Development Of Power Industry Research Articles

Impact of wind and solar power plants on the reliability of the IPS

One of the most promising areas in the development of the electric power industry is generally regarded to lie in expanding the share of renewable energy sources (RES) in the electric energy balance of power systems in the form of wind and solar power plants (WPP and SPP), the saving of organic fuel (coal, gas, fuel oil) and the reduction of environmentally harmful emissions into the atmosphere considered to be their most important advantages. However, the impact of RES on the controllability of the modes of operation of electric power systems and on the reliability of the IPS operation remains quite unexplored.Currently, the global energy industry uses 318 million kW of WPP and about 142.4 million kW of SPP, of which the major West European countries account for about 227 million kW, or 49.3%. On average, wind and solar power plants account for almost 30% of the total generating capacity in Western Europe, with Denmark having the largest share of WPP (47%) and Germany having the highest share of SPP (18.6%). However, an uncontrolled growth in the share of WPP and SPP in the structure of generating capacities of power systems begins to manifest itself in a sharp decline in the reliability of the power industry due to the fact that a number of negative properties of WPP and SPP have not been taken into account (at least, to a sufficient extent), which manifested themselves in practice in a system accident in the UK power system that occurred on August 09, 2019, when, as a result of an "ordinary" short circuit, a system accident occurred, with up to 1.1 million consumers with a total load of 1690 MW disconnected from the power supply system for a period of 15 to 45 minutes. This is estimated to have resulted in economic losses for consumers amounting to 12.3–15.0 million USD.The reason for this is that the high sensitivity of WPP, SPP, CCGT and gas piston units to voltage and frequency drops is not properly considered in conditions of insufficient capacity of the rotating (mobile) generation reserve. Damage can be prevented by increasing the rotating reserve within the available reserve of the power system, which will require an increase in funds for maintaining the same due to additional fuel consumption. The ratio of reduction of probable damage to consumers and the cost of additional fuel consumption for maintenance of a required rotating reserve in the power system allows to economically substantiate the strategy and scale of introduction of renewable energy sources to the power industry.

PUBLIC MECHANISMS OF FINANCIAL SECURITY IN ELECTRICITY: THE EXPERIENCE OF POLAND AND UKRAINE

Abstract. The research was conducted on the basis of the analysis of the current legislation, statistical data of the state authorities of Ukraine and program documents containing strategies of development of electric power industry of Ukraine and Poland. The purpose of the work is to determine the directions of developing the public mechanisms of financial support in electricity of Ukraine and Poland within cross-border cooperation. The study is logically built in terms of coverage of three areas, in particular, the analysis of the domestic electricity market of Ukraine (which conducts a critical analysis of the structure and volume of electricity in the UES of Ukraine); analysis of the compatibility of the principles of Ukrainian electricity legislation with the principles of the third EU energy package (which focuses on maintaining certain elements of non-market pricing that distort competition in the new model of the electricity market of Ukraine) and the imperative of cross-border cooperation between Ukraine and Poland which outlines them main tasks in the field of law and economics, the solution of which is necessary to create a transnational exchange market of Ukraine and Poland in the implementation of the Energy Strategy of Ukraine in the context of integration of the UES of Ukraine with the European energy system). The results obtained allow to determine the effective directions of public administering financial support of cross-border cooperation between Ukraine and Poland in electricity and possible forms and directions of its implementation. Keywords: financial support, electricity market, public mechanisms, cross-border cooperation, exchange trade. Formulas: 0; fig.: 1; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 14.

Prospects and Obstacles for Green Hydrogen Production in Russia

Renewable energy is considered the one of the most promising solutions to meet sustainable development goals in terms of climate change mitigation. Today, we face the problem of further scaling up renewable energy infrastructure, which requires the creation of reliable energy storages, environmentally friendly carriers, like hydrogen, and competitive international markets. These issues provoke the involvement of resource-based countries in the energy transition, which is questionable in terms of economic efficiency, compared to conventional hydrocarbon resources. To shed a light on the possible efficiency of green hydrogen production in such countries, this study is aimed at: (1) comparing key Russian trends of green hydrogen development with global trends, (2) presenting strategic scenarios for the Russian energy sector development, (3) presenting a case study of Russian hydrogen energy project «Dyakov Ust-Srednekanskaya HPP» in Magadan region. We argue that without significant changes in strategic planning and without focus on sustainable solutions support, the further development of Russian power industry will be halted in a conservative scenario with the limited presence of innovative solutions in renewable energy industries. Our case study showed that despite the closeness to Japan hydrogen market, economic efficiency is on the edge of zero, with payback period around 17 years. The decrease in project capacity below 543.6 MW will immediately lead to a negative NPV. The key reason for that is the low average market price of hydrogen ($14/kg), which is only a bit higher than its production cost ($12.5/kg), while transportation requires about $0.96/kg more. Despite the discouraging results, it should be taken into account that such strategic projects are at the edge of energy development. We see them as an opportunity to lead transnational energy trade of green hydrogen, which could be competitive in the medium term, especially with state support.

Contributions of A.N. Frumkin and the Frumkin School to power sources research

The historical interplay between the theoretical researches of the Frumkin School and the development of modern power sources technology is described. We show that the combination of solid fundamental knowledge with individual talent was the crucial factor in the development of power sources research and industry in the former USSR. Since historical trends tend to persist over time, it is clear that future developments of power sources will also require substantial inputs from basic electrochemistry, even if such requirements are not obvious to many present-day research managers.

О подходах к определению перспектив развития электроэнергетики

The article outlines possible approaches to determining the prospects for the development of the electric power industry on the basis of organizational and technological platforms and intersectoral balances compiled using the input-output method. The analysis of forecasting and planning systems for the development of the Russian electric power industry is given. The multiplicative effect of the influence of the electric power industry on the development of branches of the real sector of the economy is presented. Based on the input-output method approaches are formulated to determine the spatial directions based on the regional markets of thermal electric energy and technological development of the electric power industry.

Перспективы использования возобновляемых источников энергии в Республике Кот-д Ивуар

The prospects for development of the power industry in the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire are considered in the context of current global energy development trends. The aim of the article is to analyze the prospects for development of the power industry in Côte d'Ivoire based on alternative energy sources taking into account their available resources and the possibility of using them in the country's economy. The existing energy complex structure is studied; the market shares of foreign companies are identified, and focus is placed on the possibilities of overcoming the energy imbalance in the key sector of the economy through implementing the existing projects of private national investors. Renewable energy sources in Côte d'Ivoire are stable and evenly distributed throughout the country; thus providing a potential for quickly increasing the level of energy availability for the economy. In the author's opinion, the introduction and commercial-scale application of power facilities based on using the solar energy and biomass energy obtained from the waste of traditional industrial production in the region is the most effective, innovative and stabilizing method to be used in the country'’s electric power industry.

State strategy for the accelerated development of the electric power industry in the Far East of the USSR (1964—1991): historical experience

The article examines the historical aspects of the formation and implementation of the state strategy for the accelerated growth of the electric power industry in the Far East of the USSR in 1964—1991. The problems of power supply of the Far Eastern region of the country are analyzed, programs for the development of the regional electric power industry are considered, the difficulties of their implementation are revealed, structural changes in the industry and the results of electrification of the region are characterized. The author notes that the problems of regional energy supply had not been solved until the end of the Soviet era. The Far Eastern electric power industry continued to be a costly and lagging industry, slowing down the socio-economic development of the region.

Systems analysis of reform in Russia’s energy industry

The paper presents the results of a systems analysis of the reform of Russia’s electric power industry. The analysis has revealed the main problems of the industry and the causes behind them. It has also shown that many of the negative outcomes of the reform are due to the lack of a systems approach to the formulation of the reform goals and objectives and the assessment of their implementation consequences. The lack of a systems approach to crucial problems of the electric power industry in the context of the actual situation and the lack of reasonable development forecasts have led to directive management methods. This significantly reduces the efficiency of the development of the electric power industry in Russia in the medium and long term. The analysis allowed us to propose some priority measures that will not require fundamental changes in the electric power industry but can improve the situation in the medium term.

Research and Application of Power Engineering Science and Technology Project Management Based on All Life-cycle

The electric power industry is an important chain in the energy revolution and one of the most important basic industries. At the same time, it is also facing the technology collision and industry innovation brought by various emerging technologies, which constantly promotes the development of the electric power industry in the direction of safety, intelligence and cleanness. Power grid enterprises have a great demand for scientific research and innovation, and the average annual investment in scientific research has exceeded 100 million yuan. With the increasing investment in scientific research and development of power enterprises year by year, the demand for systematic, scientific and efficient management system for scientific and technological projects is becoming increasingly urgent. In view of the shortcomings of the traditional project management mode, this study establishes the corresponding management and evaluation mechanism by combining with the whole life cycle management method of modern project management, realizes the transformation of power enterprise science and technology project management to high efficiency, high quality, specialization and scientization, and promotes the innovation and integration development of traditional technology and emerging technology. The all life-cycle management mode has been widely applied in major power grid projects. By integrating superior resources, breaking through major engineering technology research and development, giving full play to the innovation of projects and avoiding research and development risks, it explores the development direction of science and technology project management in energy industry and improves the industry management level.

Risk assessment of electricity transmission and distribution tariff regulation for power grid enterprises based on best-worst method and cloud model

The electricity transmission and distribution tariff policy of the second supervision cycle in China has formulated a much better electricity transmission and distribution tariff supervision system. In this context, the research on the risk related to electricity transmission and distribution tariff regulation faced by power grid enterprises is helpful for power regulatory agencies and business operators to identify and avoid risks in time and promote the sustainable development of electric power industry. Firstly, the risk evaluation criteria system is established. Secondly, a risk evaluation model based on the best and worst method (BWM) and cloud model for electricity transmission and distribution tariff regulation is proposed. Finally, the risk level of power transmission and distribution tariff regulation faced by four provincial power grid enterprises is evaluated. The validity and practicability of the proposed model in this paper are proved by the empirical analysis.

State policy for the development of electric power industry in the Soviet Far East, 1960s–1980s: programs and problems of their implementation

Статья посвящена государственной политике СССР по развитию электроэнергетики на Дальнем Востоке в 1960-е –1980-е гг. Автор акцентирует внимание на исторических аспектах ее формирования, анализирует разработанные программы и системные проблемы, возникавшие при их реализации, а также характеризует структурные изменения в отрасли и итоги электрификации региона. Автор заключает, что, несмотря на предпринятые инициативы, до конца советской эпохи проблемы энергообеспечения в регионе не были решены, а дальневосточная электроэнергетика оставалась проблемной, затратной и отстающей отраслью, замедляющей социально-экономическое развитие региона. Ключевые слова: государственная политика, электроэнергетика, энергетическое строительство, электрификация, Дальний Восток

Teaching the electric power and industry terminology during Coronavirus

This paper is devoted to the study of general issues of teaching English terminology in the electric power industry during the Coronavirus. The outbreak of the pandemic posed a serious challenge to education systems around the world. For the first time ever, traditional face-to-face training turned out to be impossible. Governments’ decision to make distance education compulsory on all levels in the context of the coronavirus pandemic was unprecedented but needed. The development of the electric power industry affects the state of various industries and the daily life of people around the world. The search for alternative forms of education during the time of the crisis, therefore, became urgent. The aim of our research paper was to create a substantiated, experimentally proven methodology for teaching students terminological vocabulary of the professional language of the electric power industry during Coronavirus. In addition, we identified strategies for mastering professional terminological vocabulary pertaining to reading specialized texts as well as to oral communication in professionally significant communication situations focused on the electric power industry. To achieve this goal, the following tasks needed to be completed: (1) to study linguistic, psychological, psycholinguistic, methodological literature on the problems of teaching terminological vocabulary; (2) to determine the features of the functioning of the lexical skills of operating with professional terms; (3) to determine the lexical features of the terminological vocabulary of the sublanguage “the electric power industry”; (4) to develop based on this typology a technology for teaching students the skills of using terminological vocabulary in the process of oral and written communication; (5) to check the effectiveness of the proposed methodology in the process of experiential learning.

Development of a method for using AI systems for assessing cyber threats to electric power facilities

Modern trends in the development of the electric power industry declare the widespread use of information and communication technologies and digital services to improve the operation of relay protection and automation (RPA) subsystems, ICS, WAMS, etc. However, this is associated with an increase in the number of cyber threats and risks of disrupting the stable functioning of electric power facilities due to destructive information influences. The report presents the results of the synthesis of a hybrid method for modeling cyber threats with possible cyber-physical consequences and the development of a demonstration prototype of an expert system that implements the method.

Aspects of the concept of cyber-protected objects of a digital electrical network with elements of Zero Trust Architecture in Russia

Modern trends in the development of the electric power industry declare the widespread use of information and communication technologies and digital services to improve the operation of relay protection and automation (RPA) subsystems, Industrial Control Systems (ICS), commercial electricity metering systems, etc. However, it is associated with an increase in the number of cyber threats and risks of disrupting the stable functioning of electric power facilities due to destructive information influences. The report presents aspects of a holistic concept of building cyber-protected digital substations with elements of Zero Trust Architecture. Based on the results of the theoretical investigation the authors assume the possibility of technical testing of the proposed approaches to build a cyber-protected digital substation as a part of the emerging Research and Development (R&D) programs for the practical implementation of the zero-trust policy.

Effect of the Digital Transformation of Power System on Renewable Energy Utilization in China

Renewable energy is the development direction of power system of China. To further boost the development of China's power industry, the digital transformation of the power is underway. This study examined the panorama of digital transformation of power system of China. Through analyzing the effect of digital transformation on renewable energy utilization, three business applications were identified: short-term prediction of renewable energy output, renewable energy equipment maintenance, and intelligent power-grid maintenance. The implementation process and effect of the three business applications are analyzed by using the data covering 2012-2019 from three aspects: the short-term prediction accuracy of renewable energy output, the reduction of the fault restoration mean time for renewable energy equipment to the industry average, the reduction ratio of the mean time of power grid fault restoration to the industry average, and the rate of renewable energy utilization. The results indicated that digital transformation boosted the efficiency of renewable energy utilization. Based on the findings, the following suggestions are proposed for improving the digital transformation of the power industry and thereby promoting renewable energy utilization: 1) the first is to emphasize the scale efficiency of digital application in the early stage of digitization and renewable energy development, and emphasize the technical performance of a digital application in the middle and later stages of development; 2) the second is to enhance data accuracy, such as meteorological data, historical data for renewable energy power stations, power equipment status data, and strengthen the application of algorithms and computational models; 3) the third suggestion is to improve the overall digitalization rate of the power industry.

System anti-jamming technology in the design of intelligent single chip computer constant current source of field strength machine

With the development of the electric power industry, the technical level of automatic testing equipment for the reliability of electrical component circuit breakers in the transmission and distribution network is getting higher and higher. The stability and accuracy of the test power supply are the basis for ensuring the pass rate of the test product. Most of the electrical testing and testing equipment has defects such as inaccurate power supply current regulation, low power, and low level of intelligence, which are difficult to meet the testing requirements. Based on the theory of a closed-loop control system, this paper adopts embedded system design technology to realize a high-current, high-power, high-stability digital constant current source system for line detection. This paper studies the rule-based intelligent anti-jamming decision engine design and system anti-jamming performance analysis of NC-OFDM system. We give the design of an intelligent anti-jamming decision engine based on rule-based decision-making, and focus on two intelligent anti-jamming decision-making algorithms: Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC) algorithm based on signal-to-noise ratio difference and packet error rate and Adaptive Sub-Band Selection (ASBS) algorithm. Experimental test results show that the output current range is 200 mA to 2000 mA, the system has realized a microstep adjustment of±5 mA, and the absolute error of current measurement is less than 0.3%+4 mA. The system is stable and reliable, and has high practical value in the field of high precision and low power.

The analysis of power system steady-state aperiodic stability with electronic generation

One of the main directions of electric power industry development all over the world is the use of distributed small generation, both based on carbon fuel resources with synchronous communication between sources when they are connected to electric networks, and renewable energy sources working in the electric network through frequency-converting devices (electronic generation). The latter leads to the inevitable mass use of inverters in existing AC electric networks. The objectives of this investigation are to study the impact of electronic generation on the modes and stability of existing electric networks and power systems, the formation of requirements for the characteristics of electronic generation control, which minimize the coordination of relay protection and automation with electronic generation in the electric network, as well as increase the reliability of the general electrical mode. The article presents the results study of the steady-state aperiodic stability of the power system with electronic generation, the requirements for their steady-state characteristics and control in the power system.

Оценка динамических нагрузок на стены и перекрытие подреакторного помещения РБМК-1000 при паровом взрыве

One of the conditions for the safe operation of a nuclear power plant (NPP) unit is a comprehensive design and experimental justification of its failure-free operation in all operating modes and limitation of accident radiation consequences, including those in the case of severe beyond design basis accidents. According to the nuclear power industry development plans in Russia, new NPPs equipped with RBMK-1000 reactors are not supposed to be constructed in the future. Although the assigned service life of RBMK-1000 based power units that remain in operation is close to expiration, these power units account for most of the electricity generation in the total amount of nuclear power capacities in Russia (about 40%); therefore, the relevant industry organizations have decided to extend their operation. This article analyzes the severe accident evolvement scenario at an RBMK-based NPP during the stage of severe core damage, in the course of which fuel-containing masses collapse into the subreactor space filled with water. Once fuel-containing masses emerge in the sub-reactor room, they come in interaction with the reactor base concrete. There is a potential danger of the concrete floor slab melting and the corium collapsing into the bubbler pool water. The main strategy foreseen for keeping the molten core within the reactor space boundaries involves decay heat removal from the reactor and cooling of the support metal structures by supplying water. However, the filling of the subreactor space with liquid may give rise to conditions under which vapor explosion can occur. The maximum dynamic impact applied to the RBMK-1000 subreactor room walls in the event of possible interaction between the molten corium and water during a severe beyond design basis accident is estimated. It is shown that when the corium melt interacts with a large amount of water in the subreactor room, the kinetic energy of the resulting water vapor is sufficient to cause significant destruction of the power unit building. When the water level in the subreactor room falls below one meter, the destruction hazard becomes less probable. The mass of hydrogen released as a result of the interaction is also estimated.

Resilience of nuclear fuel cycle scenarios: Definition, method and application to a fleet with uncertain power decrease

Nuclear fuel cycle scenario studies can be of benefit for decision-making in nuclear power industry development, thanks to their abilities to make projections of industrial strategies and to assess the associated impacts on the nuclear fuel cycle system. In scenario studies, according to imposed constraints, one proposes trajectories, which are defined as fully characterized evolutions of the studied nuclear fuel cycle system, to represent different prospective developments for the nuclear power industry. However, the scenario studies are usually subject to uncertainties because of the lack of knowledge or information about the future at the time of study. As a result, the real situation can differ from the expectation as the real-world time goes, and the trajectories proposed by the previous scenario studies can be disrupted without satisfying the imposed constraints anymore. The first method to overcome this problem is the resistance strategy, which consists in finding the trajectories that can bear any disruption caused by the uncertainties to meet the imposed constraints. But this resistance strategy may not always be sufficient for scenario studies as the uncertainties in scenario studies are generally so high that the associated impact of disruptions can be too strong to guarantee the existence of said resistant trajectories. As a complementary solution, a resilience strategy is proposed in this study. The goal of this paper is to propose a resilience assessment method for scenario problems. In a resilience study, the resilience of a trajectory is defined as a capability to be readjusted to avoid the constraint violations caused by disruptions. The readjustment is carried out by changing the predesigned levers. A scheme is developed based on the Kriging surrogate models and the state-of-the-art Stepwise Uncertainty Reduction (SUR) algorithm to evaluate the resilience of trajectories. The developed resilience assessment method is applied to a scenario problem with uncertain power decrease as a demonstration. The results show that this method is an efficient tool to deal with the failure of trajectories caused by disruption.

State Electrification Plan of Russia - an example of a systematic approach to the long-term development of the national electric power industry

A brief history of the State Electrification Plan of Russia (GOELRO plan) development, established in 1920, and its execution during 15 years is considered. It is shown that the basic statements of the GOELRO plan were developed and discussed in pre-revolutionary Russia, and actually it was a state plan for the development of the country's economy for a long-term period. The analysis of the main trends of development in the world and national electric power industries based on the use of new technologies and techniques for the production, transmission and distribution of electricity is also presented. A list of key systemic problems in the modern Russian electric power industry aroused as a result of its reform in the post-Soviet period is discussed. The conclusion about the need of more active state government participation in the industry management, in the creation of a new regulatory framework to improve the efficiency of the management was done based on the analysis of the mentioned problems. It is suggesting the developing of a new GOELRO plan, which has to take into account modern trends in the development of world energy, the achievements of the Fourth Industrial Revolution; the positive experience of many years in the functioning of the Unified Power System of Russia and the prospects for the economic development of its regions.