Development Process Research Articles

Developing a compassionate university: Insights from a longitudinal process evaluation.

Compassionate communities are gaining momentum as a new public health approach emphasizing community support during times of serious illness, death, and bereavement. However, evidence on their development, particularly in higher education, is limited. This study investigates the development of a Compassionate University, examining the underlying processes and contextual factors shaping its development. A longitudinal process evaluation was conducted, using field notes right-now surveys, individual interviews, focus groups, and strategic learning debriefs. Factors that facilitated the development process included leadership support, the establishment of the Compassionate Schools Learning Network, and alignment with existing university programs. Barriers were the lack of guiding examples, the fragmented university environment, resource constraints, and limited prioritization. Cognitive and social processes that supported the work involved recognizing the value of Compassionate University and adapting implementation strategies based on empirical feedback. However, challenges such as building coherence, engaging stakeholders, and assessing the work hampered the development process.

An Instructional Module for Functional Dissociative Seizures (FDS) in Hindi: Enhancing Communication and Management in India.

Functional dissociative seizures (FDS) are very common in neurology clinics, they straddle both neurology and psychiatry. In India, scarce resources and guidelines are available for effectively conveying their diagnosis and management, which leads to a substantial gap in care. We aimed to provide an instructional module for FDS, tailored to clinicians, patients, and caregivers in Hindi, to enhance communication of diagnosis and facilitate suitable management strategies. The instructional module development process was based on clinical settings and expert opinions. A standard translation process was performed to ensure the linguistic and cultural equivalence. Validation was carried out by a panel of 15 validators, comprising 13 neurologists and two psychiatrists, to identify key psychoeducation components and their significance. They were provided a questionnaire consisting of five questions that were related to completeness, understandability, legibility, clarification, and usefulness of educational material for clinicians, patients, and caregivers. Items were rated using a 5-point Likert scale. There was agreement on four items (Q1, Q3, Q4, and Q5), whereas approximately 85% of the validators agreed on the remaining one item (Q2). The instructional module demonstrated high content validity as indicated by both item level-content validity index (0.98) and scale-level content validity index (0.97), alongside content validity ratio and modified kappa statistics. The developed Hindi instructional module for FDS serves as a valuable tool to enhance the communication of FDS diagnosis and dispel misconceptions. This offers a comprehensive resource for clinicians, patients, and caregivers in India, potentially bridging gap in FDS care.

Exploring the Meta-debrief: Developing a Toolbox for Debriefing the Debrief.

Otherwise known as debriefing the debrief, meta-debriefing describes the practice of debriefing simulation facilitators after they have facilitated, or observed, a debriefing. It is a vital component of enhancing debriefing skills, irrespective of where debriefers may be in terms of their professional development journey from novice to expert. We present the following 4 fundamental pillars, which underpin the creation of an impactful meta-debriefing strategy: theoretically driven, psychologically safe, context dependent, and formative in function. Furthermore, we describe various strategies that, underpinned by these 4 key pillars, contribute to a toolbox of techniques that enable meta-debriefers to develop proficiency and flexibility in their practice. We have synthesized and critically reviewed the current evidence base, derived mostly from the debriefing literature, and highlighted gaps to address in meta-debriefing contexts. We hope this article stimulates discussion among simulation practitioners, progresses the science and art of meta-debriefing, and prompts further research so that meta-debriefing can become an integral evidence-based component of our faculty development processes.

The Development of Interactive Learning Media for Islamic Religious Education in Elementary Schools in Indonesia

In today’s digital era, conventional teaching methods often fail to captivate students, making interactive media a promising solution. Interactive media combines visual, audio, and participatory elements, providing a more engaging and effective learning experience. The development process includes analyzing student needs and curriculum, selecting appropriate technology, creating interactive content, conducting trials, and evaluating effectiveness. This study uses a qualitative approach. Primary data sources in qualitative research are the words of the interview results obtained from primary data including respondents from teachers and students in SDMT Ponorogo. Data collection is carried out by means of snowball sampling. The data collection technique in this study is through observation, in-depth interviews and documentation. The data obtained during the study, both primary and secondary data are then processed and analyzed using Miles and Huberman model. The validity test of data in qualitative research includes tests, credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. The article highlights the benefits of interactive media, including increased student motivation, improved understanding of abstract religious concepts, and the development of critical thinking skills. This approach not only modernizes religious education but also ensures that students remain interested and actively involved in learning. Through proper testing and implementation, interactive media can significantly enhance the quality of Islamic Religious Education at SDMT Ponorogo. The developed media, which consists of animated videos, interactive quizzes, and educational games, is able to make the learning process more engaging and increase student engagement.

Predictive Processing, Rational Constructivism, and Bayesian Models of Development: Commentary.

This is a commentary for a special issue on predictive processing and rational constructivist models of development. Mainly I use the opportunity to ask a bunch of questions about what these theoretical frameworks show us (and what they do not) and mostly where the open questions still are. To get meta for a moment, I thought these questions were the best way to maximize the value of my commentary: They have the highest probability of leading to the most uncertainty reduction for our field in the long term. Please read in thatspirit.

Model-driven development for functional correctness of avionics systems: a verification framework for SysML specifications

AbstractCurrently, the most widespread software quality assurance methods in the avionics domain are semi-automated reviews and testing. However, their effort grows disproportionately to the size of the system under development. Also, these methods cannot achieve exhaustive coverage due to the complexity of today’s avionics systems and their potentially infinite set of combinations of possible inputs and system states. Furthermore, the later software issues are detected in the development process, the more expensive it is to fix them. To overcome these issues, a model-driven verification approach for modeling and analyzing avionics systems in early phases of the development is presented. To this end, semantics is given to SysML v2 models by a mapping to a theorem prover encoding. The development of a dedicated SysML v2 profile supporting event-driven data flow specifications, the encoding of corresponding structures in the theorem prover Isabelle, and a generator creating theorems from SysML v2 models are presented. The approach is evaluated by formally proving a representative liveness property of a hierarchical system model from the avionics domain. Since liveness properties can be negated only by infinite data sequences and thus cannot be covered exhaustively by testing, this case study demonstrates the added value for meeting typical safety requirements in the avionics domain. The results can be transferred from avionics to other domains, as well.

A Culturally Sensitive Mobile App (DiaFriend) to Improve Self-Care in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Development Study.

Mobile apps designed with cultural sensitivity have demonstrated higher user acceptability and greater effectiveness in enhancing self-care skills. However, a significant gap exists in developing such apps for specific populations, such as Portuguese Americans living in southern Massachusetts, home to the second-largest Portuguese community in the United States. This group possesses unique cultural traditions, particularly in dietary practices, including a tendency toward high carbohydrate intake. Tailoring diabetes self-care apps to address these specific cultural requirements could substantially improve diabetes management within this population. The aim of this app development project was to develop a prototype diabetes management app for Portuguese Americans with type 2 diabetes mellitus using the design thinking methodology, incorporating user-centered design principles and cultural sensitivity. This paper describes the phase-2 results, focusing on app design and development. Phase 2 of this app development project adhered to the design thinking methodology delineated by the Hasso Plattner Institute of Design at Stanford University, focusing on 2 critical steps: ideation and prototyping. This phase started in March 2022 and continued until April 2024. The project was driven by a multidisciplinary team consisting of 2 nurse educators; an app development specialist; and 2 graduate research assistants from the university's Computer and Information Sciences Department, both well-versed in mobile app development. Data collected during phase 1, which will be published separately, informed the app design and development process. The prototype of the DiaFriend app (version 1) was designed and developed. The app comprises five features: (1) blood glucose monitoring, (2) weight tracking, (3) carbohydrate tracking, (4) exercise log, and (5) medication reminder. The carbohydrate tracking feature was explicitly tailored to correspond to Portuguese food culture. This paper presents the front-end interface flowchart, demonstrating how the user navigates through each screen. It also discusses the challenges faced during the backend development, such as data not being able to be stored and retrieved. The DiaFriend app (version 1) distinguishes itself from conventional diabetes self-care apps through its emphasis on cultural sensitivity. The development of this app underscores the importance of cultural considerations in health informatics. It establishes a foundation for future research in developing and evaluating culturally sensitive mobile health apps. The adaptation of such technologies has the potential to enhance self-care practices among Portuguese Americans with type 2 diabetes mellitus, with improved glycated hemoglobin levels as a potential outcome. The last step of the design thinking methodology, testing the app, will be conducted in phase 3 and the results will be published elsewhere.

Peran Operator Sekolah dalam Peningkatan Pelayanan Publik di Era Digital di SD Negeri 6 Watampone Kabupaten Bone

This research discusses the role of school operators in enhancing the effectiveness of public services in the digital era at SD Negeri 6 Watampone, Bone Regency. The research method used is qualitative. This study aims to understand the role of school operators in improving public services at SD Negeri 6 Watampone. The approach taken is a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques including interviews and observations. The results of the study show that the role of school operators in the effectiveness of public services in the digital era at SD Negeri 6 Watampone, Bone Regency, can be observed through their performance in carrying out their duties as school operators. School operators handle educational administrative activities at SD Negeri 6 Watampone, starting from student administration, curriculum administration, teacher and staff administration, to facility and infrastructure administration. In terms of management, school operators meet the requirements through recruitment, followed by training and development processes. The development of the school operator’s performance focuses on their main duties in the area of educational administration at SD Negeri 6 Watampone. Additionally, school operators are granted data access rights related to SD Negeri 6 Watampone. Furthermore, the services provided by the school operators have been adequately fulfilled, as evidenced by their performance. Despite facing unexpected and undesired obstacles, the school operators were able to overcome these challenges and deliver good results.

Reformulating action research to facilitate territorial responses to climate change

This article serves as an introduction to the special issue by presenting the results of a learning process shared by action researchers coming from different action research traditions and geographical areas. The goal of this learning process has been to generate explicit criteria and features that action researchers can integrate in their facilitative work in territorial development processes to make these development processes more effective in facing climate change. These criteria relate to the roots of climate change, justice, innovative ways to understand democracy and governance, the contribution of feminism to climate change and the role of emotions when facing it. These reflections and learnings are synthesized into twelve principles for action research for territorial development (ARTD).

Development and workflow of a separation process for optimum design: A case of phenylenediamine

AbstractAn industrial project based upon the multi‐scale objective‐oriented process development (MOPD) method for developing an optimum process for separating phenylenediamine (PDA) isomers was executed. This article reports the first four (4) steps of that project. In the first step, the solution for this separation problem was conceptualized. It is a distillation‐crystallization‐hybrid process. The second step is to validate the concept experimentally from the thermodynamic point of view followed by kinetic considerations. It was found that a 2‐stage crystallization is required to purify the main product isomers to the desirable specification that is higher than 99.5 mol%. A heat and material balance model was then constructed for analyzing and optimizing various design variables, also used to understand the operability of the process. Finally, with proper HAZOP analysis and detailed engineering, the pilot unit was designed. Throughout the project, all exercises and efforts are well focused with clear objectives, hence there are minimum detours on the execution; furthermore, the clear objectives enhanced the communications among various disciplines tremendously. It is a valuable asset for senior management in the allocation of resources and budgets.

MetaCGRP is a high-precision meta-model for large-scale identification of CGRP inhibitors using multi-view information.

Migraine is considered one of the debilitating primary headache conditions with an estimated worldwide occurrence of approximately 14-15%, contributing highly to factors responsible for global disability. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neuropeptide that plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of migraines and thus, its inhibition can help relieve migraine symptoms. However, conventional process of CGRP drug development has been laborious and time-consuming with incurred costs exceeding one billion dollars. On the other hand, machine learning (ML)-based approaches that are capable of accurately identifying CGRP inhibitors could greatly facilitate in expediting the discovery of novel CGRP drugs. Therefore, this study proposes a novel and high-accuracy meta-model, namely MetaCGRP, that can precisely identify CGRP inhibitors. To the best of our knowledge, MetaCGRP is the first SMILES-based approach that has been developed to identify CGRP inhibitors without the use of 3D structural information. In brief, we initially employed different molecular representation methods coupled with popular ML algorithms to construct a pool of baseline models. Then, all baseline models were optimized and used to generate multi-view features. Finally, we employed the feature selection method to optimize the multi-view features and determine the best feature subset to enable the construction of the meta-model. Both cross-validation and independent tests indicated that MetaCGRP clearly outperforms several conventional ML classifiers, with accuracies of 0.898 and 0.799 on the training and independent test datasets, respectively. In addition, MetaCGRP in conjunction with molecular docking was utilized to identify five potential natural product candidates from Thai herbal pharmacopoeia and analyze their binding affinity and interactions to CGRP. To facilitate community-wide efforts in expediting the discovery of novel CGRP inhibitors, a user-friendly web server for MetaCGRP is freely available at https://pmlabqsar.pythonanywhere.com/MetaCGRP .

Impact of International Law Fragmentation on the Development of Integration Processes

This article analyzes the relationship between the phenomenon of fragmentation of international law and integration processes aimed the modern global transformations. Various approaches to understanding the fragmentation of international law are considered, including its causes, forms, and consequences. The article examines how fragmentation impacts the functioning of international integration entities, the development of interstate relations, and the effectiveness of international legal regulation. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of fragmentation as a conducive factor for the advancement of international integration and the establishment of specialized legal regimes within integration associations. Consequently, the degree of fragmentation in international law within established regions correlates with the level and depth of integration. In the current context, the fragmentation serves as a favorable element for participating states in fostering their integration interactions. In addition, international law functions as a crucial instrument for regulating these integration processes. The methodological foundation of this article comprises well-established general and specific methods of scientific research. The article’s purpose and objectives are to investigate the degree of influence and the nature of the interaction between the fragmentation of international law and modern international integration processes.

A Geodatabase Design for the Development of a Digital Twin for Urban Environments: A Case Study from Turin, Italy

Abstract. 3D City models are essential for urban planning, accurately visualizing, analyzing, and simulating urban environments. They find applications in various fields like AEC (Architecture and Construction), urban and transportation planning, development and conservation processes, energy systems monitoring, and many more. Extensive datasets for the 3D City Models need to be organized following international standards to make them reusable and sharable for different stakeholders. Designing a Geodatabase (GeoDB) for a 3D city model is crucial for data management as it is helpful in the streamlined visualization and analysis of the city's features and relations among its objects. Over the years, 3D city models have evolved into Urban Digital Twins, offering dynamic real-time simulations of cities and even better management and analysis of urban processes. This transition from 3D city models to UDTs enhances decision-making by providing detailed insights into the dynamics of urban systems, enabling better urban management and planning. This research concentrates on building a GeoDB to support the UDT. The paper discusses the data acquisition, processing, and integration methodologies.Additionally, it highlights the significance of utilizing advanced remote sensing technologies such as aerial LiDAR and aerial photogrammetry to enhance the digital twin’s quality and richness in detail. The semantics of the built environment datasets are clarified and strictly defined for the most important UDT features, such as buildings, roads, trees, and other features. This will ensure everyone can interpret the data similarly, leading to better analysis and decision-making.

Implementasi Kegiatan Ekstrakurikuler Seni Kaligrafi dalam Mengembangkan Spatial Intellegence

The purpose of this research is to examine the implementation of the calligraphy extracurricular activity at MI Khurriyatul Fikri Pasuruhan Lor Kudus. This study employs a descriptive qualitative research approach, and, in line with the object of study, it is a field research. The focus is on the application of spiritual and tafakkur methods in the learning process. The subjects of the research are the students participating in the calligraphy extracurricular activity and the guiding teachers involved in the program. The first step in this research is to identify the role of spiritual and tafakkur methods in the calligraphy learning process. Subsequently, field observations are conducted to directly observe the implementation of these methods, along with interviews with teachers and students to explore their perceptions of the impact of the spiritual and tafakkur methods on the creative process and character development of the students. The data collected is analyzed descriptively, focusing on the impact of both methods on students' visual-spatial intelligence, emotional intelligence, and religious character development. The research results indicate that the spiritual method applied in the calligraphy extracurricular activity helps students to perceive each artwork as a form of worship and an expression of love for Islamic teachings. Meanwhile, the tafakkur method encourages students to think deeply and reflectively, so they not only focus on the aesthetics of the artwork but also understand the religious and philosophical values embedded within. The conclusion of this research is that the implementation of spiritual and tafakkur methods in the calligraphy extracurricular activity has a positive impact on the development of students' religious character, emotional intelligence, and reflective abilities. Furthermore, this method also proves to enhance students' visual-spatial intelligence, in line with the basic principles of calligraphy art, which demand precision and deep contemplation. This study recommends that similar approaches be more widely implemented in other Islamic educational institutions to integrate art education with the spiritual development of students.

Developing Electronic School Report (E-Rapor) for Strengthening the Profile of Pancasila Students

The research aims to develop an electronic school report (e-report/e-rapor) to assess the achievement of competencies profiling Pancasila students. The development of this e-report facilitated the needs of schools that did not have an assessment system for the implementation of the Enhancing Pancasila Student Profiles Project (EP4). The e-report was developed in accordance with the Decision Letter of the Education Standards, Curriculum, and Assessment Agency (BSKAP) number 009. The development of this e-report used the development method approach, commonly known as Research and Development (R&D). To test the feasibility of the developed e-report, it was evaluated based on two aspects: content validity and effectiveness. The respondents in this research were 30 teachers and/or school principals. The data analysis technique for analyzing data from the interactive e-report development process was descriptive to explain the process and the effectiveness for the product. The results of the e-report validity on the accuracy of dimensions and elements were as follows: 54% very accurate, 40% accurate, and 6% fairly accurate. Meanwhile, the accuracy of the assessment was 54% very accurate, 43% accurate, and 3% fairly accurate. The accuracy of other components was 57% very accurate, 37% accurate, and 6% fairly accurate. The e-report effectiveness on ease of use was as follows: 50% very easy, 47% easy, and 3% fairly easy. Then, the e-report attractiveness was 43% very attractive, 47% attractive, and 10% fairly attractive. The conformity of appearance with the EP4 concept was 60% very suitable, 34% suitable, and 6% fairly suitable. As a result, the e-report was recommended in assessing the implementation of EP4.

Developmental patterns of athletic performance and physical fitness in youth baseball players: A longitudinal analysis.

This study aimed to evaluate developmental patterns in athletic performance during youth and determine their association with changes in physical fitness. The testing included three athletic performance (i.e. ball speed in pitching, swing velocity in batting, 30-metre sprint time) and two physical fitness tests (i.e. medicine ball [MB] back throw and modified star excursion balance test [SEBT]). Data from 235 players (557 measurements) aged 6 to 14 were eligible for a longitudinal evaluation. The statistical analysis was based on the latent growth curve models of the athletic performance development process and the random-effect panel data multivariate regression analysis for ball speed, swing velocity, and 30-metre sprint time. The 30-metre sprint time showed a small curvature but an accelerated increase around 12‒13 years old. However, the ball speed, swing velocity, and modified SEBT demonstrated a slower or less accelerated change in the developmental pattern starting around 12‒13 years old. Multivariate longitudinal analysis revealed that developmental change in athletic performance was positively associated with age and MB back throw. Our findings highlight the developmental patterns of athletic performance associated with baseball exhibiting stagnation as well as acceleration, which may help develop effective age-appropriate strategies for improving performance in youth baseball players.

The Molecular Mechanism of Embryonic Development in Decapod Crustaceans

ABSTRACTIn recent decades, the decapod aquaculture industry has grown significantly in many parts of the world. Despite this progress, production levels still fall short of market demands, indicating a need for further efforts to increase the production. Investigations into the molecular mechanisms underlying embryonic development in decapods provide valuable insights into the complex embryonic development processes of this economically and ecologically important animal group. In this review, we explore the molecular mechanisms underlying decapod embryonic development, focusing on key genes, signaling pathways, and microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in the embryogenesis. Numerous genes have been identified that regulate various aspects of embryogenesis including egg activation, maternal‐to‐zygotic transition (MZT), mesoderm development, segmentation, nervous system development, sex determination, germline development, and exoskeleton formation. We also discuss the pivotal role of signaling pathways such as Hedgehog, Wnt, Notch, MAPK, TGF‐β, Jak‐STAT, VEGF, and Ecdysteroid in the regulation of embryogenesis. Additionally, this review identifies current research gaps in decapod embryogenesis and proposes directions for future investigation. This review is anticipated to be especially beneficial for researchers delving into the molecular mechanisms driving embryonic development in decapods.

The influence of virtual community platform attributes on Chinese luxury consumers’ purchase intention: The role of policy innovation in digital infrastructure

This research examines the influence of virtual community platform attributes on luxury consumers’ purchase intentions, with a specific focus on the role of policy innovation in digital infrastructure. The study aims to 1) identify key factors affecting purchase intentions toward luxury products in virtual environments; 2) develop and validate a structural equation model to analyze these intentions; and 3) provide actionable insights for luxury goods marketers to refine their strategies within these platforms. Utilizing a structural equation model, the study investigates the interactions among various determinants of consumer behavior in virtual communities, highlighting the impact of policy innovation. Data was collected through purposive sampling from 1142 respondents in China’s top 10 high-spending cities on luxury goods, ensuring data relevance. The findings emphasize the significance of knowledge sharing, interactive communication, and leaders’ opinions in virtual communities in building consumer trust and shaping perceptions of online reviews. These elements influence purchase intentions directly and indirectly, with consumer trust serving as a crucial mediator. The study reveals the substantial impact of virtual community attributes on fostering consumer trust and shaping buying decisions for luxury items, underlining the contribution of social development processes. Moreover, the role of policy innovation is found to be significant in enhancing these virtual community dynamics, suggesting that regulatory changes can positively influence consumer engagement and trust. The conclusions offer valuable implications for marketers, proposing strategies to boost consumer engagement and drive sales in virtual settings. This research contributes to the theoretical understanding of digital consumer behavior and provides practical strategies for innovation and growth within the luxury goods sector, emphasizing the critical role of policy innovation in shaping these dynamics.

Biofuser: a multi-source data fusion platform for fusing the data of fermentation process devices

In the past decade, the progress of traditional bioprocess optimization technique has lagged far behind the rapid development of synthetic biology, which has hindered the industrialization process of synthetic biology achievements. Recently, more and more advanced equipment and sensors have been applied for bioprocess online inspection to improve the understanding and optimization efficiency of the process. This has resulted in large amounts of process data from various sources with different communication protocols and data formats, requiring the development of techniques for integration and fusion of these heterogeneous data. Here we describe a multi-source fusion platform (Biofuser) that is designed to collect and process multi-source heterogeneous data. Biofuser integrates various data to a unique format that facilitates data visualization, further analysis, model construction, and automatic process control. Moreover, Biofuser also provides additional APIs that support machine learning or deep learning using the integrated data. We illustrate the application of Biofuser with a case study on riboflavin fermentation process development, demonstrating its ability in device faulty identification, critical process factor identification, and bioprocess prediction. Biofuser has the potential to significantly enhance the development of fermentation optimization techniques and is expected to become an important infrastructure for artificial intelligent integration into bioprocess optimization, thereby promoting the development of intelligent biomanufacturing.

Ethylene Oxide: A Catalyst and Process Development Success Story

Ethylene Oxide: A Catalyst and Process Development Success Story