Development Process Research Articles

LncRNA HOTAIR and Cardiovascular diseases.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) a major contributor to global mortality rates, with a steadily rising prevalence observed across the world. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie the signaling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of CVDs represents a salient and advantageous avenue toward the development of precision and targeted therapeutics. A recent development in CVDs research is the discovery of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are now understood to have crucial roles in the onset and development of several pathophysiological processes. The distinct expression patterns exhibited by lncRNAs in various CVDs contexts, present a significant opportunity for their utilization as both biomarkers and targets for therapeutic intervention. Among the various identified lncRNAs, HOX antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) functions as signaling molecules that are significantly implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders in response to risk factors. HOTAIR has been observed to circulate within the bloodstream and possesses an integral epigenetic regulatory function in the transcriptional pathways of many diseases. Recent studies have suggested that HOTAIR offers promise as a biomarker for the detection and treatment of CVDs. The investigation on HOTAIR's role in CVDs, however, is still in its early phases. The goal of the current study is to give a thorough overview of recent developments in the field of analyzing the molecular mechanism of HOTAIR in controlling the pathophysiological processes of CVDs as well as its possible therapeutic uses.

Regulating AI in Mental Health: Ethics of Care Perspective

This article contends that the responsible artificial intelligence (AI) approach—which is the dominant ethics approach ruling most regulatory and ethical guidance—falls short because it overlooks the impact of AI on human relationships. Focusing only on responsible AI principles reinforces a narrow concept of accountability and responsibility of companies developing AI. This article proposes that applying the ethics of care approach to AI regulation can offer a more comprehensive regulatory and ethical framework that addresses AI’s impact on human relationships. This dual approach is essential for the effective regulation of AI in the domain of mental health care. The article delves into the emergence of the new “therapeutic” area facilitated by AI-based bots, which operate without a therapist. The article highlights the difficulties involved, mainly the absence of a defined duty of care toward users, and shows how implementing ethics of care can establish clear responsibilities for developers. It also sheds light on the potential for emotional manipulation and the risks involved. In conclusion, the article proposes a series of considerations grounded in the ethics of care for the developmental process of AI-powered therapeutic tools.

Development and validation of the infodemic scale

ABSTRACT Infodemic is closely related to all healthcare professionals. Nurses take the lead in health professions that spend a long time with the society and try to present accurate information due to their roles. Infodemic is the massive spread of false or unreliable information in times of crisis. This study aims to develop a valid and reliable tool that identifies individuals’ approaches to infodemic. This study was methodological. The sample consisted of 504 people (N = 504). Data were collected using the Information Form and the Infodemic Scale. The sample was divided into two for the explanatory factor analysis (EFA) and the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The scale was developed using the scale development process in health and social research, which consists of three steps. The EFA revealed 14 items under two factors, which are awareness and literacy. Item factor loadings were found to range between 0.334 and 0.907. The CFA confirmed the two-factor scale structure. The total Cronbach’s alpha of the scale was 0.87, and the composite reliability value was 0.89. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) value was found to be 0.857. According to psychometric evaluations, the Infodemic Scale is a valid and reliable instrument that can make consistent measurements.

AUTOSAR-Compatible Level-4 Virtual ECU for the Verification of the Target Binary for Cloud-Native Development

The rapid evolution of automotive software necessitates efficient and accurate development and verification processes. This study proposes a virtual electronic control unit (vECU) that allows for precise software testing without the need for hardware, thereby reducing developmental costs and enabling cloud-native development. The software was configured and built on a Hyundai Autoever AUTomotive Open System Architecture (AUTOSAR) classic platform, Mobilgene, and Renode was used for high-fidelity emulations. Custom peripherals in C# were implemented for the FlexTimer, system clock generator, and analog-to-digital converter to ensure the proper functionality of the vECU. Renode’s GNU debugger server function facilitates detailed software debugging in a cloud environment, further accelerating the developmental cycle. Additionally, automated testing was implemented using a vECU tester to enable the verification of the vECU. Performance evaluations demonstrated that the vECU’s execution order and timing of tasks and runnable entities closely matched those of the actual ECU. The vECU tester also enabled fast and accurate verification. These findings confirm the potential of the AUTOSAR-compatible Level-4 vECU to replace hardware in development processes. Future efforts will focus on extending capabilities to emulate a broader range of hardware components and complex system integration scenarios, supporting more diverse research and development efforts.

Integration of Business Unit Financial Reporting Systems in Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes)

BUMDes is a village government-owned business institution established in an effort to strengthen the village economy, based on the needs and potential of the village concerned. In its operations, BUMDes can have various business units with autonomous management in one business entity. Each business unit makes its own financial report according to the type of business it runs. The resulting financial report will be submitted to the head office for merger and consolidation. Although each business unit has a different type of business, the process and provisions for preparing financial reports in each business unit are the same, because they are regulated in government regulations. The only differences are related to operational reporting and components/account names in the financial report. To improve the ease of preparation and accountability of its financial reports, the existence of an integrated accounting information system is a must. As an initial step, a design process is carried out which will be used as the basis or technical reference for the development process. The design process is carried out with an object-oriented approach, with the results in the form of classes/components and interactions between them which are the foundation of the system building. This will facilitate the development process and this integrated system can then be built/developed in stages according to the development/addition of business units from BUMDes.

Early engagement will be necessary for atmospheric methane removal field trials

Abstract Atmospheric methane removal (AMR) refers to a suite of emerging technologies and practices that destroy atmospheric methane. There is growing interest in AMR field trials to better understand the risks and benefits of various approaches. Building on rights-based rationales from international law and core principles of environmental justice, we argue that AMR field trials should not proceed before meaningful public engagement occurs. We also draw preliminary lessons from ocean fertilization and solar radiation management (SRM) cases to highlight the significance of involving members of the public in conversation about climate intervention technologies in early stages of the research and development process. While we emphasize that engagement is not a checkbox for gaining social license, these cases illustrate how neglecting public engagement can be unnecessarily detrimental to proposed research. We further point to an enhanced weathering experiment to highlight how early engagement can foster ethical processes and outcomes, which enhance alignment of research with societal values. While empirical evidence does not yet support the argument that engagement always results in the outcomes researchers desire, it does always result in justice enhancing outcomes and should therefore be pursued regardless. We advocate for diverse engagement approaches based on the nature of the technology, with a focus on collaboration with impacted communities, the public, and international interdisciplinary researchers. To ensure responsible research practices, the article calls for the development of comprehensive governance frameworks and ethical guidelines for field trials.

ОБСЛЕДОВАНИЕ И УСИЛЕНИЕ ПЛИТ ПОКРЫТИЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННОГО КОРПУСА ООО "РОССНАБ"

The article presents a survey and a technical solution for strengthening precast reinforced concrete ribbed coating slabs. Due to the destruction of the roofing material, precipitation freely penetrated into the interior of the building, and the coating plates were soaked for a long time. The constant soaking of the coating plates caused the development of corrosion processes in the working and structural fittings, destruction and detachment of the protective layer of concrete. The weighting of the roof composition led to the appearance of inclined cracks in the longitudinal ribs of individual slabs. The analysis of the defects in the plates showed that some plates are not able to perceive the actual values of loads. Their condition is assessed as emergency, these plates require reinforcement. Subject of research: prefabricated reinforced concrete ribbed coating plates. Materials and methods: The materials for this article were obtained during the survey of precast reinforced concrete ribbed slabs covering the production building of ROSSNAB LLC. The general parameters of the plates and visible defects were determined by visual inspection. During the instrumental examination, autopsies and measurements of the coating plates were performed, the strength and deformative parameters of the structures were determined. Results: According to the results of the study, data were obtained to assess the technical condition of precast reinforced concrete ribbed coating slabs. Lists of defects and damages have been compiled with a description of the set parameters and their values. Some plates are not able to perceive the actual values of the loads. Their condition is assessed as emergency, these plates require reinforcement. Conclusions: In view of the current emergency situation and to prevent the development of subsequent deformations, resulting in destruction, an engineering solution was prepared to strengthen the coating plates. The recommended composition of repair and restoration work and reinforcement provides for the possibility of further safe operation of the production building of ROSSNAB LLC.

Natural Compounds That Activate the KEAP1/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway as Potential New Drugs in the Treatment of Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease

Recently, a single-neuron degeneration model has been proposed to understand the development of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease based on (i) the extremely slow development of the degenerative process before the onset of motor symptoms and during the progression of the disease and (ii) the fact that it is triggered by an endogenous neurotoxin that does not have an expansive character, limiting its neurotoxic effect to single neuromelanin-containing dopaminergic neurons. It has been proposed that aminochrome is the endogenous neurotoxin that triggers the neurodegenerative process in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease by triggering mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, dysfunction of both lysosomal and proteasomal protein degradation, endoplasmic reticulum stress and formation of neurotoxic alpha-synuclein oligomers. Aminochrome is an endogenous neurotoxin that is rapidly reduced by flavoenzymes and/or forms adducts with proteins, which implies that it is impossible for it to have a propagative neurotoxic effect on neighboring neurons. Interestingly, the enzymes DT-diaphorase and glutathione transferase M2-2 prevent the neurotoxic effects of aminochrome. Natural compounds present in fruits, vegetables and other plant products have been shown to activate the KEAP1/Nrf2 signaling pathway by increasing the expression of antioxidant enzymes including DT-diaphorase and glutathione transferase. This review analyzes the possibility of searching for natural compounds that increase the expression of DT-diaphorase and glutathione transferase through activation of the KEAP1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Dermal white adipose tissue: Development and impact on hair follicles, skin defense, and fibrosis.

Dermal white adipose tissue (DWAT) is a distinctive adipose depot located within the lower dermis of the skin. Its significance as an ancillary fat in skin homoeostasis has recently received increased attention. New research has revealed that DWAT responses to skin pathology and physiology changes, impacting skin development, hair cycling, defense mechanisms, and fibrotic conditions. In this review, we explore the developmental process of DWAT and the adipose commitment timing of hypodermal. We explore the development process of DWAT and its pivotal role in regulating the hair cycle. We conclude the antibacterial activity and reversible dedifferentiation of dermal adipocytes in response to skin defense. Furthermore, we underscore the potentially crucial yet underestimated anti-fibrotic functions of DWAT-derived adipokines and adipocyte-myofibroblast transition.

PERAN PSIKOLOGI PERKEMBANGAN DALAM DUNIA PENDIDIKAN ANAK SMP

This article discusses the importance of developmental psychology in the education of junior high school children, who are in the age range of 10 to 14 years old. Psychology, derived from the words "psyche" (soul) and "logos" (science), is a field that investigates the mental processes, actions and behaviors of humans in relation to their environment. Developmental psychology specifically studies mental and behavioral changes throughout an individual's life. A deep understanding of developmental psychology is essential for educators and parents of middle school children, in order to understand and respond to their physical, cognitive, social, and emotional developmental needs. The methodology used in this study is the desk research method, which involves collecting and analyzing data from various literature sources such as reference books, articles, and journals. Through this method, the researcher identified important ideas, principles, and perspectives relevant to the topic. The research findings show that developmental psychology plays a vital role in the education of middle school children. Educators need to understand children's developmental phases in order to design appropriate learning programs, as well as identify and address developmental issues that may arise. The main challenges in the developmental process of middle school children include the development of technology and social media, academic pressure, media influence, and mental health issues. The proposed solutions include digital education, study time management, emotional support, monitoring social media use, anti-cyberbullying programs, and access to mental health services. Thus, applying the principles of developmental psychology in the education of junior high school children can create a learning environment that supports physical, emotional, and social development, and produce a quality generation. Collaboration between educators, psychologists and parents is essential to achieve this goal.

Conflicted social mix and the ambivalence toward urban Others: Ethnographic exploration of urban regeneration in a liminal space in Tel Aviv

ABSTRACT This article offers the term conflicted social mix to address newcomers’ dilemmas in a transforming liminal space. It is based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in 2019–2021 in Gan HaHashmal, a regenerating area located between Tel Aviv’s wealthier north and relatively lower-income south. The area is characterized by a mix of upper-middle-class newcomers, homeless people, and drug users, and a lack of community cohesion due to spatial liminality. The proposed conceptualization reveals that although the newcomers may have originally wished to be part of this “raw” urbanity and urban development process, in practice, they aim to establish a sterile community of their own, while excluding urban Others. They express empathy for the latter’s vulnerability while confessing their difficulty to share the space with them. Newcomers’ perceptions, narratives, and spatial experiences highlight the theoretical significance of the conflicted social mix concept for Tel Aviv’s morphology, as well as for other contested neoliberal spaces.

Development of Algebra Test Using the Item Response Theory Approach for Junior High School Students

This research aims to develop valid and reliable measuring tool for students' algebraic abilities that can be used in schools and the general public. The research follows a structured test development design, including stages such as preparing test specifications and items, field testing, revising items, and test development. The questions are aligned with the 2013 curriculum syllabus, ensuring relevance to educational standards. The test was given to 662 junior high school students in Kendari City, Indonesia, and their responses were analyzed using the item response theory (IRT) model with two logistic parameters: item difficulty level and item discriminatory power. The BILOG MG program was employed to estimate item and ability parameters. Before conducting item analysis with IRT, essential assumption tests were conducted, including unidimensional and model fit tests. The results of the development process, based on item analysis using BILOG MG, yielded 15 items covering various aspects of algebraic abilities. These items were derived from indicators such as recognizing algebraic forms, identifying elements within these forms, performing addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division operations on algebraic forms, presenting and solving real-world problems in algebraic contexts, and addressing contextual problems involving algebraic operations. The items demonstrated good fit with the model and exhibited an appropriate level of item difficulty and discriminatory power, making them suitable for use as a reliable assessment tool. Consequently, these developed tests are deemed effective for measuring students' foundational algebraic abilities.

Precision prevention in occupational health: a conceptual analysis and development of a unified understanding and an integrative framework

IntroductionPrecision prevention implements highly precise, tailored health interventions for individuals by directly addressing personal and environmental determinants of health. However, precision prevention does not yet appear to be fully established in occupational health. There are numerous understandings and conceptual approaches, but these have not yet been systematically presented or synthesized. Therefore, this conceptual analysis aims to propose a unified understanding and develop an integrative conceptual framework for precision prevention in occupational health.MethodsFirstly, to systematically present definitions and frameworks of precision prevention in occupational health, six international databases were searched for studies published between January 2010 and January 2024 that used the term precision prevention or its synonyms in the context of occupational health. Secondly, a qualitative content analysis was conducted to analyze the existing definitions and propose a unified understanding. Thirdly, based on the identified frameworks, a multi-stage exploratory development process was applied to develop and propose an integrative conceptual framework for precision prevention in occupational health.ResultsAfter screening 3,681 articles, 154 publications were reviewed, wherein 29 definitions of precision prevention and 64 different frameworks were found, which can be summarized in eight higher-order categories. The qualitative content analysis revealed seven themes and illustrated many different wordings. The proposed unified understanding of precision prevention in occupational health takes up the identified themes. It includes, among other things, a contrast to a “one-size-fits-all approach” with a risk- and resource-oriented data collection and innovative data analytics with profiling to provide and improve tailored interventions. The developed and proposed integrative conceptual framework comprises three overarching stages: (1) data generation, (2) data management lifecycle and (3) interventions (development, implementation and adaptation).DiscussionAlthough there are already numerous studies on precision prevention in occupational health, this conceptual analysis offers, for the first time, a proposal for a unified understanding and an integrative conceptual framework. However, the proposed unified understanding and the developed integrative conceptual framework should only be seen as an initial proposal that should be critically discussed and further developed to expand and strengthen both research on precision prevention in occupational health and its practical application in the workplace.

Construction and Validation of a Scale to Measure Islamic Primary School Teachers’ Readiness in Implementing Emancipated Curriculum Referring to the Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge

This research aims to develop and validate a scale to measure the readiness of science teachers in Islamic primary schools in implementing the Emancipated Curriculum referring to the Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK). Eight development steps by DeVellis were used to develop the scale. A total of 224 respondents, comprising six experts and 218 science teachers in Central Java Province and the Special Province of Yogyakarta, agreed to participate. Data were analyzed using SEM-PLS. The development process successfully created a scale of 34 valid and reliable items. These items consist of Technological Knowledge factors (four items), Pedagogical Knowledge factors (14 items), Content Knowledge factors (four items), Pedagogical Content Knowledge factors (four items), Technological Content Knowledge factors (two items), Technological Pedagogical Knowledge factors (two items), and Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge factors (three items). A high reliability was obtained for the scale developed (0.983). This validated scale is ready to be used to examine teachers’ readiness in implementing the Emancipate Curriculum. The measurement with this scale can illustrate the extent to which teachers have TPACK as a provision for implementing the curriculum so that policy recommendations can be made.

Development and Application of a Liquid Sampling Device with Timing, Quantitative and Depth Determination

This thesis describes the development process of a liquid sampling device that can be timed, quantitative, and deep. The structural composition, working principle, and innovative features of the liquid sampling device are introduced, and the application prospects are analyzed. The device has the function of controllable and adjustable sampling point depth and sampling volume, and adopts quantitative collection and collection methods without contact with accessories. The device has a silent function in the sample body, which can realize pre-booking of collection time points and multi-point synchronous collection. Wireless remote control automatic mode is adopted for sending and stopping collection instructions, which can be sent one-to-one or one-to-many at the same time. It provides automation links for water quality monitoring projects and meets the requirements of modern scientific and technological development.

An exploration of available methods and tools to improve the efficiency of systematic review production: a scoping review

BackgroundSystematic reviews (SRs) are time-consuming and labor-intensive to perform. With the growing number of scientific publications, the SR development process becomes even more laborious. This is problematic because timely SR evidence is essential for decision-making in evidence-based healthcare and policymaking. Numerous methods and tools that accelerate SR development have recently emerged. To date, no scoping review has been conducted to provide a comprehensive summary of methods and ready-to-use tools to improve efficiency in SR production.ObjectiveTo present an overview of primary studies that evaluated the use of ready-to-use applications of tools or review methods to improve efficiency in the review process.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review. An information specialist performed a systematic literature search in four databases, supplemented with citation-based and grey literature searching. We included studies reporting the performance of methods and ready-to-use tools for improving efficiency when producing or updating a SR in the health field. We performed dual, independent title and abstract screening, full-text selection, and data extraction. The results were analyzed descriptively and presented narratively.ResultsWe included 103 studies: 51 studies reported on methods, 54 studies on tools, and 2 studies reported on both methods and tools to make SR production more efficient. A total of 72 studies evaluated the validity (n = 69) or usability (n = 3) of one method (n = 33) or tool (n = 39), and 31 studies performed comparative analyses of different methods (n = 15) or tools (n = 16). 20 studies conducted prospective evaluations in real-time workflows. Most studies evaluated methods or tools that aimed at screening titles and abstracts (n = 42) and literature searching (n = 24), while for other steps of the SR process, only a few studies were found. Regarding the outcomes included, most studies reported on validity outcomes (n = 84), while outcomes such as impact on results (n = 23), time-saving (n = 24), usability (n = 13), and cost-saving (n = 3) were less often evaluated.ConclusionFor title and abstract screening and literature searching, various evaluated methods and tools are available that aim at improving the efficiency of SR production. However, only few studies have addressed the influence of these methods and tools in real-world workflows. Few studies exist that evaluate methods or tools supporting the remaining tasks. Additionally, while validity outcomes are frequently reported, there is a lack of evaluation regarding other outcomes.

Clear insight into complex multimodal resins and impurities to overcome recombinant protein purification challenges: A review.

Increasing attention has been paid to the purity of therapeutic proteins imposing extensive costs and challenges to the downstream processing of biopharmaceuticals. One of the efforts, that has been exerted to overcome such limitations, was developing multimodal or mixed-mode chromatography (MMC) resins for launching selective, orthogonal, non-affinity purification platforms. Despite relatively extensive usage of MMC resins, their real potential and fulfillment have not been extensively reviewed yet. In this work, the explanation of practical and key aspects of downstream processing of recombinant proteins with or without MMC resins was debated, as being useful for further purification process development. This review has been written as a step-by-step guide to deconvolute both inherent protein purification and MMC complexities. Here, after complete elucidation of the potential of MMC resins, the effects of frequently used additives (mobile phase modifiers) and their possible interactions during the purification process, the critical characteristics of common product-related impurities (e.g., aggregates, charge variants, fragments), host-related impurities (e.g., host cell protein and DNA) and process related impurities (e.g., endotoxin, and viruses) with solved or unsolved challenges of traditional and MMC resins have been discussed. Such collective experiences which are reported in this study could be considered as an applied guide for developing successful downstream processing in challenging conditions by providing a clear insight into complex MMC resins and impurities.

Emotional Attachments in Children's Toy Design Dimensions and Strategies: A Grounded Theory Approach

Children's emotional attachments to toys foster trust and stability, impacting psychological growth. This study evaluates the concept of emotional attachments in children's toy designs. Employing a grounded theory methodology, it seeks to establish a conceptual framework for understanding the elements and principles of emotional attachments in toys. By shedding light on the factors that develop children’s emotional attachments with their toys, this research aims to inform the design and development processes of toys that promote healthy emotional development. The findings suggest that integrating a conceptual model of emotional attachments into the design processes can lead to the creation of toys that facilitate children's holistic growth and offer them positive experiences of emotional connection. Furthermore, the study proposes a conceptual framework for integrating emotional attachment into children's toy design and development processes. This has profound implications for toy designers, teachers, manufacturers, and education researchers aiming to enhance children's emotional well-being through play.

A drug repurposing screen identifies decitabine as an HSV-1 antiviral.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a prevalent human pathogen with a limited arsenal of antiviral agents, resistance to which can often develop during prolonged treatment, such as in the case of immunocompromised individuals. Development of novel antiviral agents is a costly and prolonged process, making new antivirals few and far between. Here, we employed an approach called drug repurposing to investigate the potential anti-HSV-1 activity of drugs that are known to be safe in humans, shortening the process of drug development considerably. We identified a nucleoside analog named decitabine as a potent anti-HSV-1 agent in cell culture and investigated its mechanism of action. Decitabine synergizes with the current anti herpetic acyclovir and increases the rate of mutations in the viral genome. Thus, decitabine is an attractive candidate for future studies in animal models to inform its possible application as a novel HSV-1 therapy.

Sequential-Flow Synthesis of Donepezil: A Green and Sustainable Strategy Featuring Heterogeneous Catalysis and Hydrogenation.

An atom-economical sequential-flow synthesis of donepezil, a widely prescribed drug for Alzheimer's disease, was accomplished using inexpensive, commercially available precursors. This achievement was made possible by reconfiguring the synthetic route to include only heterogeneous catalytic addition and condensation reactions, with a particular emphasis on skeletal transformation and bond formation through hydrogenation processes. Notably, water was the sole byproduct in this synthesis. A crucial aspect of this work was the development of appropriate continuous-flow processes to achieve a one-flow synthesis. This was accomplished by implementing in-line treatments of the main reaction stream to eliminate inhibitory factors that could affect catalyst performance in the hydrogenation steps.