Development Of Phytopathogenic Fungi Research Articles

IMPACT OF PROPOLIS ON THE OCCURRENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI

In every country around the world, phytopathogenic fungi cause enormus economic damage. With the growth of the human population, the agricultural production has significantly increased in monoculture, which caused enlarged development of phytopathogenic fungi on crops, orchard et cetera. Over time phytopathogenic fungi developed resistance on standard agricultural agents. Because of this, it is necessary to find new ways in battle against these kinds of fungi.The experimental part of this paper covers usage of propolis solutions in battle against of the occurrence and development of phytopathogenic fungi Plasmoparaviticola and Taphrinadeformans in in vivo conditions on the grapevine (lat. Vitisvinifera) and peach (lat. Prunuspersica). The aim of the study is to determine, with all necessary measurements like pruning, fertilizing, irrigation, time of application of the solution and weather forecast,possibility ofusage propolis in influence on the occurrence and development of phytopathogenic fungi.In recent years, great efforts have been made to introduce natural disease control agents, such as propolis extract in alcohol and aqueous solution to reduce certain growth of phytopathogenic fungi in organic agriculture which can increase sustainable agricultural production.

Antifungal activity of plant extract of Ephedra alata sub.sp. alenda (Stapf) Trab., on mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedi-nis, the causal agent of Bayoud disease on date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)

This study deals with the importance and enhancement of plant extracts on the development of phytopathogenic fungi. It was carried out to evaluate the antifungal activity of the methanolic and ethanolic extract of alanda (Ephedra alata subsp. alenda (Stapf) Trab. [1905]), originating from the arid regions collected from the saoura region on May month of 2018’s year. The test was tested on mycelial growth of three Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis (Foa), strains of the causal agent of Bayoud disease on date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), with three different concentrations of methanolic and ethanolic extracts. The results revealed a significant (P<0.05) on mycelial growth of Foa strains. The values of the inhibition rate vary between 25,4 and 70,6% by methanolic extract effect and between 28,3 and 70,9% by ethanolic extract. In comparison between these two plant extracts, the similarity of inhibition was observed, while, between concentrations, the two concentrations 10-1 and 10-2 g / ml have important antifungal activity than the third concentration 10-3 g / ml, in all two extracts. Findings in this study con-firmed that the extract of this plant can be used as natural fungicide against bayoud disease in Algerian palm groves.

Plant growth-promoting and antifungal activity of yeasts from dark chestnut soil

538 yeast strains were isolated from dark chestnut soil collected from under the plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). The greatest number of microorganisms is found at soil depth 10–20cm. Among the 538 strains of yeast 77 (14.3%) strains demonstrated the ability to synthesize IAA. 15 strains were attributed to high IAA-producing yeasts (above 10μg/ml). The most active strains were YA05 with 51.7±2.1μg/ml of IAA and YR07 with 45.3±1.5μg/ml. In the study of effect of incubation time on IAA production the maximum accumulation of IAA coincided with maximum rates of biomass: at 120h for YR07 and at 144h for strain YA05. IAA production increased when medium was supplemented with the l-tryptophan. 400μg/ml of l-tryptophan showed maximum IAA production. 10 strains demonstrated the ability to inhibit the growth and development of phytopathogenic fungi. YA05 and YR07 strains formed the largest zones of inhibition compared to the other strains – from 21.6±0.3 to 30.6±0.5mm. Maximum zone of inhibition was observed for YA05 against Phytophtora infestans and YR07 strains against Fusarium graminearum. YA05 and YR07 strains were identified as Aureobasidium pullulans YA05 (GenBank accession No JF160955) and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa YR07 (GenBank accession No JF160956).

The impact of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) on the development of phytopathogenic fungi

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate impact of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) on the development of phytopathogenic fungi and correlate it with a potential effects on the growth of plants under unfavorable conditions, in order to improve the efficiency of a phytoremediation process. The conducted research focused on the antifungal properties of PGPB. In this study, 51 isolates of bacteria were obtained after diversified disinfection time from plants growing on soil after sewage sludge amendment. The results revealed that some isolated bacteria, mainly endophytic ones, inhibited the development of Fusarium oxysporum, F. culmorum and Alternaria alternata.