Residential Land Development Research Articles

Consideration of GREENAREARATIO When Establishing an Urban Development Plan

Purpose: Just as the natural environment is vital for people to live in, the park and green area, which are indicators for eco-friendly development, are essential when proceeding with urban development projects. Therefore, this study reviewed focusing on the park and green area ratio in the environmental impact assessment for urban development projects. Through this, we intended to provide a comprehen-sive guideline for environmental land use planning and design for urban development or residential land development projects and to guide plans and designs based on this. Method: The analysis was based on the environmental impact assessment, which was investigated for 145 urban development projects for 18 years from 2003 to 2020. We conducted a one -way ANOVA analysis to determine the difference between the green area rate by year, the green area rate by region, the population density by region, and the park area per person by region. Post-hoc analysis was per-formed by the Scheffe test. To conduct the above statistical analysis, we used the Spss Statistics 21 sta-tistics program. Results: The number of consultations on environmental impact assessment for urban development projects by year was the highest in 2006 and 2008, with 14 cases(9.66%). The green area rate by year was as high as 25.09% in 2005, 24.88% in 2007, and 22.73% in 2009. The green area rate by region was the highest in the Gangwon area with 22.63%, followed by 20.47% in the metropolitan area, 19.59% in the Honam area, and 19.51% in the Chungcheong area. The population density by region was the high-est with 2.10(person/m2) in the metropolitan area. Next the Gangwon area was 1.99(person/m2) and the Southeast area was 1.80(person/m2). The park area per person by region was the largest in the Honam area, with 10.93m2. Conclusion: The area of parks and green spaces is seen as the minimum standard stipulated by law. However, the high green area ratio and the difference in population density by region during active ur-ban development projects are to create a pleasant residential environment. Therefore, in a place with high population density, it is necessary to establish a high standard for securing green space to create a comfortable living environment. Also, in the case of parks, the location is essential as well as the area. Since green areas on slopes excluding parks in the green area ratio are difficult to use, we insist that green areas on slopes should be reduced, and park areas should be set high to create a pleasant resi-dential environment.

IMPLIKASI PERKEMBANGAN PERUMAHAN TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DI DESA BONGAN, KABUPATEN TABANAN, BALI.

The resulting growth and population density also affects the use of existing space. This is evidenced by the process of land conversion that is so rapid due to urban activity is extended to the edge of the city. Bongan Village is a part of Tabanan District which is located on the strategic urban outskirts, so it has a good appeal to be a residential area or commercial area. With its strategic location it will certainly affect the agricultural land in Bongan Village whose land use conditions are shifting. Therefore, The purpose of this study is to identify the development of agriculture land conversion into non-agricultural land and analyze the socio-economic conditions of the community related to the conversion of agricultural land there. This study uses spatial analysis to calculate the area of land change and describe the socio-economic condition. Based on the results of the identification and tracking of secondary data of agricultural land area recently decreased every year even almost more than 1 Ha of agriculture land converted into residential land, public infrastructure and road infrastructure development. In 2013 the planting area of Bongan Village is 464 Ha while in 2014, 2015 planting area in Bongan Village of 232 Ha so it can be seen the decrease of agricultural land area in Bongan Village.

Метод временной экстраполяции рыночных данных для кадастровой оценки земель в условиях малоразвитого рынка

The matter of cadastral estimation results is one of the most topical in Russia nowadays. People do not agree to fi scal burdens, scientists are not satisfi ed with mass estimation institutions in general. The main reason for such a situation is problems with source data, namely their insuffi cient quality and quantity. As for insuffi cient quality, the only way to make source data better is proper collecting and storing process, but for quantity the way is to develop new methods of mass estimation. The research is devoted to method of market data extrapolation in time for mass assessment of land development, which is effective under conditions of a weak-developed market. This analytical statistical approach is based on implementation of time factor into multiple regression equation that enables using market data extrapolated in time. The method consists of such steps as collecting price forming factors and, sales data over the period of 10 years, making thematic maps, adequacy analysis, and constructing a valuation model. The outcome of the method implementation in cadastral estimation of individual residential development land plots in Votkinsk city showed that it is 50 % more effective than the results of the current government cadastral evaluation.

Can brokers rig the real estate market? An exploratory study of the commercial real estate sector

ABSTRACT This paper focuses on how brokerage practices in the markets for commercial real estate investment assets and residential development land in England generate different possibilities for and patterns of opportunistic behaviours. Drawing upon previous research and analysis, the paper examines the nature of the brokerage market in both sub-markets. An interactionist model of the determinants of ethical judgement in the context of the brokerage sector is created. Based upon an interview survey of brokers and principals, the findings of an exploratory empirical study are discussed. Whilst there are challenges in defining, observing and measuring opportunistic behaviours, it is concluded that a number of different unethical practices have become routine rather than exceptional in the markets for institutional-grade real estate assets and residential development land.

An Analysis of Urbanisation Dynamics with the Use of the Fuzzy Set Theory—A Case Study of the City of Olsztyn

Quantitative, qualitative and structural changes in land use that occur in a given location over time are a manifestation and a measure of urban development. Urbanisation is a process of spatial diffusion that spreads from the urban core to peripheral areas. Urban development is linked with human activities in a specific location and in a given period of time. In the context of spatial management, urbanisation is a process where less intensive land-use types are replaced by more intensive forms of land use. The demand for new land for residential development, the search for alternative locations for housing construction and the development of sustainable land management plans require new methods that support decision-making in the process of land conversion in peri-urban areas. The aim of this study was to develop a methodology for identifying and localising the boundaries of urban development with the use of the fuzzy set theory and to analyse the rate of changes in land use based on data for 2005–2010–2017. The proposed method supports the identification and localisation of urbanised areas and an evaluation of the degree of urbanisation in the interval [0,1]. The case study was conducted in the Polish city of Olsztyn.

Testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis on land use: The case of Romania

The aim of the present study is to test empirically the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis for 42 Romanian counties over the 2000-2014 period. Specifically, we investigate the existence of an inverted U-shaped curve relationship between residential built-up land and economic development in a low-income EU country undergoing rapid and profound transition. We do so by making innovative use of spatial panel econometric techniques. Contrary to our expectations, the results indicate an inverted EKC, implying that higher levels of residential built-up area occur for higher levels of wealth. Moreover, we find that the built-up land in Romania mainly reflects processes of urban expansion, such as sprawl or suburbanization, that may have harmful environmental and social consequences. Spatial spill-overs in terms of built-up land arise and spread, albeit to a limited extent, to neighbouring locations. These findings are of potential significance for policy makers, because they highlight the need for coordination among neighbours. Furthermore, strengthening the institutional framework and local tax management, and planning urban regeneration better could curb and even reverse the extensive built-up land expansion and real estate speculation.

A GIS-based approach to explore the factors contributing towards Urban residential land development and re-development (LDR): a case of Rajshahi City Corporation area

ABSTRACT Urban Residential land development and redevelopment intensity (LDR) act as an essential index to understand magnitude of urban livability and sustainable development. Recent urbanization pattern of Rajshahi city has made a rising demand for land, which made it a precious commodity. As a result of it, Rajshahi City Corporation (RCC) area is undergoing significant residential LDR in recent years. The understanding of factors influencing this residential LDR has great importance in real estate development as well as overall housing situation of thecity. For this purpose, this study tries to explore the spatial characteristics of LDR. Relative Operating Characteristics (ROC) test statistics (>0.5) with improve hedonic model are set out to identify the internal drivers of LDR. Finally, geostatistics is explored by integrating methods of Geographic Information System (GIS) and SPSS regression analysis to analyze the correlation between LDR and driving factors. The spatial distribution of residential LDR has shown a strong distance decline law. One of the most exciting findings was that increase in distance to Central Business District (CBD) from the residential land has a slight influence on LDR. The outcomes of the paper will be beneficial for investors and policy-makers in their development decision-making processes.

ANALYSIS OF HABITAT AREA FOR ENDANGERED SPECIES USING MAXENT BY URBANIZATION IN CHIBA, JAPAN

Chiba prefecture in Japan abounds with rich nature and is surrounded by sea and many rivers. But the number of endangered species in Chiba has been increasing since World War II because various habitats have been destroyed by rapid urbanization. However, studies have analyzed the time-series change in the amount of green area and habitat area for endangered species taking into consideration adverse impacts of road construction and residential land development in Chiba, Japan. In this research, we estimated the change of green area and habitat area for some endangered species using MaxEnt (Maximum Entropy Modeling) software for modeling species niches and distributions. As the result, it was shown that the green space area and water environment including rivers, lakes, ponds, and coastal area has decreased while the buildup area has increased from 1976 to 2009. Also, it was concluded that total habitat possibility area of the ruddy crake, red fox, Japanese skink, and Tokyo salamander have decreased by 3.6%, 6.0%, 1.6%, and 0.7%, respectively.

Decision Support System for Determining Land Priority for Housing Development Using Fuzzy Analytical Process (Fuzzy-AHP) Method

The National Housing Development Public Corporation (Perumnas) was established as a government solution in providing adequate housing for the middle to lower classes, to realize this, Perumnas set a target of building 100,000 houses / year. The aspect of development is to ensure that all communities occupy decent homes in a healthy environment, an increase in the number of residents in the city, especially the city of Medan, causes settlement problems because the area of land is a fixed factor, while the population is always growing, thus requiring a system that can help decision in determining the priority of land for housing development. In this study an analysis of patterns related to applicable criteria or rules is implemented by applying the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (Fuzzy-AHP) method, to produce accurate and effective information for making priority decisions on the location of the best residential development land. The analysis framework uses a data collection approach sourced from Public Relations, then an analysis is carried out to determine the criteria, rules and standards used, then a system is built by implementing the Fuzzy-AHP method to produce optimal alternatives that can be used as information. Alternative results will be evaluated by quantitative and qualitative analysis compared to the existing system. The developed system is expected to be used as a tool in decision making in the Regional Sumatra Regional Public Corporation I company that is optimal according to the criteria, rules or standards used. Data collection using the method of literature study, observation, interviews, and sampling. This research is expected to be one of the references in the application of decision support systems in a real scope and contribute to building a constructive community culture based on logical and scientific values.

Study on disaster risks and countermeasures influenced by the impact of the modernization process in historical mountain villages: A case study of Hanazawa historical village, Japan

This paper focuses on disaster risk reduction in preserved historical villages in mountainous regions subject to multiple hazard risks such as floods, debris flows, and declining and ageing populations. This study reveals how disaster risk factors and countermeasures were influenced by modernization processes in historical mountain villages and how these villages overcame the new disaster risk factors and sudden social changes. First, the actual disaster prevention situations such as the disaster risks, resident awareness, and lessons learned from past disasters, are investigated. Furthermore, the impact of modernization's influence on disaster risk factors and countermeasures is also analysed. It is found that new disaster risk factors are rooted in the development of new residential land, road improvements, neglected fields and devastated forests. Then, the effective past disaster countermeasures are examined. Finally, this study reveals that effective traditional measures, such as high basement stone walls, the pre-existing three-structure disaster management system, various disaster management-related laws and local organizations, are the key factors used to overcome various disasters and mitigate the impact of the modernization process.

Incentivizing residential land development

The owners of undeveloped urban land are often blamed for restricting housing supply and thereby driving up house prices in the face of increasing demand. This article shows how greater variation in amenity values across a housing market reduces competition between developers and makes delaying development more attractive to landowners. Competition can be enhanced, and development of land accelerated, by reducing this variation. In particular, governments can increase housing supply in more desirable areas by taking actions that boost the amenity value of land in less desirable areas.

Exploring the factors affecting regional land development patterns at different developmental stages: Evidence from 289 Chinese cities

Numerous studies have explored the drivers and consequences of the expansion of urban areas. However, limited research has been conducted on the land development of cities based on the different developmental stages. Therefore, using land transaction records obtained by Python in the land market of China during the 2011–2015 period, this study explores the factors affecting the land development process in 289 cities at five different stages of economic development. The development stages are identified by combing per capita GDP and the industrial structure in the 289 cities in 2015. The stages of economic development are the primary production stage (PPS), primary industrialization stage (PIS), middle industrialization stage (MIS), later industrialization stage (LIS), and developed stage (DS). The results reveal that with the advance of regional development stage, the scale of land development increases. We also find that, in general, the proportions of residential and public management-service land development projects increases, whereas the proportion of transportation land development projects decreases. The proportions of industrial-mining-warehouse land development projects first increases and then decreases, and there is no significant change in the proportion of land used for commercial land development projects. Regression analyses of panel data indicate that various factors have different effects on land development at five developmental stages, although the positive effects of domestic fixed asset investment on land development are always strongest. The results can contribute to our understanding of land development patterns in different stages of development and local governments in China, and thus to the formulation of reasonable annual land development plans.

PENGADAAN TANAH UNTUK PEMBANGUNAN PERUMAHAN DI KOTA PALEMBANG

Residential development in Palembang city is not a simple problem, because residential development need always grows and population growth increases every year, but the supply of land for residential development is limited. The research shows that residential developers have noticed the three factors of land provision for residential development. Based on the physical aspect, the wide area of residential is 4 hectare, and land designation status is garden soil. The easy access and appropriateness to the RTRW are the considerations of developers for building the residence. Based on the institutional aspect, the status of land rights is property rights by way of purchase. Moreover, land supply through land bank is assessed helping the residential developer. Local governments sometimes help the developers, but the developers have difficulty in particular section permits the acquisition of development principles at a location due to government bureaucracy and complex rule. Based on the economic aspect, land prices are cheap and profitable and they become the reasons for choosing the location of residential developers. The price of land per meter2 at the time of purchase was relatively high, indicating the residential developers in Palembang city are very effective in raising the economic of land value. Of the three aspects, the economy aspect is prioritized by residential developers, because residential developers as enterpreneurs have an orientation to get the profit.Keywords: Development, Residential Developer

Recognizing loss of open forest ecosystems by tree densification and land use intensification in the Midwestern USA

Forests and grasslands have changed during the past 200 years in the eastern USA, and it is now possible to quantify loss and conversion of vegetation cover at regional scales. We quantified historical (ca. 1786–1908) and current land cover and determined long-term ecosystem change to either land use or closed forests in eight states of the Great Lakes and Midwest. Historically, the region was 35% grasslands (31 million hectares), 38% open forests of savannas and woodlands (33 million hectares), and 25% closed forests (22 million hectares). Currently, the region is about 85% land use (76 million hectares), primarily agriculture, and 15% closed forests (12 million hectares). Land use intensification removed 75% of open forests, while 25% of open forests have densified to closed forests without low severity disturbance to remove understory trees. Historical forest ecosystems included a gradient of oak savannas and woodlands with open midstories (50 to 250 trees/ha), along with closed old growth forests. Open forests have become dense (200 to 375 trees/ha) and are cut frequently, resulting in the extremes of closed canopy forests and clearcut openings across forested landscapes. We demonstrated that forests have transitioned from a historically wide gradient in canopy closure to either dense young closed forests with clearcut openings or to various land uses (agriculture, grazing, residential and commercial land development). The historical abundance of open forest ecosystems, composed of both forest and grassland layers, often is not recognized, and thus, these forests are undervalued for conservation and management.

Small-Farm Settlement Landscapes in Transition

Settlement landscape heritage is an integral aspect of Ireland’s rurality: it contributes to national and international perceptions of Ireland in which images of a land of green fields and rural culture prevail. These images are increasingly valuable in setting Ireland as a place apart within the global economy as evidenced, for example, by Bord Bia’s ‘Origin Green’ initiative. However, contemporary demand for rural housing poses a challenge to the maintenance of these landscapes. The one-off rural house, rather than large scale developments, poses the most significant challenge to traditional landscapes. National policy makers have attempted to engage with this issue with limited success. There is a tacit acceptance of the social, economic and cultural significance of rural housing, particularly farm households that are the primary controllers of landuse in rural areas. Within the constraints of the topography of the farm, they have played a key role in the development of both traditional and contemporary farmscapes. This is most evident in areas dominated by smaller farms. Strategies involving allocation or sale of land for residential development are of particular interest given that they simultaneously facilitate continuation of the family farm as a social entity as well as precipitating local change through expansion of non-rural settlement patterns. Insight into the processes of change in small farm structures and communities in recent decades is critical in explaining and understanding the evolution of local settlement patterns up to the present. This paper seeks to elucidate both changes and continuities in three counties in Ireland: Monaghan, Mayo and Meath.

Small-Farm Settlement Landscapes in Transition

Settlement landscape heritage is an integral aspect of Ireland’s rurality: it contributes to national and international perceptions of Ireland in which images of a land of green fields and rural culture prevail. These images are increasingly valuable in setting Ireland as a place apart within the global economy as evidenced, for example, by Bord Bia’s ‘Origin Green’ initiative. However, contemporary demand for rural housing poses a challenge to the maintenance of these landscapes. The one-off rural house, rather than large scale developments, poses the most significant challenge to traditional landscapes. National policy makers have attempted to engage with this issue with limited success. There is a tacit acceptance of the social, economic and cultural significance of rural housing, particularly farm households that are the primary controllers of landuse in rural areas. Within the constraints of the topography of the farm, they have played a key role in the development of both traditional and contemporary farmscapes. This is most evident in areas dominated by smaller farms. Strategies involving allocation or sale of land for residential development are of particular interest given that they simultaneously facilitate continuation of the family farm as a social entity as well as precipitating local change through expansion of non-rural settlement patterns. Insight into the processes of change in small farm structures and communities in recent decades is critical in explaining and understanding the evolution of local settlement patterns up to the present. This paper seeks to elucidate both changes and continuities in three counties in Ireland: Monaghan, Mayo and Meath.

Incentivizing Residential Land Development

Incentivizing Residential Land Development

Monitoring the Different Types of Urban Construction Land Expansion (UCLE) in China’s Port City: A Case Study of Ningbo’s Central City

The internal structure of urban construction land expansion (UCLE) is closely related to urban sustainability, and the UCLE in China’s port city has a unique pattern. This study attempted to monitor the internal structure evolution of UCLE based on construction land transfer data in Ningbo’s central city from 2002 to 2015. Equality fan analysis and kernel density analysis were applied to characterize the spatial–temporal dynamics of different types of UCLE and to summarize their evolution patterns. The results revealed that in the whole study area, the rank of the expansion size and intensity of construction land was: industrial land > traffic land > residential land > public land > commercial land. The dominant directions of all types of UCLE were the directions of the port zones. In the port zones, there were more apparent expansion trends and higher expansion intensities of industrial, traffic and public lands, which meant that the port had significant impact on UCLE, especially in terms of industrial land. Additionally, commercial and residential land expansions showed a circle-shaped gradient pattern; industrial land sprawl was in a leapfrog pattern; public and traffic land sprawl was illustrated in a bi-centric pattern. In the future, local government should encourage the development of residential and public land rather than industrial land, and shift the present industry structure which dominated by industry to a more balanced structure, in order to achieve sustainable development.

Modelling and Simulating Urban Residential Land Development in Jiading New City, Shanghai

This study develops an agent-based and spatial genetic algorithm framework called Population-driven Urban Land Development (PDULD) to simulate urban land development and population dynamics. In the model, household-life cycles promote their location and relocation desires and, thus, form local housing market demand. Land developers and local governments make optimal use of current land reserves to meet housing demands. Land development in an area is treated as a multi-goal optimization activity. Community cohesion theory is introduced into the model to illustrate the influence of the population on the spatial structure of urban land use. The study uses the Spatial Genetic Algorithm to help find the best land development choices to achieve social, economic, and environmental goals. The results show that the model simulates population distribution quite well and interprets the real land use at a neighborhood level with a reasonable accuracy. A historic data comparison indicates that government policies and increasing land prices have dominated the process of land development in Shanghai based on a case study of Jiading New City.

The Economic Value of Tree Preservation in a Weak Land Development Market Region

New residential development is most often a death sentence for the trees that stand in its way. This behavior might be altered if developers thought there was an economic value to being more selective. Unfortunately, the relationship between tree preservation and new development is not well studied. The purpose of this study was to characterize the economic value gained from the preservation of mature trees during the land development process. The study focused on six counties constituting the greater Cleveland, Ohio, U.S., real estate and land development market. A mixed quantitative and qualitative approach was used. GIS-based data and a series of hedonic models determined the value of tree canopy associated with new home sale prices from 2009 to 2011. Qualitative interviews of development and real estate professionals revealed a nuanced association of value and challenges to tree preservation during the residential land development process. Previous methods for estimating the economic value of trees were moved forward through aerial location of trees on parcels using Google Earth™ and the National Agricultural Imagery Program (NAIP) data and through the mixed-method approach. The study provided information to a state-level agency managing the state’s incentive-based smart growth program.