Development Of Specific Regions Research Articles

Understanding Road Traffic Evolution in an Urbanizing Context through Statistical and Geospatial Analysis

Urbanization, an accelerated process, is inherently coupled with complex issues, including the evolution of road traffic systems. This diversity in urbanization and transport infrastructure largely hinges on economic status and geographic positioning across cities. Leveraging the capabilities of remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in processing geospatial big data, this paper evaluates the urbanization level (UL) and road traffic level (RTL) in 212 prefecture-level cities using statistical and geospatial grid data. We aim to dissect the impact of UL on RTL, thus highlighting the specific challenges and opportunities across regions and pinpointing optimal urban development models. Our findings demonstrate (1) rapid development in UL across all cities, juxtaposed with a surge and then stagnation in RTL; (2) a positive correlation between UL and RTL that grows over time but weakens in later stages; (3) differentiated development models in different city tiers and regions; and (4) region-specific development models and optimization policies aimed at enhancing the symbiosis of urbanization and road traffic. This study underscores the pivotal role of the integration of statistical and geospatial data in understanding the dynamic intersection of urbanization and road traffic systems.

HOTAIR underlies the region-specific development of adipose tissue.

HOTAIR underlies the region-specific development of adipose tissue.

Government Support for Universities: Regional Coverage

The aim of the study is to assess the degree of involvement of various Russian regions in the implementation of governmental projects for university support, which is essential for the balanced development of national higher education system and the spatial development of the country as a whole. The task of effectively using the research and educational potential of universities for the development of particular regions is currently being under realization in many countries, including Russia, which determines the relevance of this study. The analysis is based on the quadrant distribution of national regions in the Federal State Statistics Service Rankings 2018 on regional GDP, the Regional Innovation Development Rankings 2018–2019, issued by the Higher School of Economics. We compared universities located in regions with similar characteristics of their economic development, and assessed the impact of 11 major governmental projects for university support, which have been implemented or continue since 2006. The study is targeted at tracking correlations between the regional distribution of universities supported by these projects, the amounts of funding, and the scales of innovation and economic development of the regions. We conclude that at present, in comparison with previous periods, a more balanced approach is being taken to the selection of universities-participants of such government projects from the point of view of their location in regions with different characteristics. At the same time, the distribution of financial support points to the existing serious gaps between the leading and other universities.

A regional variation in the vulnerability of socioeconomic systems to climate change. A case study of Poland

Purpose – The aim of the study was to identify the differences in the vulnerability of Polish voivod-ships to climate change, which may pose a threat to the sustainable development of particular regions. Research method – To achieve the purpose of the research, for each voivodship, a Synthetic Measure of Socioeconomic Vulnerability to Climate Change (SMSEVCC) was calculated. The SMSEVCC was applied in the linear ordering of objects characterized by several diagnostic variables, which were later replaced by one diagnostic value. Results – The implementation of sustainable development in Poland is strongly determined by cli-mate change and the associated extreme weather phenomena. The risk varies regionally and depends on the natural vulnerability of a given area that results from environmental conditions and the level of socioeconomic development. Originality /value / implications / recommendations –The paper presents a comprehensive analysis, eva-luation of socioeconomic vulnerability of voivodeships in Poland to climate change. Progress in the im-plementation of sustainable development requires strengthening adaptation measures to climate change, which should be adapted to the specifics of individual regions. An important element of actions for sustainable development should be the increased importance of the economic insurance system.

The determinants of under-5 age children malnutrition and the differences in the distribution of stunting-A study from Armenia.

Stunting undermines economic growth by perpetuating the vicious cycle of poverty and labour market performance. Studies have captured the trend in stunting and present distributional evidence of policy effects in the country contexts. We identify the determinants of U5 (under 5 years of age) malnutrition for the poor and the Nonpoor and compare the distribution of stunting at four time points (2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015) over a 15-year period between different groups of population. Further, we decompose the gap in malnutrition into causes of differences in stunting between worse-off and better-off socioeconomic groups of the population and estimate the magnitude of distributional differences in stunting between two socioeconomic groups. We also present the inequality trend over time that provides insights into the dynamicity of the effect of different determinants on stunting at different time points. Using 35,490 observations from Armenian Demographic and Health Survey Data [four waves: Year2015,9533; Year2010,8644; Year2005,8919; Year2000,8334], we apply regression-based decomposition method and inequality measures to identify the determinants of malnutrition and distribution of stunting between and within socioeconomic groups. Although the proportional difference in prevalence of stunting between worse-off and better-off children of 13 months and above are reduced by 9.5% in 2015 compared to 2000, the association between socioeconomic position and stunting is statistically significant among children aged 13 months and above in 2000, as well as among children of 36 months and above in 2015. This study demonstrates that the less of socioeconomic distribution of the population, but rather more of the effect from in-country region and settlement of residence are significantly associated with stunting. The approach of our analysis is potentially also a useful tool to generate evidence for decision making towards achieving SDGs 2.2. We conclude that development in childhood is not independent from the distributional effect of region specific development initiatives. Understanding the regional characteristics and resources allocated for the maternal and child health is the necessity to address stunting.

The Impact of Clusters on Regional Competitiveness

Cluster development is one of determinants used in the regional competitiveness that are related to the presence of competitive local suppliers and competitive local industries in the regional economy. The correlation analysis permits to conclude that regions, which are more competitive, have more developed clusters and regions with more developed clusters are more competitive. However, the comparison between competitiveness and cluster development of particular regions reveal that the impact of clusters on competitiveness can differ across regions and countries, thus creating challenges for policy makers. The paper focuses on the evaluation of the clusters’ approach in promoting regional productivity, innovation and economic growth leading to increased competitiveness, yet arguing that the targeted cluster development can foster structural change leading to improved economic performance, as well as welfare.

Understanding with Water: Hydro-art in Osieki (1973)

The paper is located at the intersection of the art history of the Polish neo-avant-garde and the environmental humanities informed by feminist new materialisms. It proposes an interpretation of performative works in which artists used aqueous matter as an object of interaction, a source of artistic transcription, and as an active participant in artistic scenarios. It concentrates on works that were realized during the open-air art meetings in socialist Poland and in particular at the Osieki meeting in 1973 with the title The Art of Water Surfaces [Plastyka obszarów wodnych]. Based on the analyzed works, it offers a speculative reflection on Hydroart, which is defined as region-specific development parallel to land art practices.

Quantized ternary pattern and singular value decomposition for the efficient mining of sequences in SRSI images

The growth and development of particular region over time can be witnessed by remote sensing images. Although such raw images have less possibility to derive the insights, Serial Remote Sensing Images (SRSI) has the large potential to discover the patterns. The evolution of spatial patterns in various areas including urban development, expansion of vegetation cover and agriculture is the evidence for the utilization of SRSI accumulation. The application of conventional sequential pattern-mining algorithms on the SRSI images results in high computational complexity. This issue can be resolved by grouping the pixels and mining sequence patterns. A one-pass framework is introduced to compress and hide the data in the marked stream without any loss. In this paper, we proposed a Quantized ternary pattern based pixel grouping and Singular Value Decomposition—Run Length Coding based pattern mining. The algorithms are experimented using a dataset, namely, the Cropland data layer dataset. The proposed algorithm is efficient in terms of mining time and sequence pattern generation.

ІННОВАЦІЙНІ ПРОМИСЛОВІ КЛАСТЕРИ ЯК СТРАТЕГІЧНА ОСНОВА СИСТЕМОУТВОРЮЮЧИХ ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ БЕЗПЕКИ РОЗВИТКУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

The paper argues that the current decline of the national economy in Ukraine triggers a critical need to overhaul the interconnections between its various entities and their alliances to attain better economic performance and synergistic effect. In this context, cluster formation strategy has become a priority for many businesses and their associations. Given the global trends of fast-growing rate of education sector and business clusters development, the purpose of this research is to provide theoretical substantiation of the need to create innovative industrial clusters as a strategic framework for building the backbone principles to ensure the enterprise development security. The study results have been accomplished through the application of the systematic approach and the method of analysis and synthesis to identify the controversies in the cluster concept interpretation as well as to reason all pros and cons of innovative industrial clusters creation. An emphasis is put that despite global good practices in building and developing clusters as geographically concentrated groups of interdependent companies, up to date there is no generally accepted definition of an innovative industrial cluster. However, there are a few common features associated with innovative industrial clusters creation and evolution, in particular they are as follows: cooperation and competition among cluster participants; geographical concentration of businesses in one or more regions; positive effects on innovative processes, boosting competition, shaping competences, enhancing information flows as well as contributing to long-term dynamics in the development of relationships in the particular cluster or region as a fundamental background for enterprise security development. A survey on the global trends in the priority areas of cluster formation has demonstrated that in the US, more than half of businesses operate within clusters; in the EU about 38% of its workforce is employed in a cluster-based environment; in the countries of Northern Europe clusters cover up to 90% of businesses. The process of building clusters in Ukrainian realia has certain specifics subject to the differences in the level of economic development of particular region and its industry. A special focus is placed towards the formation of innovative clusters in metal industry based on groups of metal manufacturing companies or their corporations, financial industrial groups, etc. It is emphasised that the Ukrainian metal sector is a national industry leader. The study argues that in modern market environment the formation and further advancement of innovative industrial clusters has become a strategic priority in the context of encouraging innovation and enhancing the industry sectors development in Ukraine.

Chroma Color acquires Plastics Color Corp

Development of the face is regulated by a large number of genes that are expressed in temporally and spatially specific patterns. While significant progress has been made on characterizing the genes that operate in the oral region of the face, those regulating development of the aboral (lateral) region remain largely unknown. Recently, we discovered that transcription factors LIM homeobox (LHX) 6 and LHX8, which are key regulators of oral development, repressed the expression of the genes encoding forkhead box transcription factors, Foxp1 and Foxp2, in the oral region. To gain insights into the potential role of the Foxp genes in region-specific development of the face, we examined their expression patterns in the first pharyngeal arch (primordium for the jaw) of mouse embryos at a high spatial and temporal resolution.Foxp1 and Foxp2 were preferentially expressed in the aboral and posterior parts of the first pharyngeal arch, including the developing temporomandibular joint. Through double immunofluorescence and double fluorescent RNA in situ hybridization, we found that Foxp1 was expressed in the progenitor cells for the muscle, bone, and connective tissue. Foxp2 was expressed in subsets of bone and connective tissue progenitors but not in the myoblasts. Neither gene was expressed in the dental mesenchyme nor in the oral half of the palatal shelf undergoing extensive growth and morphogenesis. Together, we demonstrated for the first time that Foxp1 and Foxp2 are expressed during craniofacial development. Our data suggest that the Foxp genes may regulate development of the aboral and posterior regions of the jaw.

Farm Productivity and Rural Poverty in Uttar Pradesh: A Regional Perspective

The agricultural productivity levels and variations in agricultural performance have been analysed across districts and regions in the state of Uttar Pradesh with the aim of identifying factors that affect land and labour productivity and in turn, rural poverty. The performance of agriculture in Uttar Pradesh has been found to vary considerably across districts and regions and has strong linkages and implications for poverty reduction. Irrigation and fertilizer-use are the major determinants of the level and variations of agricultural productivity in the state. Econometric analysis has indicated strong linkages between agricultural productivity and poverty. An increase of 10 per cent in land productivity would reduce poverty by 4.3 per cent. The dependence of workers on agriculture has shown inverse relationship and 10 per cent reduction in labour force could result in 7.7 per cent reduction in poverty. The study has highlighted the need for strengthening the non-farm employment and income opportunities along with improved farm productivity through resource diversification towards high-value crops like fruits and vegetables. Region-specific development strategies of generating non-farm activities along with improving land productivity are required for reducing rural poverty in Uttar Pradesh. The policy imperatives include public investment in irrigation and incentives to encourage agricultural diversification and intensive-use of inputs like fertilizer.

Accessibility in the regional CGE framework: the effects of major transport infrastructure investments in Poland

Since its EU accession, Poland has invested strongly in the development of fast road transport network. As a result, the total length of modern, high-speed roads has increased from around 500 km in 2005 to over 3000 km in 2015. Yet, while the positive impact of transport infrastructure investment on overall accessibility is unquestionable there are no studies that assess its influence on economic development of particular regions. This paper applies a regional dynamic CGE model to measure the effects of big transport infrastructure investments in Polish NUTS2 regions. We use data on both investment spending and accessibility improvement (expressed as a reduction in transport margins) in order to distinguish between possible short and long term impacts. We find that there exist significant disparities in the impact between regions with high share of major road infrastructure investment undertaken by private investors and the ones that relied fully on public funding. In the case of the former, the lack of analyzed investment would lead to relatively significant decrease in real GDP or average employment. In the case of the latter, the impact of major road infrastructure investment is almost negligible.

Africa rising? A historical perspective

Sub-Saharan Africa's recent economic boom has raised hopes and expectations to lift the regions' 'bottom millions' out of poverty by 2030. How realistic is that goal? We approach this question by comparing the experiences of three front-runners of region-specific development trajectories - Britain's capital-intensive, Japan's labour-intensive, and Ghana's land-extensive growth path, highlighting some historical analogies that are relevant for Africa, but often overlooked in the current 'Africa rising' debate. We draw particular attention to Africa's demographic boom and the possibilities for a quick transition to labour-intensive export-led industrialization. Although our exercise in diachronic comparative history offers little hope for poverty eradication by 2030, we do see broadened opportunities for sustained African economic growth in the longer term.

Quality of project financed by the European Union structural funds

The European Union structural funds even out the chances of development of particular regions in the European Union. Entities applying for additional financing from structural funds for various actions implemented in a form of projects must meet specific criteria. For this reason, the quality of prepared and implemented projects is of key importance. This paper draws the attention to meeting the requirements of a project at a stage of its preparation and implementation, taking into account the formal, contents-oriented and technical criteria and application of methodology of management, for effective absorption of European Union structural funds.

Local Area Development through Hydropower Project: A Case Study of Parbati Hydro-electric Project Stage-III (520MW) in Kullu District of Himachal Pradesh India

Hydropower is considered as renewable, cheap and pollution free source of energy in comparison to conventional source of energy. The major river system and topographical variation in Indian Himalayan Region(IHR) offer huge hydroelectric potential because of available net head and water discharge. Efforts are being made for sustainable harnessing of hydroelectric potential of IHR to meet the gap between demand and supply of electricity. Most of these hydropower sites are located in remote hilly terrain of IHR with limited infrastructure like access road, market, hospital etc. For timely execution of hydro power projects(HPPs), infrastructure development is required by project proponent at a faster pace. Like any other developmental projects, establishing of HPPs are also associated with some pros and cons however, the benefits of hydro-projects in terms of infrastructure facility such as road, bridge for proper connectivity, job prospects in construction works, market, civic facilities, source of cheap and clean electricity play a pivotal role in socio-economic development of particular region and nation as well.Present study has been conducted for Parbati Hydroelectric Project Stage-III (520MW) constructed on river Sainj in Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh, India. All the Project components are located in Sainj valley of Kullu district, a part of Beas basin in North-western Himalaya. The objective of study is to assess and evaluate the Local area development (LAD) in Sainj valley following the start of construction of Parbati HE Project-III in the Year 2006 by NHPC Limited (a Government of India Enterprise-miniratna). The assessment of local area development is based on comparison of baseline data of Sainj area prior to start of construction of project and data available during construction phase of project followed by reviewing of Govt. policy for Local Area Development Fund (LADF) in project affected area and consultation with people from project affected gram-panchayats located in the vicinity of construction sites to know their perception about the role of Parbati hydroelectric Project Stage-III in local area development of Sainj valley. The result of study shows that there is substantial increase in developmental activities in and around the project area due to the construction of Parbati HE Project-III. Particularly, infrastructural development (road-bridge) led to improvement in communication and accessibility of villages (Manham, Banau, Sapangini,Talara) in Sainj valley, better transport facility for horticulture products of farmers in Sainj valley to nearby market located on NH-21. The prospects of job opportunities in Project construction works, ancillary activities and in petty contract works also improved. Implementation of community development Schemes of NHPC led to availability of additional medical facilities, educational facility in Govt. Schools and development of socio-cultural aspects (Crematorium, melaground, toilets,watersupply etc) in Sainj valley are attributed to the construction of Parbati HEP-III. During construction phase of the project, in compliance to Govt. policy for LADF @ 1.5% of project cost allocated for execution of developmental works resulted in source of specific fund for development opportunity in Project affected area(PAA) in the valley and nearby areas. Out of total LADF for PAA, 60% was shared equally among three project affected gram-panchayats and remaining 40% among 04 gram-panchayats for taking-up developmental works by resolution of Gram-Shaba and local area development Committee(LADC). Also, during operational phase of Project, the provision of LADF @ 1% share of free power and revenue equivalent to 12% share of free power to State Govt. of Himachal Pradesh from Parbati HEP-III on annual basis through-out the life span of project are continuous source of financial gain from Parbati HEP-III which will act as a stimulus for development.

Soil pH as the chief modifier for regional nitrous oxide emissions: New evidence and implications for global estimates and mitigation.

Nitrous oxide (N2 O) is a greenhouse gas that also plays the primary role in stratospheric ozone depletion. The use of nitrogen fertilizers is known as the major reason for atmospheric N2 O increase. Empirical bottom-up models therefore estimate agricultural N2 O inventories using N loading as the sole predictor, disregarding the regional heterogeneities in soil inherent response to external N loading. Several environmental factors have been found to influence the response in soil N2 O emission to N fertilization, but their interdependence and relative importance have not been addressed properly. Here, we show that soil pH is the chief factor explaining regional disparities in N2 O emission, using a global meta-analysis of 1,104 field measurements. The emission factor (EF) of N2 O increases significantly (p<.001) with soil pH decrease. The default EF value of 1.0%, according to IPCC (Intergovernmental Panelon Climate Change) for agricultural soils, occurs at soil pH 6.76. Moreover, changes in EF with N fertilization (i.e. ΔEF) is also negatively correlated (p<.001) with soil pH. This indicates that N2 O emission in acidic soils is more sensitive to changing N fertilization than that in alkaline soils. Incorporating our findings into bottom-up models has significant consequences for regional and global N2 O emission inventories and reconciling them with those from top-down models. Moreover, our results allow region-specific development of tailor-made N2 O mitigation measures in agriculture.

Spatial variation in the hemoglobin phase of oxygenation and deoxygenation in the developing cortex of infants.

Spontaneous low-frequency oscillatory changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxy-Hb) are observed using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). A previous study showed that the time-averaged phase difference between oxy-Hb and deoxy-Hb changes, referred to as hemoglobin phase of oxygenation and deoxygenation (hPod), is sensitive to the development of the cortex. We examined phase-locking index of hPod, referred to as [Formula: see text], in addition to hPod, in neonates and 3- and 6-month-old infants using the 94-channel fNIRS data, which covered large lateral regions of the cortex. The results showed that (1)developmental changes in hPod exhibited spatial dependency; (2)[Formula: see text] increased between the neonate group and 3-month-old infant group over the posterior, but not anterior, regions of the cortex; and (3) the cortical regions of each age group were clustered in several domains with specific characteristics of hPod and [Formula: see text]. This study indicates that the neonatal cortex is composed of regions with specific characteristics of hPod and [Formula: see text], and drastic changes occur between the neonatal period and 3 months of age. This study suggests that hPod and [Formula: see text] are sensitive to the cortical region-specific development of the circulatory, blood flow, metabolic, and neurovascular functions in young infants.

Emergy-based sustainability assessment on natural resource utilization in 30 Chinese provinces

China is experiencing rapid development and suffering from resource depletion and increasing environmental emissions. It is necessary to identify the key patterns of resource use in different Chinese regions so that more appropriate solutions can be raised. Under such a circumstance, the aim of this paper is to scientifically measure and evaluate the sustainability of natural resources utilization of 30 Chinese provinces for the year of 2007 by adopting a bio-perspective method-emergy analysis. After referring to the traditional emergy accounting method, several emergy-based indicators were established to evaluate resource flows, structure, efficiency and the overall sustainable level of different Chinese regions. Furthermore, by employing GIS technology, spatial distribution of natural resources was presented to illustrate emergy consumption with various regional characteristics in 30 Chinese provinces, which may help better understand regional disparities of resource utilization. The results show that regions with most emergy consumption include Shanxi (2.07E+24sej) and Shandong (2.07E+24sej), and most regions with higher resource consumption locate in east China, while less developed region Qinghai has the highest sustainability level, with ESI being 44.82. Another key finding is that renewable resources were very important to sustainability development, and a large amount of consumption on non-renewable resources led to higher environmental press on local and surrounding ecosystems. Sustainable resource use can only be achieved by reducing total resource use, encouraging technology innovation, initiating institutional reform and preparing region-specific development strategies.

Expression of forkhead box transcription factor genes Foxp1 and Foxp2 during jaw development

Development of the face is regulated by a large number of genes that are expressed in temporally and spatially specific patterns. While significant progress has been made on characterizing the genes that operate in the oral region of the face, those regulating development of the aboral (lateral) region remain largely unknown. Recently, we discovered that transcription factors LIM homeobox (LHX) 6 and LHX8, which are key regulators of oral development, repressed the expression of the genes encoding forkhead box transcription factors, Foxp1 and Foxp2, in the oral region. To gain insights into the potential role of the Foxp genes in region-specific development of the face, we examined their expression patterns in the first pharyngeal arch (primordium for the jaw) of mouse embryos at a high spatial and temporal resolution.Foxp1 and Foxp2 were preferentially expressed in the aboral and posterior parts of the first pharyngeal arch, including the developing temporomandibular joint. Through double immunofluorescence and double fluorescent RNA in situ hybridization, we found that Foxp1 was expressed in the progenitor cells for the muscle, bone, and connective tissue. Foxp2 was expressed in subsets of bone and connective tissue progenitors but not in the myoblasts. Neither gene was expressed in the dental mesenchyme nor in the oral half of the palatal shelf undergoing extensive growth and morphogenesis. Together, we demonstrated for the first time that Foxp1 and Foxp2 are expressed during craniofacial development. Our data suggest that the Foxp genes may regulate development of the aboral and posterior regions of the jaw.

Is the East Following the West or its own Destiny for Industrial Development? A Research Agenda based on Supply-Chain Integration

We seek to set up a research agenda around the question of whether companies in emerging economies in Asia are following the same industrial development path as those in developed countries. In particular, we compare supply chain integration in these economies through examples of companies known for their supply chain expertise and explore if and how supply-chain integration is different for these companies. These examples indicate that companies in emerging economies in Asia might be focusing on the customer or the front end of the supply chain for integration efforts while those in developed economies might be focusing on the supply or the back end of the supply chain. To explain these or other differences, we provide alternative research hypothesis based on the notion of development cycle and on region-specific development, along with related research questions for further research and their different policy implications.opportunities facing the supply chain of the future and describes the various effects these issues have on supply chain design, management, and integration.