Development Of Outer Space Research Articles

Science, technology and imaginable social and behavioral impacts as outer space develops

The main body of international law governing outer space, the Outer Space Treaty of 1967, requires that all people benefit from space activities and it mandates equality and sharing of outer space resources for all people from all nations. Yet, only a few experts have the knowledge and information regarding colonization of the final frontier. The space community is eager to engage and involve the global community in the development of outer space. However, people do not seem to have the information needed to make them care about the development of outer space. Most people still seem to view space travel, asteroid mining and other space activities as exotic and far out. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to discuss a unique pedagogical approach to help mend the knowledge gaps and to suggest the possibility of preventing inequality gaps from emerging as outer space is developed. To achieve equality in outer space for future generations, we must begin formulating a contagious desire for knowledge and a universal consciousness regarding newly emerging trends.We are suggesting that more students, at all levels, be introduced to space studies as part of their overall required curriculum. We are further suggesting that all people in all nations be exposed to the knowledge and information concerning the development of outer space. The emerging phenomena include private space travel, asteroid mining, building architecture and infrastructure, interstellar travel, and space life support systems for off Earth habitation.Right now, people have the power to engage themselves in meaningful ways to all the new industries that will need their necessary support. People can learn and enhance their knowledge to forge ahead in this industry by implementing their relevant skill-sets. In particular, young people and students can learn just about anything if provided the access to free and affordable information. Thus this paper suggests that a wide range of K-12 students, university students, scholars and everyday people be exposed to information in this regard. However, currently there is a tendency to expose an exclusive science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) students in a few countries, to space studies themes.

Viewing Architectural Design as an Impetus to Spur Outer Space Development

Viewing Architectural Design as an Impetus to Spur Outer Space Development

Science, Technology and the Social Impacts of Outer Space Development: A Pedagogical Approach to Sponsor Equality of Knowledge and Opportunity

Science, Technology and the Social Impacts of Outer Space Development: A Pedagogical Approach to Sponsor Equality of Knowledge and Opportunity

The development of outer space: sovereignty and property rights in international space law

This account of the evolution of outer space law examines key issues that fuel the debates over sovereignty and property rights designed to govern the future colonization and use of heavenly bodies other than our own. * 15 illustrations

Первые шаги международного сотрудничества в исследовании и освоении космоса (1957–1987 гг.)

Первые шаги международного сотрудничества в исследовании и освоении космоса (1957–1987 гг.)

A lunar exploration architecture using lunar libration point one

Future space exploration activities very likely will incorporate a large number of human missions to various locations on the Moon surface and other destinations near the Earth–Moon system. A wide range of space infrastructure elements will be required in low Earth orbit and waypoints to these destinations. It is reasonable to start assembly and mission logistics from today's frequently used near-Earth orbits, such as the orbit of the International Space Station (ISS). This allows for using launch systems and other infrastructure elements currently available in order to reduce costs. Besides new transfer, ascent and re-entry vehicles as well as planetary surface installations, space stations beyond low Earth orbit, namely in the Earth–Moon system, can be crucial elements for forthcoming exploration missions. The lunar Lagrange points have unique advantages in this context and offer promising options for the humans' next steps into space. As shown in this paper, a lunar space station (LSS) is not too farfetched; and it is definitely not science fiction but rather the next logical step for solar system exploration. Like a stepping-stone, it could enable the immediate start of sustained development of outer space with technologies available today. The proposed lunar exploration architecture targets at an LSS at the lunar Lagrange point 1 to be used as a gateway for mid-term lunar surface exploration missions or servicing missions to other destinations. For study purposes the challenging constraint of only using existing and tailored infrastructure elements and technology of European/Russian heritage is assumed. The results manifest the feasibility of such a space station between 2015 and 2020. Presented are station configuration and modules, transfer vehicles for assembly, crew and cargo transport, an enhanced life support system and a logistics concept. The concept outlines enhancements of the current transportation and station infrastructure and shows that the ISS as a transportation node can beneficially support lunar scenarios.

Viewpoint: Feeling the Pinch: Societal Slack and Space Development

At first glance the early twenty-first century is a surprisingly auspicious time for the development of outer space, even if one limits the field to manned space flight. China successfully conducte...

The Orbiting Unification Ring-Space Peace Sculptures: Progress Report on Global Art in Space

The authors discuss the progress of the Orbiting Unification Ring-Space Peace Sculptures (OURSPS), a project of the OURS Foundation. The OUR-SPS have been designed in accord with both the astronomical sign of the planet Earth and an ancient sign of peace and unity. The sculptures also communicate to a global audience that the development of outer space is not only beneficial but also crucial to the well-being of the planet. Specific developments discussed include the evolution of launch arrangements with the space agencies of the United States and the USSR, the selection of contractors and technology and the broadening of artistic collaboration and public awareness through events and exhibitions. Today we understand that at our level of industrialization and social development we are united by nature, and there is no more meaning to the words ‘mine’ and 'yours’. We must use a new word—'ours’. When we cosmonauts go out into space, this word ‘ours ’ unites us. Valentin Ledebev, Soviet cosmonaut on Salyut 7

The values and morality of scientists: some unresolved problems

Science in America was not originally thought of as a secular activity, but rather as the innerworldly expression of the calling of the devout Protestant. For the Puritan or Calvinist, a ministry included, in addition to the cure of souls, a search for the perfection of life in this world. Scientific research in agronomy, medicine or the industrial crafts were theologically grounded in a calling from God to do His work on earth?an attitude that Max Weber termed a "this-worldly" orientation to salvation; to be called to one's work gave a religious meaning to worldly activities. One's work as a minister of the faith or as a scientist would be judged by its worthiness (in Calvinist terms its warrantability) in fulfilling God's design, as opposed to fulfilling the design of the devil.1 One's worthiness for salvation through vocation, however, could only be measured by an inscrutable God who alone understood His ultimate design for men on earth. All work, both humble and elevated, could be warrantable provided it made a contribution to the community. The believer, therefore, was made all the more anxious that his work meet God's measure. In this logic the minister, engineer, scientist, and entrepreneur acted as God's stewards on earth. Their knowledge, talent, or wealth belonged not to them; rather, it was owed by them as service to God and must be used to help achieve the Kingdom of God on earth. Not only work but life itself were given meaning and purpose by their linkage to other-worldly salvation. Inherent to a "this-worldly" orientation to salvation is a drive to achieve mastery of oneself (self-control, self-actualization, growth, achievement, the exhortation to become better and better, day by day)2 and of the world (control of nature, rational organization of labor, rational efficiency in all forms of production). Such drives to mastery have released the vast human energies which in modern industrial civilization have transformed the face of the earth. Science, technology, industry, electronic communi? cation, nuclear power and the exploration and development of outer space are the ultimate consequences of the works of men and women striving to create a more perfect world by rational means. Politics, Culture, and Society 471 ? 1988 Human Sciences Press Volume 1, Number 3, Spring 1988

Collaboration of Comecon Countries in the Protection of the Environment and the Utilization of Natural Resources

In the course of development and intensification of socialist economic integration, the collaboration of COMECON member nations is encompassing more and more new, important spheres. In keeping with the decisions of the Twenty-Seventh Session of COMECON (1973), considerable expansion is envisaged in their multilateral collaboration in environmental protection and the directly associated rational utilization of natural resources and energy resources, and in the investigation and development of outer space and the oceans of the world.