Development Of Protein-energy Malnutrition Research Articles

Malnutrition is an important factor in the development of protein-energy malnutrition in patients on program hemodialysis: yes or no?

The development of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) in patients on program hemodialysis is one of the pressing health problems. However, today there is no single point of view on the mechanisms of development of PEM in this cohort of patients. Purpose. To evaluate the impact of malnutrition in the pathogenesis of PEM in patients receiving treatment with program hemodialysis. Material and methods. The study involved 645 patients receiving treatment with program hemodialysis (300 men and 345 women). Results. Signs of malnutrition were observed in 61 (9.5%) patients, including inadequate protein intake in 27 (4.19%), inadequate energy intake in the diet in 21 (3.26%), inadequate protein intake and inadequate energy intake in the diet – in 13 (2.02%). In patients with inadequate protein intake and inadequate energy supply in the diet, according to the food diary, statistically significantly lower values of the main indicators of nutritional status were revealed compared to the group of patients with adequate protein intake and energy supply in the diet. Conclusion. Malnutrition remains one of the significant factors in the development of PEM in patients on hemodialysis.

Особенности применения и возможности биоимпедансного анализа в нефрологии

The purpose — to determine the features of the body’s biocomposition using bioimpedance analysis in patients with kidney pathology. Material and methods. 39 patients from the Nephrology Department of Republican Clinical Hospital were examined. Among them were patients with acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, chronic glomerulonephritis, and nephropathy of mixed etiology. All patients underwent bioimpedance analysis of body composition using the MEDASS ABC-02 device. The study presents the results of bioimpedance analysis based on different electrical resistance of biological tissues. Bioimpedance analysis allows studying the body composition of patients with different profiles. The possibilities of bioimpedance analysis in nephrology are determined by the assessment of nutritional and volemic status. Results. Approximately half of the patients (47.8%) had an high body mass index. However, when analyzing indicators of fat mass and total body water, it was found that 36.3% of patients had normal to low levels of fat mass, with the increase in total body water being due to fluid overload. Meanwhile, 27.3% with normal body mass index had an increase in fat mass. The lean body mass, reflecting the body’s protein depot, was below normal in 15.2% of patients, which may be associated with nutritional status impairment and the development of protein-energy malnutrition. Conclusion. The study demonstrated the role of bioimpedance analysis in evaluating the volumetric and nutritional status in patients with a nephrological profile.

The role of interleukin-6 in the development of protein-energy deficiency in patients on program hemodialysis

The development of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) in patients on program hemodialysis is one of the significant problems of modern hemodialysis. Despite the relevance of this problem, there is no single point of view on the mechanisms of development of PEM in this cohort of patients. Objective. To assess the change in the level of interleukin-6 (IL6) in the blood of patients on program hemodialysis, and also to study the relationship between the level of IL6 in the blood serum and PEM indicators in this group of patients. Material and methods. The study involved 645 patients receiving treatment with program hemodialysis (300 men and 345 women; mean age – 56.8±12.8 years). All patients underwent a traditional clinical and laboratory examination. Results. In 66% of patients on hemodialysis, a significant increase in the level of IL6 in the blood was detected. Moreover, in patients with signs of PEM, the level of IL6 in the blood was statistically significantly higher compared to patients without signs of PEM. Also, patients with elevated IL6 levels had statistically significantly lower values of total protein, albumin, prealbumin, total cholesterol, transferrin and blood lymphocyte levels compared to patients with normal IL6 levels. Also, patients with elevated IL6 levels had statistically significantly lower values of body mass index, skeletal muscle mass and body fat mass compared to patients with normal IL6 levels. Conclusion. The data obtained suggest that an increase in the level of IL6 in the blood may be an important pathogenetic link in the development of PEM in patients receiving treatment with program hemodialysis.

Genome Editing and Protein Energy Malnutrition.

Protein-energy malnutrition is a state of disordered catabolism resulting from metabolic derangements or starvation. It is associated with chronic disease, hypoglycemia, hypothermia, serious infections, and even an increased prevalence of morbidity and mortality in countries with poor socioeconomic or environmental factors. Adequate food administration is essential to satisfy the main caloric and nutritional demands of humans. The most significant factors seen in the development of protein-energy malnutrition in areas of high incidence, such as underdeveloped countries, are inadequate food and nutrient supplies. It has been well established that one of the strategies to alleviate undernourishment is the biofortification of staple crops. This is because vegetables and plants are significant sources of crucial nutrients for human growth and development. To enhance plant nutrition, recent tactics aim to formulated balanced and diverse diets with acceptable levels ofvitamins and minerals that benefit human health. New advances in plant biotechnology and animal productivity could control key enzymes in several metabolic pathways, enriching important nutrients such as iron and vitamins and decreasing the content of disadvantageous compounds such as acrylamide-forming amino acids and phytic acids. Numerous biofortified crops such as rice, maize, and wheat have been created to resolve the problem of nutrition deficiencies. Some examples of these methodologies are genome editing engineered nucleases, transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases, zinc finger nucleases, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and associated Cas9 endonuclease which have been created and widely studied for their application, efficiency, and specificity.

Characteristics of the metabolic status of children of the first year of life with protein-energy deficiency depending on the gestational age at birth.

Comparative analysis of energy-plastic exchange indicators in mature and premature children of the first year of life in the development of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) was carried out. Unidirectional changes are revealed, including an increase in creatinine, lactate and creatine phosphokinase activity levels, suggesting a n increasing muscle mass deficit against the background of glucose anaerobic oxidation activation. In preterm infants, glucose and triacylglicerine levels decrease, which reflects uncompensated insufficiency of energy substrates and, accordingly, ATP level. Multidirectional deviations in metabolism are pyruvate and ATP content: increase in full-term infants and decrease in preterm infants, that should be taken into account when monitoring condition of children with PEM. A significant decrease of pyruvic acid in preterm infants against the background of the levels of total protein, albumin, hemoglobin, and transferrin, not exceeding reference values, can obviously testify to the active use of this integral metabolite to maintain the fund of substituted amino acids. Development of this pathology in both mature and premature infants creates a pre-morbid background for iron deficiency anemia-diagnostic panel, which should be supplemented by calculation of transferrin saturation coefficient. Regardless of gestational age in childbirth during the formation of PEM, the lipid spectrum is rearranged according to atherogenic type: at normal values of total cholesterol, there is a significant increase in low and very low density lipoproteins with an increase in the atherogenicity coefficient. This singles out children with the pathology in question as a risk group for the development of the atherosclerotic process later, which justifies the recommendation to control the lipid profile in children of the first year of life.

Effect of protein composite dry mixture on protein metabolism of patients with esophageal cancer

Esophageal cancer is among five most aggressive tumors in terms of course and prognosis of the disease. The patients who underwent extensive surgery have the risk of malnutrition due to starvation, stress and subsequent occurrence of metabolic disorders. Lack of protein in the body leads to weight loss due to the collapse of muscles and causes development ofprotein-energy malnutrition. One type of insufficient nutrition correction is a diet therapy by modified products. The use of protein composite dry mixture leads to correction of protein deficiency.

English

CONTEXT: Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) is a widespread problem in developing countries and 60-70% of them suffer from mild to moderate type. AIMS, SETTING AND DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study in Hoskote Rural Health Centre area of Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre conducted a) to assess nutritional and health status of the anganwadi children and b) to determine factors contributing to protein energy malnutrition. METHODS AND MATERIAL: 268 children under five years of age formed the study group. Interview of the mothers, clinical and anthropometric measurements of the children was conducted. RESULTS: 63.8% of the children were undernourished according to IAP classification. Multivariate analysis revealed that birth weight and anemia were significant risk factors for development of protein energy malnutrition (Odds Ratio 1.4 and 2.5 respectively). Only 26.9% of these children had received colostrum. 13.8% had received exclusive breast feeding for six months. Complementary feeding was initiated either too early ( 7months) in 39.9% of the children. 66.7% of the children were completely immunized. During the study 30.2% of the children suffered from illnesses, acute respiratory infections 57(21.3%), diarrhea 10(3.7%) and 14 (5.2%) had viral fever, fits or acute suppurative otitis media. CONCLUSIONS: a) antenatal nutrition to be improved to prevent low birth weight b) nutrition education for mothers to prevent anemia in children c) advocacy for breast feeding and appropriate complementary feeding practices by all health functionaries and anganwadi workers d) nutrition and health education should be given for mothers

Affect of serum leptin on nutritional status inrenal disease

<h2>Abstract</h2> Protein-energy malnutrition is a major comorbid condition in persons with renal disease. A variety of interventions have been implemented to supplement protein and energy intake in malnourished patients with renal disease, but the prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition remains high. Leptin, a hormone secreted by adipose tissue, decreases food intake via neuroendocrine systems in the hypothalamus in persons with normal renal function. Serum leptin levels are elevated in patients with chronic renal insufficiency and end-stage renal disease, and experimental evidence suggests a possible role for leptin in the development of protein-energy malnutrition in this population. Release of leptin from adipocytes may be stimulated by cytokines mediating the inflammatory response, which is frequently pronounced in patients with end-stage renal disease receiving hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. This article provides an overview of research conducted on serum leptin levels in different stages of renal disease, and the relationship among serum leptin, body composition, biochemical indexes, and markers of inflammation in persons with end-stage renal disease. Effects of intradialytic parenteral nutrition and anabolic factors on leptin levels and nutritional status are briefly reviewed. <i>J Am Diet Assoc. 2002;102:1119-1125.</i>

Role of the systemic inflammatory response in the development of protein-energy malnutrition in inflammatory bowel disease.

Role of the systemic inflammatory response in the development of protein-energy malnutrition in inflammatory bowel disease.

Protein-energy malnutrition in older subjects.

The concept of old age is not a new one. Many of the ancient Greek philosophers lived long and full lives, e.g. Isocrates 98 years, Sophocles 91 years, Plat0 8 1 years. The bible refers to the extreme longevity of personages such as Methusaleh. What is new is the greying of populations as opposed to the successful ageing of a few individuals. By the year 2000, approximately two-thirds of the elderly in the world will live in developing countries, e.g. 300 million in China and 170 million in India. By the year 2030, the percentage of older individuals in the population of most developed nations will be approaching 20 %. Individuals over the age of 65 years are faced by a number of challenges that increase the chance of them developing protein-energy malnutrition. These challenges include difficulty in shopping (1 1 %), in preparing meals (7 %), inability to self-feed (27 %), poverty (15 %), social isolation (30 %), impaired mobility (87 %), visual deficits (8 %), dental problems (16 %), and difficulty in chewing (35 %). As will be further explored later in the present article (pp. 588-589), the development of protein-energy malnutrition is directly responsible for a number of disease processes and functional impairment in old age. Protein-nergy malnutrition is a major problem in older subjects. While estimates of its prevalence vary, it has been reported to be present to some degree in 15 % of community-dwelling older subjects (Morley et al. 1989). Severe protein-energy malnutrition occurs in 10-38 % of older outpatients (Miller et al. 1990; Wallace et al. 1995; Wilson et al. 1998), 5-12 % of homebound patients (Morley, 1997), 26-65 % of hospitalized patients (Linn & Jensen, 1984; Morley et aE. 1989) and 5-85 % of institutionalized older subjects (Sandman et al. 1987; Johnson et al. 1993; Silver et al. 1993; Morley & Silver, 1995). While proteinenergy malnutrition is extremely common in older subjects, its presence is rarely recognized by physicians, and even when recognized, it is even more rarely treated (Miller et al. 1990; Wilson et al. 1998). The physiological anorexia of ageing

Malaria: nutritional implications.

Epidemiologic and immunologic factors determine the impact of malaria on the demography and economics of human communities. Where malaria is epidemiologically stable, its effects are most obvious in young children; adults, because of acquired immunity, are much less affected and remain an economically viable workforce. Where the disease is unstable, it affects all age groups and may incapacitate adults enough to impede food production seriously. Three areas are identified in which malaria may adversely affect host nutrition: low birth weight, the development of protein energy malnutrition, and the pathogenesis of anemia. The influence of host nutrition on malarial infections is considered. The view is expressed that, although deficiencies of some dietary factors may potentiate the resistance to malaria conferred by some genetic traits, there is as yet little convincing evidence that malnutritional states in humans materially enhance the severity or lethality of plasmodial infections.