Development Of Organizational Competencies Research Articles

‘Challenging Stereotypes’ as a Core Competence in Creative Entrepreneurship: Insights from ArtiShock Theatre, Kazakhstan

Although scholarly interest in creative entrepreneurship (also known as cultural industry) is gaining traction, the development of organizational competences beyond the creative offerings have remained underexplored. Such omission is surprising as an organization in creative industry cannot be solely dependent on creative offerings. It needs to focus on other aspects of business. To explore the possible link between product creativity and business model, we conduct a study on ArtiShock Theatre—Kazakhstan’s first independent theatre. Our study suggests that a creative enterprise can address both competition and environmental shocks through the process consisting of exploratory re-forming, experimental organizing leading to the development of ‘challenging stereotypes’ as a core competence. Our study shows that such core competence might be evolved into a dynamic capability to handle environmental changes.

Towards an understanding of organizational learning processes in development of competences

Purpose – to analyze the process of organizational learning in development of organizational competences in two educational institutions that offer Higher Technological Education Courses in Brazil.
 Design/Method/Approach. As for the methodology, the nature of the research is exploratory, with a qualitative approach, and a multiple case study method.
 Findings. The results made it possible to conclude that there was a learning process at the organizational level, as new knowledge and new practices had been institutionalized. Based on the data found in each case, it was possible to certify that some competences can be built and others eliminated, shaping the dynamic character of the process.
 Theoretical implications. It was possible to corroborate the model used (Patriotta, 2003) and propose advances to it, towards an understanding of organizational learning processes in the development of organizational competences.
 Practical implications. The manager can see competences in dynamics, changing over time and in the context of the organization, according to the events and changes in their objectives, intentions, and strategies.
 Originality/Value. We found that organizational learning is the result of the acquisition of a competence that represents this process. Using a metaphor, it was found that the competences of an organization represent the 'DNA' of the organizational learning.
 Research limitations/Future research. This paper analyzed two cases only and new case studies are needed to characterize more fully on these results.
 Paper type – empirical.

Organizational competency in urban water infrastructure asset management

This paper presents an organizational performance measurement framework for guiding the development of organizational competencies to manage water infrastructure assets. The framework was validated through interviews and surveys with professionals. The framework includes three major dimensions for competency: technical activities, organizational management, and information and knowledge management. Across these levels, it presents 11 core critical success factors. It also provides a set of quantitative performance measures for municipal asset management teams and organizations. The framework serves as means to guide public policy makers in establishing policies and guidelines for enhancing municipal capacity in project management in the context of infrastructure assets. It also can help municipalities in defining gaps and areas of improvement. The framework is not intended to be universal. No model can make this claim given the drastic differences in legal and political setting in different jurisdictions. The proposed framework, however, can serve as a benchmark for other work in related contexts.

Global Health Policy.

From the Editor-In-Chief Health AffairsVol. 36, No. 11: Global Health Policy Global Health PolicyAlan R. WeilPUBLISHED:November 2017Free Accesshttps://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.1347AboutSectionsView PDFPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsDownload Exhibits TOPICSDiseasesSystems of careDiabetesGlobal healthPrimary careChildren's healthCost reductionNo matter what may divide countries, when it comes to health we have much in common. The burden of disease is shifting, efficiency and quality improvement are shared goals, and workforce challenges abound. This month’s Health Affairs covers a broad range of global health policy topics. As health systems make progress tackling communicable diseases and life expectancy has increased, countries face a rising burden of noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Thomas Bollyky and colleagues map the growth of these diseases against each country’s health system functioning. They conclude that “countries that are projected to have the greatest increase in their noncommunicable disease burden as a share of health burden are also ranked lowest (least prepared) in our health system capacity index for noncommunicable diseases,” with African nations particularly at risk. As development assistance has increased dramatically over the past two decades, the risk that those funds will be poorly aligned with recipient countries’ goals has also increased. Melisa Martinez-Alvarez and colleagues examine trends in two dimensions of aid effectiveness—alignment with local strategies and harmonization across donor efforts—for reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health funding. The authors found little improvement between 2008 and 2013, and some worsening in the area of alignment. One factor in the lack of progress was the donor organizations’ perceived need for control and accountability. Improving health requires knowing which illnesses cause people to die. India, like most low- and middle-income countries, had good information on cause of death for only the small minority of people who die in the hospital. Mireille Gomes and colleagues report findings from India’s Million Death Study, which relied upon verbal autopsies to gather information regarding the likely cause of death for people who died at home. Among the many interesting findings are that deaths related to smoking and malaria have been significantly underreported, estimates of HIV-related deaths have been far too high, and there has been a substantial incidence of sex-selection abortions. Poorly managed diabetes can lead to inpatient hospital stays—which could have been avoided with receipt of appropriate primary care. Jianchao Quan and colleagues analyze avoidable admissions from diabetes complications in Japan, Singapore, Hong Kong, and communities outside Beijing. Overall spending and preventable admission rates increased during 2008–13, but significant improvement was observed in Japan and Beijing. The authors’ results “provide empirical evidence to support the hypothesis that a higher number of…outpatient visits in a given year is correlated with a lower likelihood of a diabetes-related avoidable hospital admission in the following year.” Innovation This issue includes papers on the effects of a broad array of innovations. Adriane Wynn and colleagues show the value of community health workers in South Africa. Duncan Maru and colleagues document how a public-private partnership improved maternal, newborn, and child health services in rural Nepal. Aaron Baum and colleagues explain how microfinance institutions can be a mechanism for delivering care in rural Haiti. And Jessica Cohen and colleagues report the results of a randomized controlled trial that nudged pregnant women in Nairobi, Kenya, to deliver in higher-quality facilities. Sharing Lessons Mark McClellan and colleagues apply a framework for accountable care reform to case studies of accountable care models from around the globe. They note the “development of organizational competencies to implement the innovations, alongside payment and other policy reforms that enable the innovations to succeed and be sustained.” Achieving the promise of universal health coverage requires having the workforce to meet the health needs of the population. Arthika Sripathy and colleagues point out that “a system that focuses solely on producing greater numbers of trained health care workers is not enough.” Based upon case studies from Thailand, Brazil, and India, they explain that addressing workforce shortages depends upon providing appropriate incentives through the entire professional education pipeline. In the search for ways to save money, high-income countries have become more interested in innovations developed in resource-constrained settings, sometimes called frugal innovation. Yasser Bhatti and colleagues create case studies of innovations and analyze them for the lessons they yield. Common features of frugal innovations are use of lower-cost settings and providers, improved communication with patients, and the use of simple processes and organizational structures. Acknowledgment Health Affairs thanks the Qatar Foundation and its World Innovation Summit for Health, Imperial College London, Sidra Medical and Research Center, and Hamad Medical Corporation for their support of this issue. Loading Comments... Please enable JavaScript to view the comments powered by Disqus. DetailsExhibitsReferencesRelated Article Metrics History Published online 6 November 2017 Information© 2017 Project HOPE—The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.PDF download

An heuristic genetic algorithm for strategic university tuition planning and workload balancing

The typical tuition planning challenge that universities face is to optimize students’ and teachers’ timetables on a weekly basis. While crucial for operational arrangement of tuition, such short-term planning is often done in relative isolation from longer-term strategic considerations, such as organizational competence development. This article presents an heuristic method, based on genetic algorithms, for long-term strategic planning of tuition for multi-year university degree programmes, at the semester level. The proposed method attempts to produce such a tuition schedule that satisfies given pre-requisite knowledge constraints, while honouring teacher-specific preferences, such that the workload across the teachers is as uniform as possible. The proposed method accommodates many real-world constraints, and can be applied to several distinct student groups advancing in parallel. As an application, the proposed method is used for optimizing the tuition schedule of a mechanical engineering degree programme at a Finnish university.

Organizational Competence Development in Two Public Agencies in the Netherlands

This article describes the results of a comparative case study of two competence development trajectories within Dutch public administration organizations. These two trajectories are rather different: One can be seen as a more theory-driven training approach whereas the other can be seen as practice-driven coaching. Their theoretical distinctions are elaborated upon, and the ways in which these differences impact upon their contributions to individual and organizational learning processes are analyzed. The article concludes with some observations on the relative value of both approaches as well as some conclusions about the ways in which the two approaches can strengthen each other and enhance individual and organizational learning.

Kompetensi Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi Perguruan Tinggi

Indonesian universities face internal and external challenges that need to be answered with the proper implementation of competitive strategy, especially for the development of organizational competencies needed in the future. This paper describes the importance of higher education having the competence of information and communication technology (ICT) which is strategic and operational as well as success indicators for the competency.

ESTRATÉGIA, ESTRUTURA E COMPETÊNCIAS: TRÊS EMPRESAS DE SERVIÇOS EM SAÚDE

The article concerns the analysis of three health service plan companies based on a self management mode. Their strategies, organizational structures and managerial skills are reviewed, on the light of the concepts found in the literature. The structures, guidelines and clients’ satisfaction are described through the analysis of documents and interviews with its main managers. These concepts were checked how they are understood and used concerning the relations among the operators and their service providers and beneficiaries. The literature points at the coherence, consistency and alignment among the concepts of strategy, structure and managerial skills as a way to increase the competitiveness and development of organizational competences. Some lacks can be found in the theoretical explanation of these relations. The performance indicators and strategic map do not appear as organized tools of analysis and evaluation of their strategies. These tools are partly used by the operators, in a non-systematic way. There was found theoretical limits in the explanation of the concepts when they are applied in the reviewed cases. KEYWORDS Strategy, structure, managerial competences, organizational competences, health service plan companies.

Conceptualizing Innovation Orientation: A Framework for Study and Integration of Innovation Research*

The term innovation orientation has been frequently used in the innovation literature, but with a mix of conceptualizations and meanings. Drawing from work found in the innovation, management, and marketing literatures over the past 35 years, the concept of innovation orientation as a system is conceptualized and defined in this article. The domain of innovation orientation is delineated as a multidimensional knowledge structure and a framework for understanding innovation orientation and its consequences in an organizational context are developed. The framework defines the innovation orientation knowledge structure as composed of a learning philosophy, strategic direction, and transfunctional beliefs within an organization that define and direct the organizational strategies and actions toward specific innovation‐enabling competencies and processes. These innovation‐oriented firm competencies are in the areas of resource allocation, technology, employees, operations, and markets. The framework then explains that these appropriately developed innovation‐enabling competencies lead to innovation outcomes, specifically ideal innovation form, type, and rate that, in turn, affect firm performance. An inventory of propositions for future research that correspond to the innovation orientation concept is also presented in this comprehensive framework. This study provides two important contributions to the existing innovation literature. First, the article examines the vast innovation literature to arrive at a clear definition of the innovation orientation construct to provide a consistent conceptualization for future research. Second, the article develops a comprehensive, organized framework for understanding innovation orientation and its effects. In doing this, the framework extends the dynamic capabilities research stream by offering an explanation of how innovation orientation fosters the development of organizational competencies and makes it possible for a firm to recognize and respond to shifts in market dynamism.

Desenvolvendo um framework para estudar a ação organizacional: das competências ao modelo organizacional

Representar, entender e explicar a ação organizacional tem sido tema de muitos estudos e pesquisas. O presente trabalho se une a este esforço, como uma contribuição dentro da Teoria de Gestão de Operações. O entendimento das relações causais entre estratégia, estrutura e desempenho ainda ocupa um espaço importante dentro da agenda da área de 'Estratégia e Organizações'. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar os pressupostos teóricos de um framework de referência que possa ser utilizado na construção de modelos organizacionais, cujo objetivo orienta-se ao estudo da ação organizacional nas medidas da sua estruturação, implementação e desempenho. A abordagem utilizada é a estruturalista e incorporam-se também elementos da abordagem baseada em recursos e capacitações, dentro de um enfoque centrado no desenvolvimento de competências organizacionais. O framework apresentado baseia-se na metáfora do hipertexto e inter-relaciona as dimensões dos processos organizacionais, das estruturas organizacionais e o contexto dos espaços organizacionais. Destacam-se a incorporação da dimensão espaço na estrutura do framework, o enfoque estruturalista fundamentado na definição de 'forma' e a arquitetura em hipertexto para a integração das dimensões. O framework desenvolvido articula e representa a coordenação horizontal e vertical das atividades e processos de forma integrada e coerente, no contexto da gestão participativa e da gestão do conhecimento.