mandal, Ranga Reddy (R.R.) district in September 2017. The some women members of 10 different SHGs were contacted and few individual cases are presented here.