Development Of Renewable Energy Industry Research Articles

Przestrzenny wymiar funkcjonowania i rozwoju energetyki odnawialnej na Ukrainie

Celem pracy jest ocena osiągniętego poziomu rozwoju energetyki odnawialnej na Ukrainie ze szczególnym akcentem na przestrzenny wymiar jej funkcjonowania. W zakresie autorskich dociekań znalazły się m.in. kwestie przestrzennej struktury oszacowanego potencjału technicznego odnawialnych źródeł energii (OZE), zróżnicowania przestrzennego produkcji energii ze źródeł odnawialnych oraz polityki wspierania inwestycji w energetykę odnawialną i popularyzacji wiedzy o OZE na Ukrainie. Materiał do badań pochodzi z ogólnodostępnych raportów analitycznych, roczników i opracowań statystycznych publikowanych przez specjalistyczne agencje rządowe i międzynarodowe oraz instytucje naukowe. Dane źródłowe są analizowane z wykorzystaniem podstawowych narzędzi statystyki opisowej oraz metod analizy przestrzennej. Jak wynika z przeprowadzonych badań, znaczenie OZE w miksie energetycznym Ukrainy jest nadal znikome. Dotyczy to wykorzystania potencjału technicznego, mocy zainstalowanej oraz udziału w strukturze produkcji energii.Rozkład przestrzenny produkcji energii ze źródeł odnawialnych wykazuje znaczące zróżnicowanie, będące konsekwencją zróżnicowania jego potencjału. Istotnym warunkiem dalszego rozwoju energetyki odnawialnej na Ukrainie jest dostępność źródeł finansowania. Niestety, państwowe wsparcie instytucjonalne, w tym finansowe, dla tego typu inwestycji jest bardzo ograniczone tak pod względem skali, formy i miejsca, jak również czasu finansowania.

Determinants of Chinese SMEs’ Entry to ASEAN Renewable Energy Market

ASEAN communities seek such resources as technologies and products from other countries to develop solar energy for sustainable development. In response to that, major renewable-utilization advanced countries including China has introduced funds, technology, and products into ASEAN. Despite the fact that China SMEs have a strong willingness to enter ASEAN solar energy market and ASEAN has demanded to develop the solar energy industry, only a few of them have succeeded in operation in the long-run. Introducing renewable energy technology and products from one place to another or bringing them from laboratory into community is not just a process of capital equipment supply from one firm to another but also includes the transfer of skills and know-how for operating and maintaining technology hardware, and knowledge for understanding this technology so that further independent innovation is possible by recipient. The purpose of this research was to determine the dynamic elements for China SMEs entering into the solar energy market of middle-income ASEAN member states. This participatory research collects data from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data sources include a questionnaire for 408 respondents of whom background across government officials, research personnel and industry, and interviews for 24 of them. Secondary data include reports from the Asian Development Bank, ASEAN Centre for Energy and other related documents from ASEAN governments. Data collected from the questionnaire were firstly analyzed through quantitative way: the value of Mean, Standard Error of Mean, Median, Standard Deviation (Std.) and Variance of each element were calculated. Information collected from interviews were then analyzed through the qualitative way. The results showed that policy environment, level of industrial and economic development, people’s willingness to cooperate, correct policy interpretation, capacity building and the presence of a third-party intermediary agency are the determinants of Chinese SME's successful entry to ASEAN renewable energy market. The mature policy environment of the ASEAN, need of industrial upgrading and sound economic development would facilitate the development of renewable energy industry, meanwhile, the strong willingness to cooperate, correct policy interpretation on preferential policies, well capacity building of both cooperative sides and the presence of a third-party intermediary agency would promote the cooperation between Chinese SMEs and relevant partners of ASEAN and the sustainable operation of Chinese SMEs in ASEAN.

Renewable Energy for Sustainable Growth and Development: An Evaluation of Law and Policy of Bangladesh

Bangladesh’s constant growth with an annual 6% plus Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for more than the last two decades and achievements in other socio-economic metrics in recent times is impressive and recognized by various global authoritative bodies. The extent of overwhelming economic ventures in the private sector coupled with the commitments of the government clearly demonstrates the transformation of the country from a primarily agro-based economy to one influenced by the manufacturing and service sectors. Bangladesh is fortunate to have fossil fuel reserves on a limited scale, though these are not enough to run the ongoing massive scale development activities, both in private and public sectors. Thus, the constant and uninterrupted supply of energy at an affordable price remains a serious concern for the successive governments. Therefore, this issue of supply of constant energy has turned to be an important part in the national development agenda. Besides, the country is one of the worst victim nations of the devastating effects of global warming and climate change. As Bangladesh is geographically located in a favorable place in the world map with the availability of plenty of renewable energy sources (RES), the policymakers started to take initiatives leading to exploiting these sources to meet the energy demand of the country. There are both prospects and administrative, legal, technological, socio-cultural and environmental challenges. To address these challenges, it requires comprehensive policy initiatives. A good number of technical and scientific research containing findings and recommendations are available. This paper, which is based on adopting a qualitative research methodology where the contents of secondary sources were analyzed, is an initial attempt to highlight the renewable energy developments in Bangladesh, and subsequently, to evaluate the relevant legal and policy initiatives in the light of international best practices. We advance several recommendations that the stakeholders can consider exploiting RES effectively to attain inclusive, equitable and sustainable development in Bangladesh. These include, inter alia: (1) Enhancing government participation to lead the development of renewable energy (RE); (2) ensuring localization of RE technology; (3) reducing the expenses of energy generation through RES and providing assistance in initial investments; (4) introducing comprehensive legal and regulatory policy for the development of RE industry in Bangladesh; and (5) conducting effective public awareness.

The driving factors of renewable energy industry development - Based on spatial panel model

Enter the new era, renewable energy is constrained by regional heterogeneity, such as resource distribution, market structure and industrial environment, and its spatial heterogeneity is becoming increasingly prominent. To explore the spatial agglomeration effect of renewable energy development, this paper builds a spatial panel econometric model to explore the driving factors of renewable energy industry development on the basis of analysing the spatial correlation of renewable energy. The results show that the development of the renewable energy industry has path dependence and spatial stability, and there is an industrial agglomeration effect in spatial development. In addition, the emission of exhaust gas is negatively correlated with the development of the renewable energy industry, and the power consumption of renewable energy and the reserve of non-renewable resources will significantly promote the development of renewable energy industry. Meanwhile, government investment in environmental protection is not significantly correlated with the development of renewable energy industry. This study can provide theoretical guidance and practical support for promoting the development of China’s renewable energy industry.

Should China support the development of biomass power generation?

Compared with wind and solar power, biomass power has grown relatively slowly in China. With abundant biomass resources, the development of biomass electric power in China has potential advantages. This paper analyzed the environmental impact of biomass power in the construction and operation stages in comparison with wind and solar power. The results showed that biomass power produced relatively less emissions in the system construction stage at around 1700 ton CO2-e/MW. In the operation stage, biomass power projects achieved an average of 131462 ton CO2-e per year, which is greater than wind and solar power of equal installed capacity. Biomass power plants could achieve net emission reductions in a shorter time (0.39 year) after operation. The life cycle GHG emissions of biomass power projects are between 42 and 85 g CO2-e/kWh. The evidence pointed out that biomass power is worth supporting in China, from the perspective of environmental performance. Local governments should promote the sustainable supply of biomass materials and the development of renewable energy industry should depend on local conditions.

Performance Evaluation on Intellectual Property Rights Policy System of the Renewable Energy in China

With the intensive consumption and price rising of traditional fossil fuels, the development and utilization of renewable energy has attracted worldwide attention. Meanwhile, due to enhanced energy constraints and increasingly grim greenhouse gases, many countries all over the world have been developing renewable energy technologies to promote sustainable growth economically. Intellectual property rights (IPR) policy linked to renewable energy provides institutional guarantee for the development of renewable energy industry and technology. This study works to test the performance of IPR policies of renewable energy industry in China. We employed Cobb-Douglas production function and built on a quantitative policy indicator measurement system over the period from 2004 to 2013 to evaluate the impact of IPR policy of renewable energy industry on innovation and market development in China, which provides an all-round study on the IPR system by clearing up all IPR policy system that is related to the renewable energy industry. The results of Multiple Regression Models indicated that the current IPR policy of renewable energy industry are disconnected from China’s reality because the innovation ability of the renewable energy industry has not been improved rapidly and that both the market transformation ability and market prospect of new energy technology patents are weak.

Analytical Review on the Trends and Present Situation of Large-scale Sustainable Energy Storage Technology

Energy storage technology is to achieve large-scale access to renewable energy sources; the key technology for improving efficiency, safety and economy of power systems is also to increase the ratio of clean energy to power generation, and effective means of promoting haze governance. By the end of 2015, the total installed capacity of the global energy storage equipment was about 167 GW, about 2.9% of the world's total installed power; the energy storage equipment in China is 22.8 GW, about 1.7% of the total installed power of the country. By 2050, China's energy storage equipment will reach 200 GW; the market size will reach more than 2 trillion RMB. The existing energy storage technologies include pumped storage, compressed air energy storage, flywheel energy storage, superconducting storage, lead-acid batteries, lithium batteries, sodium sulfur batteries, liquid flow batteries and super capacitors. Different energy storage technologies are applicable to different applications and fields, depending on system power and discharge time, the main application areas of energy storage technology can be divided into three parts: energy management, power bridging and power quality management. Future energy storage market development will focus on distributed energy storage, distributed photovoltaic PV + energy storage, Micro grid, distribution network side and user side and other fields. In recent years, China's energy storage industry has accelerated the pace of development in terms of project planning, policy support and capacity layout, in the next few years, with the rapid development of renewable energy industry, the energy storage market will also enjoy rapid growth. However, the energy storage industry in this country is still in the initial stage of development, and it is mainly based on demonstration and application, the commercial application of energy storage faces the high cost of storage and the imperfect market of power exchange. Energy storage technology route is not mature, lack of energy storage, effective price and effective incentives are both opportunities and challenges.

Joint Scheduling Optimization of Virtual Power Plants and Equitable Profit Distribution Using Shapely Value Theory

The installation capacity of wind and solar photovoltaic power is continually increasing, which makes renewable energy grid connection and power generation an important link of China’s power structure optimization. A virtual power plant (VPP) is an important way to help distributed energy resource grid connection and promote renewable energy industry development. To study the economic scheduling problem of various distributed energy resources and the profit distribution problem of VPP alliance, this study builds a separate operation scheduling model for individual VPP and a joint operation scheduling model for VPP alliance, as well as the profit distribution model. The case study verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model. The sensitivity analysis provides information about VPP decision-making in accordance with the policy environment development trend.

Neural network model predictive control optimisation for large wind turbines

Energy poverty limits the economy and social development throughout the world. Wind turbine reduces the energy costs and facilitates the development of renewable energy industry, which provides an effective solution to energy crisis and environment pollution and develops rapidly in recently years. In this paper, a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) optimisation model predictive control (MPC) was proposed for large wind turbines. In accordance with the complexity and uncertainty of wind turbine operation, a linear model based on the blade element momentum theory was established and the influencing factors of the proposed model were evaluated. The MPC taking into full account three degrees of freedom control multivariate was enforced by RBFNN prediction model, which meets the requirements of specified operation region. Additionally, the RBFNN prediction model with the memory of complicated rules and changed trend was trained by a great deal of historical data. The RBFNN in combination with MPC solves global optimisation problems and improves the dynamic performance of system. Simulation results for three-bladed 5 MW onshore wind turbine verified the effectiveness of the proposed method and confirmed the fact that the fatigue loads were significantly reduced in the turbine tower.

The Development of the Renewable Energy Power Industry under Feed-In Tariff and Renewable Portfolio Standard: A Case Study of China’s Photovoltaic Power Industry

Among the regulatory policies, feed-in tariffs (FIT) and renewable portfolio standards (RPS) are the most popular to promote the development of renewable energy power industry. They can significantly contribute to the expansion of domestic industrial activities in terms of sustainable energy. In this paper, we synthetically consider various important factors with the analysis of the existing literature, and use system dynamics (SD) to establish models of long-term development of the renewable energy power industry under FIT and RPS schemes. The model not only clearly shows the complex logical relationship between the factors but also reveals the process of coordination between the two policy tools in the development of the renewable energy power industry. In addition, as an example of development of renewable energy industry, the paper studies the development of China’s photovoltaic power industry under different scenarios. The models proposed in this paper can provide a reference for scholars to study development of the renewable energy power industry in different countries, thereby facilitating an understanding of the renewable energy power’s long-term sustainable development pattern under FIT and RPS schemes, and helping to provide references for policy-making institutions. The results show that in the perfect competitive market, the implementation of RPS can promote long-term and rapid development of China’s photovoltaic power industry given the constraints and actions of the mechanisms of RPS quota proportion, the TGC valid period, and fines, compared with FIT. At the end of the paper, policy implications are offered as references for the government.

The politics of renewable energy trade: The US-China solar dispute

The Chinese and US governments played significant roles in the development of renewable energy industries, seeing them as key growth sectors and crucial to addressing climate change. While the US and China cooperated in renewable energy development, since 2011 the countries have engaged in a protracted and major trade dispute in the solar photovoltaics industry. We propose that the US government's decision to impose, and then expand, tariffs on a number of Chinese solar producers can be explained though a model of coalitional politics, drawing on Actor-Centered Institutionalism and the Advocacy Coalition Framework. We show that a coalition of domestic manufacturers and congressional interests formed a protectionist coalition that utilized US trade law to their advantage. In doing so they sidelined a free trade coalition representing the majority of US solar photovoltaic firms. The institutional design of US trade law also facilitated the successful application of trade remedies. Our analysis suggests that the domestic politics of renewable energy trade make trade conflicts a likely outcome, leaving limited scope for policy to carefully manage the trade-off between protecting parts of manufacturing through tariffs and lowering the cost of renewable energy technologies to mitigate climate change.

STATE AND PROSPECTS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN SELECTED COUNTRIES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

The article presents the significance of renewable energy sources in selected countries of the European Community. These include the power of water, geothermal heat, sunlight, wind and biomass. Supporting the development of renewable energy resources has become an important objective of the European Union. Development of renewable energy resources use in the European Union has been given a priority status, both in political declarations as well as, most importantly, in the specific programmes implementation. Development of renewable energy industry is justified by a number of social, economic as well as ecological benefits.

Research on the Fiscal and Taxation Policies to Promote the Development of Renewable Energy

At present, renewable energy industry development need the government’s support of powerful fiscal and taxation incentive policies in China. Many developed countries implement some fiscal and taxation policies to promote renewable energy industry. These policies are good inspiration for China to develop renewable energy industry. According to the status of renewable energy industry development in China, we should emphasis on the four aspects: first is to speed up the research and development of renewable energy technology through the financial investment; the second is to encourage renewable energy production by providing the loan subsidies and investment incentives; the third is to accelerate the product promotion of renewable energy through the government policy of purchasing and consumption subsidy; and the last one is to reduce the relative costs of renewable energy by the implementation of energy and environment taxes.

FORECASTING TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE IMPACTS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY INDUSTRY USING NEURAL NETWORKS

Iowa is a state rich in renewable energy resources, especially biomass. The successful development of renewable energy industry in Iowa is concomitant with increase in freight traffic and is likely to have significant impacts on transportation infrastructure condition and increased maintenance expenses for the state and local governments. The primary goal of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of employing the Neural Networks (NN) methodology to forecast the impacts of Iowa's biofuels and wind power industries on Iowa's secondary and local road condition and maintenance-related costs in a panel data framework. The data for this study were obtained from a number of sources and for a total of 24 counties in clusters in Northern, Western, and Southern Iowa over a period of ten years. Back-Propagation NN (BPNN) using a Quasi-Newton secondorder training algorithm was chosen for this study owing to its very fast convergence properties. Since the size of the training set is relatively small, ensembles of well-trained NNs were formed to achieve significant improvements in generalization performance. The developed NN forecasting models could identify the presence of biofuel plants and wind farms as well as large-truck traffic as the most sensitive inputs influencing pavement condition and granular and blading maintenance costs. Pavement deterioration resulting from traffic loads was found to be associated with the presence of both biofuel plants and wind farms. The developed NN forecasting models can be useful in identifying and properly evaluating future transportation infrastructure impacts resulting from the renewable energy industry development and thus help Iowa maintain its competitive edge in the rapidly developing bioeconomy.

Review of renewable energy investment and financing in China: Status, mode, issues and countermeasures

Abstract With the support of national policies, China's renewable energy generation industry has experienced a rapid development period and entered the world forefront level, especially in the aspects of installed capacity and speed of newly installed capacity. However, with the rapid development of renewable energy, the power generation industry is facing more and more challenges, particularly in investment and financing. As for wind power industry, there are also some problems such as single financing channels, blindness of projects investment and so on, which will result in financing difficulties for some advanced projects. In addition, the problems for the investment of photovoltaic (PV) power generation leads to vicious competition and a tumble in international market, thus the overcapacity of China's entire PV industry emerges. Generally speaking, the renewable energy industry is facing a seemingly contradictory predicament of funding deficiencies and blind investment, which is derived from the government-centered renewable energy investment and financing. This government-centered mode has promoted the development of renewable energy industry in the early stage, but it cannot be adapted to the requirements of sustainable development. In view of these, the problems of renewable energy investment and financing are deeply studied in this paper. This paper proceeds as follows: Firstly, the overview of the development of China's renewable energy industry is briefly introduced. Secondly, the status quo of China's renewable energy investment and financing is explored in detail based on overview of the following five perspectives: investment situation; investment and financing bodies; investment and financing means; sources of funding and financing channels. Secondly, the patterns and characteristics of renewable energy financing are summarized and a comparative analysis of wind power and photovoltaic power generation financing means is carried out. Finally, renewable energy investment and financing issues are discussed and further feasible proposals are put forward. In all, this paper is of great significance in the sustainable and healthy development of China's renewable energy.

The barriers and institutional arrangements of the implementation of renewable portfolio standard: A perspective of China

Abstract Compared to the Feed-in tariff in China, the Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) could not only help to change the driving force of renewable energy industry development, but also provide the renewable energy industry with incentives to achieve the governments' planned goal. This paper first compares the features of RPS of the major industrialized countries. Second the barriers of implementing the Renewable Portfolio Standard in China are analyzed from five aspects. Finally, based on the above analysis, this paper puts forward relative institutional arrangements for the implementation of Renewable Portfolio Standard in China making recommendations for the development of renewable energy industry.

Research of Development Policy for Renewable Energy Industry

The issues of energy and environment were two outstanding problems to control our economical and social sustainable development. Our government focused on the development of renewable energy industry all the time, having taken some positive matching policies in order to promote development and utilization of the renewable energy, which has gained great achievements. But with the consumption increase of oil, gas and coal etc, pressures in the ecological environment protection were becoming larger, and energy saving and emission reduction, green development, development of new energy have become the world's economic development strategies. As for China, there are still many difficulties and problems realizing the sustainable development of renewable energy industry, and we need to take the positive study and learn from foreign advanced experience. In biological energy, water power, wind power and solar energy and some like, we need to establish and perfect the relevant measures, and further make the development of renewable energy industry clear in the position of the national strategies. And improving the more positive policy to encourage to support renewable energy industry development, and earnestly carrying out tax, credit, investment, pricing and subsidies policies, supporting renewable energy industry international standards, promoting new energy resources, saving and replacing the fossil energy are the strategic choices to guarantee energy security, optimize the energy structure, and promote national economic and social sustainable development, and protect the ecological environment responding to climate change, to adjust the industrial structure.

Using Backcasting Methodology in Decision-Making of Biomass Energy Development

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a methodology-Backcasting for policy makers in renewable energy development, with expect to enable the development of an alternative strategy and the facilitation of a more flexible and responsible policy agenda. Take biomass energy domain as a case to explain the application of this methodology, and multiple factors should be taken into account. The study indicates that China’s renewable energy is still in the transition period from research and development to industrial production, and the effective, scientific and timely decision-making from government policy makers is utmost crucial to the healthy development of renewable energy industry in China because it regulates the development path of this innovative industry. It is an innovation to link biomass industry development with urbanization strategy in China rural area in the long run.

The development of Renewable Energy industries in emerging economies: the role of economic, institutional, and socio-cultural contexts in Latin America

This paper is based on a comparative case study that analyses the development of the wind power industry in two Latin American countries. This study helps us understand the influence of the different economic, institutional, and socio-cultural contexts over the start-up of Renewable Energy (RE) businesses. This research identifies the key role that 'informal' institutional factors play. The paper also explains why supporting networks are local/regional. The paper concludes with implications for potential investors in RE projects in emerging economies. Opportunities for further research are identified.

Interaction of Renewable Energy Policy and CO2 Emission Control Policy: Case Study

Cost-effective policy on renewable energy could be made based on information of renewable energy industry development and carbon dioxide control strategy. To analyze the interaction of renewable energy policy with CO2 control strategy, we developed a recursive linear planning model. The year 2004 is set as the base year. The target years are 2015, 2025, 2035, and 2045. Fujian province in China is selected as a case for the study. Calculation results show that in some instances, renewable energy subsidy policy and clean development mechanism incentive could not drive the market as policy makers expected. Careful design is required for renewable energy policy and carbon dioxide control policy, especially for developing countries. This study shows that a recursive linear program could be applied to an integrated study of renewable energy policy and carbon dioxide control policy.