Development Of Renewable Energy Technologies Research Articles

Chinese Wind Power Development Experience and Future Expectations

With the rapid development of renewable energy technology in the world, the upgrading of the energy system in China with new renewable energy techniques is necessary, the government has taken more measures in order to seek better future development. Wind power plants are a promising way of solving the electricity shortage in eastern China. However, several problems exist with the fast development and extensive expansion of wind power plants in the past decade. Also, there is a lack of systematical understanding in measures of solving the currently existing issues with the fast development. Thus, in this paper, China’s wind power technology development will be explored in the following sections as the epitome of the whole new energy technology. The distribution of wind reserves in China is discussed, and the development of wind power in China is furtherly explored. Take it as a reference, constructive suggestions have been made for future development, and the possible ways to develop wind energy sustainably might be verified in the future.

An integrated method with adaptive decomposition and machine learning for renewable energy power generation forecasting.

In recent years, traditional energy sources have caused a variety of negative impacts on the environment, and reducing carbon emissions is a top priority. The development of renewable energy technology is the key to transform the energy structure. Renewable energy represented by wind energy and photovoltaics has abundant reserves so they are connected to the grid system on a large scale. However, because of natural energy's randomness, renewable energy power generation poses potential risks to energy production and grid security. By making short-term forecasts of renewable energy generation power, the uncertainty of energy generation can be reduced, and it is crucial to study renewable energy forecasting techniques. This paper proposes an integrated forecasting system for renewable energy sources. Firstly, ensemble empirical mode decomposition is used for data preprocessing, and stationarity analysis is used for modal identification; then, support vector regression optimized by sparrow search algorithm and statistical methods are combined to make forecast according to different characteristics of the series respectively; finally, the feasibility of this method in renewable energy time series prediction is verified by experiments. The experiments prove that the proposed model effectively improves the accuracy and prediction performance on ultra-short-term renewable energy forecasting; and it has good applicability and competitiveness with different forecasting scenarios and characteristics, which satisfy the actual forecasting requirements in terms of operational efficiency and accuracy, thus providing a technical basis for the effective utilization of renewable energy.

Sliding Mode Predictive Current Control for Single-Phase H-Bridge Converter with Parameter Robustness

As the important technology of renewable energy systems, power electronics technology is directly bound up with the prospect and development of renewable energy technology. As the output end of renewable energy systems, a single-phase H-bridge converter needs to stabilize the output current. When predictive current control (PCC) tracks the reference current, the dynamic response is the fastest, but the control delay and the changes in model parameters will cause the output current steady-state error. The sliding mode predictive current control (SMPCC) algorithm is proposed to control the output current better. The proposed SMPCC scheme uses the combination of traditional PCC and variable structure scheme, and it establishes the mathematical model according to the state equation of the converter. Taking the exponential reaching law as control law, the expression of the variable structure controller is obtained. The MATLAB experimental and simulation results show that SMPCC can not only improve its robustness to the parameter changes but also obtain better steady-state performance while enhancing the rapidity of the current changes. In conclusion, SMPCC has a better control effect in the converter.

Atomically dispersed Ir catalysts exhibit support-dependent water oxidation kinetics during photocatalysis.

Heterogeneous water oxidation catalysis is central to the development of renewable energy technologies. Recent research has suggested that the reaction mechanisms are sensitive to the hole density at the active sites. However, these previous results were obtained on catalysts of different materials featuring distinct active sites, making it difficult to discriminate between competing explanations. Here, a comparison study based on heterogenized dinuclear Ir catalysts (Ir-DHC), which feature the same type of active site on different supports, is reported. The prototypical reaction was water oxidation triggered by pulsed irradiation of suspensions containing a light sensitizer, Ru(bpy)32+, and a sacrificial electron scavenger, S2O82-. It was found that at relatively low temperatures (288-298 K), the water oxidation activities of Ir-DHC on indium tin oxide (ITO) and CeO2 supports were comparable within the studied range of fluences (62-151 mW cm-2). By contrast, at higher temperatures (310-323 K), Ir-DHC on ITO exhibited a ca. 100% higher water oxidation activity than on CeO2. The divergent activities were attributed to the distinct abilities of the supporting substrates in redistributing holes. The differences were only apparent at relatively high temperatures when hole redistribution to the active site became a limiting factor. These findings highlight the critical role of the supporting substrate in determining the turnover at active sites of heterogeneous catalysts.

The impact of startup ecosystems on renewable energy technologies

Against the backdrop of growing global challenges related to climate change and resource depletion, the need for renewable energy solutions is becoming increasingly important. The purpose of the article is to explore the transformational impact of startup ecosystems on the development, innovation, and widespread adoption of renewable energy technologies, given their key role in shaping clean energy in the long term. The article applies a comprehensive approach that includes a systematic study of the symbiotic relationship between startup ecosystems and the renewable energy sector, with a special focus on the role of startups as catalysts for innovation. It is proved that startup ecosystems play a crucial role in fostering entrepreneurship, stimulating innovation, and accelerating the adoption of renewable energy technologies. The author emphasizes the empirically proven link between the goals of startup ecosystems and global sustainable development initiatives, in particular the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) - SDG 7 and SDG 13, justifying their crucial role in stimulating innovation and accelerating the widespread adoption of renewable energy technologies. The key factors and mechanisms for the development of startup ecosystems in the field of renewable energy are identified and their importance for strategic decision-making is substantiated. The article outlines the technological problems, regulatory uncertainty, and limited funding faced by renewable energy startups. The findings provide evidence-based strategies for overcoming technological challenges and a deeper understanding of the dynamics of collaboration in startup ecosystems to promote the widespread adoption of renewable energy technologies in line with global sustainable development initiatives.

State financial regulation of renewable energy development

The article considers financial incentives for the development and application of renewable energy technologies. The authors argue that state support is necessary to make renewable energy competitive with non-renewable energy. The state financial regulation of renewable energy is fixed by corresponding programme documents. Green bonds, block grants, reduced rates of customs duties, subsidies and preferential lending can be used as instruments of financial stimulation in different countries. The article points out the remaining obstacles and barriers that limit the wide application of renewable energy.

A Multi-Level Fuzzy Evaluation Method for the Reliability of Integrated Energy Systems

With the increase in environmental pressure and rapid development of renewable energy technologies, an integrated energy system has been recognized as an effective approach to accommodate large-scale renewables and achieve environmental sustainability. While an integrated energy system significantly improves energy efficiency, the interaction between different energy systems may also bring multiple operational risks to its reliability, which necessitates an effective reliability assessment technique. In this paper, we proposed a multi-level fuzzy evaluation model based on combined empowerment for the reliability evaluation of an integrated energy system. The analytic hierarchy process method and entropy weight method were used to calculate the weight of each index in the evaluation model. Fuzzy evaluation matrix was constructed by the membership degree of a single factor, which was defined by the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The multi-level fuzzy evaluation results were obtained based on single-level evaluation results. Finally, case studies were carried out based on a practical integrated energy system; we proposed 5 first-level indicators such as reliability and economy and 12 second-level indicators such as mean time of incapacity. The simulation results (85.15) showed the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed model.

Estimating Future Costs of Emerging Wave Energy Technologies

The development of new renewable energy technologies is generally perceived as a critical factor in the fight against climate change. However, significant difficulties arise when estimating the future performance and costs of nascent technologies such as wave energy. Robust methods to estimate the commercial costs that emerging technologies may reach in the future are needed to inform decision-making. The aim of this paper is to increase the clarity, consistency, and utility of future cost estimates for emerging wave energy technologies. It proposes a novel three-step method: (1) using a combination of existing bottom-up and top-down approaches to derive the current cost breakdown; (2) assigning uncertainty ranges, depending on the estimation reliability then used, to derive the first-of-a-kind cost of the commercial technology; and (3) applying component-based learning rates to produce the LCOE of a mature technology using the upper bound from (2) to account for optimism bias. This novel method counters the human propensity toward over-optimism. Compared with state-of-the-art direct estimation approaches, it provides a tool that can be used to explore uncertainties and focus attention on the accuracy of cost estimates and potential learning from the early stage of technology development. Moreover, this approach delivers useful information to identify remaining technology challenges, concentrate innovation efforts, and collect evidence through testing activities.

A tailored direct-to-indirect band structure transition in double perovskite oxides influences its photocatalysis efficiency

The increase in cost-effective materials for harvesting solar energy is essential for the development of renewable energy technologies. Photovoltaics and photocatalysts are been actively researched in the field of harvesting solar photons. In this communication, we explore stable Ru-doped Ba2HoSbO6 (BHSR) complex perovskites with promising photocatalytic properties and a bandgap that is tunable in the UV–Vis region. The band gap shows a non-linear decrease with increased Ru doping, which follows an asymmetrically-weighted Vegard's law. UV–Visible absorption measurements and density functional theory (DFT) based simulations reveal a transition in magnitude (energy) as well as nature of the band structure (direct-to-indirect) upon Ru substitution; an observation which is unique and can influence future band structure engineering in perovskite oxides. This tailored band structure engineering plays an important role in the carrier recombination process aptly captured through photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of BHSR is demonstrated through a time varying photo-degradation of rhodamine B (Rh–B)-particulate BHSR solution. The catalytic activity is seen to improve with increased Ru doping which can be attributed to the reduction in the electron localization (electrical conductivity), increased dielectric screening, decrease in band gap and carrier recombination (electronic structure).

The Causal Nexus between Renewable Energy, CO2 Emissions, and Economic Growth: New Evidence from CIS Countries

This study examines the long-run and short-run of causal nexus between renewable energy generation, CO2 emissions, and economic growth in selected Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), namely Azerbaijan, Russian Federation, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan over the period from 2002M01 to 2020M12. The study uses the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model to examine the long-run and short-run asymmetric effects between selected variables under concern. The results of empirical model estimation suggested that renewable energy generation has a significant long-run positive effect on CO2 emissions and economic growth in the economies under study, except Kazakhstan. Indeed, renewable energy has an insignificant negative long-run effect on the economic growth in Kazakhstan. Our empirical results summarized that the short-run coefficients of renewable energy generation have a significant steadily positive effect on carbon emission and economic growth in all selected countries under study. Finally, results of the GIRF analysis provided that the innovation shocks оf renewable energy generation have a positive steady-state impact оn CO2 emissions in the economies of CIS countries. For the policy implication, energy policy must be designed with the development of the economy, the development of the environment, and the use of renewable energy sources in the countries in mind. The promotion of renewable energy sources benefits not only the environment but also the economic conditions of the countries. Thus, economic growth is essential to generate the necessary resources for the research and development of renewable energy technologies and related infrastructure.

Investigating the Index of Sustainable Development and Reduction in Greenhouse Gases of Renewable Energies

Considering the limited resources of fossil energy and the problems caused by the emission of greenhouse gases, it is necessary to pay more attention to renewable energies, because in this way, the goals of sustainable development can be achieved. The importance of renewable energies in sustainable development, reducing greenhouse gases and increasing energy security on the one hand, and the need for financial resources and large investments for renewable energy projects on the other hand, doubles the role and importance of financial development in the development of renewable energies. Considering the importance of this issue, the present study examines the impact of the development of modern facilities and renewable energy technology. In this study, dynamic interactions in the Sustainable-Energy-Energy Development Pattern of carbon dioxide are investigated using the Bayesian Vector Auto Regression (BVAR) method. One of the most important indicators for evaluating sustainable development is the modified pure arrangement (GS). For this purpose, this index was used as a sustainable development index. The results indicate that the effect of positive impulse on renewable and renewable energy consumption on sustainable development in Uganda is positive. In addition, the positive shock of renewable and renewable energy consumption increases the emissions of carbon dioxide pollutants to a different extent. In addition, the effect of the growth of sustainable development index on renewable energy consumption and renewal energy consumption is (CO2) negative. The research results show that based on the RMSE criterion, the former SSVS-Full function was used to investigate the impact of renewable energy consumption on sustainable development and the independent Normal-Wish art function was used. Therefore, in this research, the dynamic relationships between sustainable development, energy consumption (separately from renewable and non-renewable energy) and CO2 emissions are investigated.

Micro Wave Energy Farming on Slender Pile Structure

The development of renewable energy technology has mostly beenfocused on macro-sized farming models. Recent studies have explored the benefits of micro wave energy to support offshore sensor networks. This paper discusses the viability of micro ocean energy farming of wave energy on slender pile structure through piezoelectric converters. Case study was obtained using Tuban environmental data from the year 2004-2009. Significant wave height and period were used to generate wave forces on slender pile and converted to electrical energy using simple piezoelectric converter equations. The resulting wave force on a 0.03m thick piezoelectric plate generates voltage of 0.6 Volt.

A Small Modular House as a Response to the Energy Crisis

Energy security is becoming one of the most important issues today. Continuous increases in the prices of fossil fuels, firewood and wood pellets have become commonplace in many countries. One positive effect of this situation is the greater focus on the development of renewable energy technologies and the search for solutions to reduce the heat demands of residential buildings. The purpose of this paper is to present a small modular building that can be a response to the energy crisis and Ukraine’s wave of refugees in Poland. The results of the energy simulations performed in DesignBuilder software showed that this type of house has a primary energy demand of 139.35 kWh/m2. The calculations were performed for the climatic conditions of north-eastern Poland, assuming natural gas as the fuel. The use of a geothermal heat pump reduced this value to 90.14 kWh/m2. In order to achieve a zero primary energy balance, 23.76 m2 of PV panels and 4 m2 of solar thermal collectors should be installed. In addition, the influence of the overhangs and the glazing area on the heat gain from the solar radiation was analyzed. A drop in temperature inside the house in the event of a continuous power failure was also investigated.

Analysis of the mechanism of renewable energy on energy-saving and environmental protection industry: Empirical evidence from four countries

The “Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality” strategy of China has accelerated the process of industrial structure transformation of global energy-saving and environmental protection. With the international efforts to cope with climate change and the growing consensus on low-carbon energy, many countries have introduced policy measures to promote the development of the renewable energy industry. This paper constructs an empirical model to analyze the mechanism of four kinds of renewable energy power generation technologies on energy consumption in four countries, and further discusses the impact of main renewable energy power generation technologies on the development of the smart environmental protection industry of China under the “Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality” goal. The results show that there is a huge gap in renewable energy technologies among different countries. There is technical heterogeneity in the effects of four kinds of renewable energy technologies on energy consumption, which can effectively reduce energy consumption on the whole. Renewable energy technologies have an impact on the development of the smart environmental protection industry in China from different aspects, which is generally conducive to promoting the development of energy-saving and environmental protection emerging industry. Finally, combined with the empirical conclusions, this paper puts forward suggestions on how to effectively optimize the construction of energy-saving and environmental protection emerging industry in the development of renewable energy technologies.

Financial development and development of renewable energy technologies: A comparison of developing and developed countries

Greenhouse gas emissions are a global concern, and many countries around the world are looking for alternative traditional sources of hydrocarbon energy with economic and environ- mental benefits, including considering the effects of rising oil prices and their subsequent shocks, increasing energy security, and reducing consumption of fossil fuels. The effective role of renewable energy in sustainable development, reducing greenhouse gases and increasing energy security on the one hand, and the necessity of assigning major financial resources to renewable energy projects on the other hand, double the importance of financial improve- ment in the development of renewable energy sources. Due to the importance of this issue, using a panel data model, the present study examines the impact of financial development in the stock market, credit market and total financial markets on the development of renewable energy technology in two groups of selected developed and developing countries during the years 2000-2018. According to the results, financial development has a significant positive impact on the development of renewable energy technology. Due to the nature of this type of energy, it can have multiple environmental benefits as well. Furthermore, in this regard, in the selected developed countries, the improved financial market (credit and stock markets) has a positive effect on the development of the annual installed capacity of renewable energy. How- ever, in the selected developing countries, development in financial market has a positive effect on the deployment of renewable energy as well. Based on the coefficients in two re- gression models, credit market improvement has a greater effect on the development of the installed capacity of renewable energy technologies in developing countries rather than in developed countries. Also, the overall financial index indicates that financial development has a greater effect on deployment of renewable energies in developed countries rather than in developing countries. JEL classification: G2, Q43, C23

The Turn to Safeguard Measures in the Solar Trade War

The growing energy security and climate change concerns have created a huge demand and global market for renewable energy technologies such as solar panels. The race to capture a share of this lucrative global market and other political economy considerations have inspired a trade war. Much of this war has been fought with and against green industrial policy measures such as subsidies tied to local content requirements (LCRs) and trade remedy instruments such as antidumping and countervailing duties. Safeguard measures are the latest additions to the armoury of trade defence measures in this burgeoning trade war. This article examines the dynamics behind and the implications of the turn to renewable energy safeguards for the global effort to accelerate the development and deployment of renewable energy technologies in light of the recent World Trade Organization (WTO) Panel report on US – Safeguard Measure on PV Products. The article makes three interrelated arguments. First, the WTO jurisprudence on renewable energy support measures and rapidly evolving global value chains in renewable energy technologies helped spur the turn to safeguard measures (SGMs). Second, the seal of approval from the Panel will drive interest in the use of renewable energy safeguards. Third, the increased and unfettered use of safeguard measures is detrimental to the transition towards sustainable energy sources. Safeguards, Solar Panels: Renewable Energy, Trade War, DS562, Trade and Environment

Viability of renewable energy technologies under the Feed-in Tariff scheme in Hong Kong

Many countries and regions around the world have incorporated renewable energy use for the purpose of achieving resource sustainability, pollution reduction, as well as reducing the carbon footprint. Many cities around the world including Hong Kong have created Feed-in Tariff (FIT) schemes to encourage and provide incentives for renewable energy development. There is thus a need to study the feasibility of using renewable energy under the scheme. Energy generated from two prominent renewable energy technologies ‒ solar PV and wind turbines ‒ are studied for a hypothetical housing development in Hong Kong. To allow for increased knowledge of different types of solar panels and wind turbines that are available in the market, two different types of solar panels – the monocrystalline and amorphous silicon PV ‒ and two different types of wind turbines – the horizontal and vertical wind turbine ‒ are studied. The revenue that can be generated is then calculated based on a power company’s FIT scheme. The payback period required for each type of renewable energy technology development is also determined. The results show that solar panels are feasible for installation within the city, and both solar panels and wind turbines are feasible for installation on outlying islands outside the city such as Cheung Chau.

Rechargeable Batteries for Grid Scale Energy Storage.

Ever-increasing global energy consumption has driven the development of renewable energy technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. Battery energy storage systems (BESS) with high electrochemical performance are critical for enabling renewable yet intermittent sources of energy such as solar and wind. In recent years, numerous new battery technologies have been achieved and showed great potential for grid scale energy storage (GSES) applications. However, their practical applications have been greatly impeded due to the gap between the breakthroughs achieved in research laboratories and the industrial applications. In addition, various complex applications call for different battery performances. Matching of diverse batteries to various applications is required to promote practical energy storage research achievement. This review provides in-depth discussion and comprehensive consideration in the battery research field for GSES. The overall requirements of battery technologies for practical applications with key parameters are systematically analyzed by generating standards and measures for GSES. We also discuss recent progress and existing challenges for some representative battery technologies with great promise for GSES, including metal-ion batteries, lead-acid batteries, molten-salt batteries, alkaline batteries, redox-flow batteries, metal-air batteries, and hydrogen-gas batteries. Moreover, we emphasize the importance of bringing emerging battery technologies from academia to industry. Our perspectives on the future development of batteries for GSES applications are provided.

Environmental performance of Cantabrian (Northern Spain) pelagic fisheries: Assessment of purse seine and minor art fleets under a life cycle approach

The perpetuation of fishing activity from an environmentally, socially and economically sustainable approach is essential to guarantee not only the future of coastal populations, but also the supply of high-value seafood for society and the safeguarding of cultural heritage.This article aims to assess the environmental performance associated with fishing fleet operations in Cantabria (northern Spain) under a life cycle thinking from a holistic approach. Thus, the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology was applied under a ‘cradle-to-port’ approach, setting the functional unit as 1 kg of fresh fish landed. Inventory data on the main inputs and outputs were collected from a sample of 57 vessels covering for the first time the main techniques, purse seine and minor art fisheries.The results identified that the vessel use stage was the responsible of most of the impacts. In line with the literature, diesel consumption stood as the chief hotspot in six of the seven impact categories analysed. Purse seiners got a value of 0.25 kg of fuel per kg of fish landed, while the performance of the minor art fleet showed significantly lower consumption (0.07). Regarding impacts on climate change, this study found a quantity of 1.00 and 0.34 kg CO2 eq. per FU, for purse seine and minor arts, respectively. These figures were consistent with the expected results for pelagic fisheries. For the remaining indicators, purse seiners generally performed worse.The LCA methodology provided outcomes that allow the proposal of potential improvements and measures to foster the transition towards a more sustainable smart-fishing sector. Further research efforts should focus on the development and implementation of renewable energy and low-carbon vessel propulsion technologies.

Bridging Social and Technical Sciences: Introduction of the Societal Embeddedness Level

The successful and fast development and deployment of renewable energy and greenhouse gas reduction technologies is a continuing and structural challenge. The deployment of these technologies is slowed down and sometimes even stalled due to societal challenges like public resistance, lack of appropriate policy and regulations, unsolid business cases and uncertainty concerning the impact on the environment. In this paper we elaborate on societal aspects that influence technology development and deployment and introduce the societal embeddedness level (SEL) framework. Building upon the technology readiness level (TRL), the SEL framework enables the assessment of the current level of societal embeddedness of energy technologies in order to identify the societal aspects which need to be taken into account to accelerate deployment of energy technologies. The SEL framework takes into account four societal dimensions (impact on the environment, stakeholder involvement, policy and regulations, and market and financial resources) and four stages of technology development (exploration, development, demonstration and deployment) that are linked to the TRL. The SEL framework has been elaborated for CCS technologies and is being applied to the monitoring of geological CO2 storage by the ACT II project DigiMon (Digital Monitoring of CO2 storage projects). DigiMon is an ACT second call project, funded by the national funding agencies in the period September 2019–August 2022.