Development Of Negative Attitudes Research Articles

Teachers' Perspectives: Factors Causing Negative Personality Development in Students

The psychology and personality of pupils or children in elementary school became one of the interesting issues to work on. This issue relates to the children’s mental health and their personality development. Students in the elementary school are capable of absorbing everything around them, just like a sponge. Therefore, a good example of personality and the other way around can make up the students’ personality development, starting from an early age until they are adult enough to make their own personality through their wise sight. This case study aims to describe the students’ personalities; focusing on the factors that caused the development of negative attitudes. The results showed that there are four points or factors that developed negative attitudes: 1) parents 2) technology 3) friends 4) bullying.
 Keywords: attitudes psychology, social, elementary students

Polskie społeczeństwo wobec uchodźców wojennych z Ukrainy

Attitudes of Polish society towards war refugees from Ukraine Upon a mass influx of Ukrainian war refugees to Poland, initially positive attitudes were gradually accompanied by negative stances. this article aims to characterize the attitudes of the Polish society towards Ukrainian war refugees, and identify the areas where dysfunctions emerge due to the ar rival of a large group of war refugees. the study also demonstrates the factors associated with the development of negative attitudes towards the war refugees. empirical material for this research is derived from survey research carried out with the use of the Ariadna panel. the respondents were selected using stratified-random sampling. the research sample consisted of 1141 respondents from all regions in Poland. the survey was conducted with the use of the Computer-Assisted Web Interview (CAWI) technique. the results of the study indicate that one-third of the respondents hold negative attitudes towards the refugees. the respondents stated that the arrival of Ukrainian war refugees in Poland would have a negative impact on the housing market, increase in the prices of goods and services and the condition of healthcare services. Factors such as poor financial status, younger age, the conviction of a decrease in one’s social status, a diminished sense of security, subjective experience of anomie, lack of trust and neuroticism significantly impact the attitudes of the surveyed Poles towards the war refugees from Ukraine.

Career Mathways: evaluating a novel initiative aimed at enhancing students’ attitudes towards and appreciation of mathematics

Abstract The power and value of mathematics cannot be underestimated in today’s society. Thus, it is pertinent that education systems worldwide help students to develop an appreciation of the subject. However, research has shown that students often lose interest in science, technology, engineering and mathematics subjects, particularly mathematics, as they cannot see the relevance of it in their lives. This, in turn, leads to the development of negative attitudes towards mathematics, which have been shown to have a knock-on effect on students’ academic performance, their participation and engagement with and motivation for the subject. The purpose of this paper is to describe and evaluate the impact of an innovative programme, known as Career Mathways, designed to improve secondary school students’ attitudes towards mathematics by highlighting the applicability and usefulness of the subject in a multitude of careers. Career Mathways was piloted in five Irish secondary schools in the 2018/2019 academic year. It involved professionals (n = 13) from a variety of industries sharing insights with students (n = 156) and teachers (n = 6) about how they use mathematics in their day-to-day working lives. Based on these insights, a suite of resources for use in the classroom was developed and implemented with students across the five schools. This paper reports on the impact that this pilot study had on students’ attitudes towards mathematics. The results from pre- and post-student surveys and teacher interviews show that Career Mathways had a moderate but positive influence on students’ appreciation of the usefulness of mathematics and this impact was more profound among lower-achieving students.

Knowledge about Epilepsy among Patients under Community Care

Introduction. Insufficient knowledge and misconception about epilepsy causes the development of negative attitudes towards epilepsy patients, increases stigmatization and psychosocial problems, and consequently affects their quality of life.Aim. The aim of the study was to assess the state of knowledge of primary care patients on epilepsy.Material and Methods. The study included a group of 149 patients from three primary health care facilities in the city of Bydgoszcz. The study population consisted of 99 women (66%) and 50 men (34%). Adults predominated, the mean age of the respondents was 43.91 years (SD = 13.03). The research used the method of diagnostic survey, the research tool was the original questionnaire. The research was carried out in a correlation model. The non-parametric Spearman rank test was used to determine the significance of the relationship between demographic variables and knowledge about epilepsy. The significance level p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results. The bast majority of respondents (97%) have heard about epilepsy in their lives and believe that they have knowledge about this disease (90%) and know the main cause (76%). Moreover, most of the respondents (96%, 97%) know that during an attack, the patient should be safely positioned and their head protected against injuries. Unfortunately, only 47% of the respondents were ready to help the sick.Conclusions. Most of the respondents have heard about epilepsy in their lifetime and believe they have knowledge of epilepsy. More than half of the respondents witnessed an epileptic seizure. Readiness to provide first aid during an epileptic seizure is declared by nearly half of the respondents. The vast majority of respondents accept people with epilepsy in the work environment as well as in the social environment. There is a relationship between gender, age and education, and some aspects of knowledge about epilepsy and the presented opinion about the disease. (JNNN 2021;10(3):105–111)

Medical Students' Attitudes toward Self-harm, and Curricular Influences on Attitude Development.

The authors explore attitudes that first and final year medical students have toward self-harm, and examine how the curriculum may influence the development of these attitudes. Six focus groups, involving a total of 21 medical students, were used to explore the objectives. Thematic framework analysis was used to analyze the data through iterative development of a coding framework and identification of themes. Medical students demonstrated simultaneously positive and negative attitudes. Students reported minimal exposure to self-harm through the formal curriculum and being exposed to negative attitudes exhibited by healthcare professionals through the informal curriculum. Students felt that self-harm was not as important as other subjects competing for their attention in their curriculum. Many students were discouraged by healthcare staff from seeing people who self-harm, in particular on psychiatry placements. The hidden curriculum may be encouraging negative attitudes toward people who self-harm; students learn that self-harm is "not important." Findings from this study identify how the curriculum might influence the development of negative attitudes toward self-harm. Students would benefit from being encouraged to interact with people who self-harm and then having the opportunity to discuss the emotions these interactions create.

COVID-19 and Psychological Health of Female Saudi Arabian Population: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic is unprecedented on physical and mental health. This study aimed to determine the impact of the COVID-19 event on mental health among Saudi Arabian females of Riyadh by a cross-sectional study design. The samples of the study were recruited using convenience and snowball sampling methods. The questionnaire is composed of items related to sociodemographic profile, general mental status, negative attitude scale, impact of event (COVID-19 pandemic) scale (R) and negative health impact. The data obtained were analyzed using multivariate regression analysis. Out of the 797 samples (34.58 ± 12.89 years), 457 (57.34%) belonged to an age group of ≥25 years. The average BMI of the participants was 26.73 (kg/m2). Significantly (p = 0.000), a large proportion of the participants were overweight and unemployed. Age group (>25 years) have more odds for abnormal mental status (OR; 1.592), development of negative attitudes (OR; 1.986), the intense impact of COVID-19 events (OR; 1.444) and susceptibility to attain negative health impacts (OR; 1.574). High body weight is another risk factor for altered mental status, negative attitude and developing impact of COVID-19 quickly. Overall, the COVID-19 pandemic was directly associated with stress (53%), anxiety (63%) and depression (44%) in our sample population. There is an urgent need for psychological counseling for the distressed population.

English

English language teaching is an area that the Turkish Ministry of Education (MNE) tries to enhance with utmost priority. The 21st century, also known as the Information Age, is an era during which communication is mainly established in English. The main problem encountered by students while learning foreign languages is that teachers focus mostly on correcting grammar mistakes rather than improving communication skills. This has a negative effect on students learning of English and results in the development of negative attitudes among them toward their success in English classes. The aim of this study is to identify how the Boray Technique (BT) affects sixth grade secondary school students’ levels of success in their English classes and their attitudes toward English classes. This study collects and compares students’ English exam scores, attitude scale scores, and the teachers’ opinions about students. The findings of the study showed that BT had a positive effect on both level of success and the attitudes of students toward their English classes.   Key words: English language education, language learning, language teaching, English language classes.

Relationships between knowledge, attitudes, stigma, anxiety and depression, and quality of life in epilepsy: A structural equation modeling

PurposeEpilepsy not only is a medical disorder characterized by seizures, but is also associated with stigma and a neurological disorder that affects quality of life. Insufficient knowledge and misconceptions about epilepsy that causes the development of negative attitudes towards patients with epilepsy increase the stigmatization and psychosocial problems and impact the quality of life. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between epilepsy knowledge, attitude, stigma, anxiety and depression, and quality of life within the framework of structural equation modeling. MethodThis research was carried out between May 2015 and May 2016 at the Epilepsy Outpatient Clinic of Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine. The Epilepsy Knowledge Scale, Epilepsy Attitude Scale, Stigma Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Quality of Life in Epilepsy Scale-10 (QOLIE-10) were used. To determine the relationship between the concepts, research hypotheses were created, and structural equation modeling was made. ResultsTwo hundred five patients were included in the study, 53.7% were women, and the mean age was 32.5. It was found that 72.2% had generalized seizures, and 46.3% had more than one seizure per month. According to our proposed model, knowledge had a moderate relationship with attitude (including stigma) (r = 0.50) that, in turn, had a strong relationship with mental health (r = −0.62) while a moderate relationship with quality of life (r = 0.45). Our findings revealed that proposed model accounted for 20% of the variance in quality of life and 39% of the variance in mental health (anxiety and depression). ConclusionMental health and quality of life of patient with epilepsy are closely related to the knowledge, attitude, and perceived stigma of the patients. Therefore, educating/supporting patients can help increase the mental health and quality of life.

Social rejection during school years and the development of negative attitudes toward minority groups in adulthood

•The current research indicate that a violent act related to early social rejection is rejection of minority groups.•Rejection contributes to low self-esteem in adulthood, which in turn contributes to negative attitudes toward outgroups.•Rejection contributes to minimal relations with outgroups, which in turn contributes to negative attitudes toward them.

Pain management training in undergraduate medical education

The pain curriculum in medical education across the globe is lacking, leaving medical trainees ill prepared to properly assess and design plans to address acute and chronic pain. Poorly managed pain has implications on the individual in the form of psychological, physical, and financial costs, and on the greater healthcare system and economy. Gaps in education have resulted in suboptimal opioid prescribing habits contributing to the current opioid epidemic, and the development of negative attitudes towards patients with chronic pain amongst healthcare providers. Studies researching existing pain education in undergraduate medical education in North America, the United Kingdom, and Europe have identified limited pain teaching, typically incorporated into other courses rather than given a designated place in the curriculum. Several barriers to improving the provision of pain education have been identified, including resource limitations and perceived importance in comparison to other content. Improving pain education in Canada should be a priority given recent updates to the Canadian Guideline for Opioid Therapy and Chronic Noncancer Pain which recommends a decrease to the maximum dose of morphine. Implementing these guidelines will require physicians to have the knowledge and ability to safely taper patients whose opioid doses exceed the upper limit. Enhancing pain education will require an interdisciplinary approach with students developing competence not only in the identification and appropriate management of pain, but learning the communication and motivational interviewing skills to display empathy and compassion when providing care to the chronic pain patient population.

Rural and Urban Students’ Perceptions of and Attitudes toward Brown Bears in Turkey

ABSTRACTMany studies have examined adults’ perceptions of and attitudes toward large carnivores to assess human–wildlife conflict and inform conservation strategies, but there have been few studies concerning children. I studied secondary school students’ perceptions of and attitudes toward brown bears (Ursus arctos) and other large mammals in Turkey via a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire, consisting of 18 questions, was completed by 215 rural and 98 urban secondary school students. Both sets of students liked bears; they were also afraid of them and unsure about living with them in the future. While there were no gender differences in attitudes and perceptions, there were marked differences between urban and rural students. Urban students had less contact with nature, gained more of their knowledge about bears from documentaries, and had less positive attitudes toward bears. They were also more likely to be afraid of species not present in Turkey, for example, anaconda, while rural students were most afraid of wild boars. Factor analysis identified three important themes: familiarity with bears, conservation of bears, and experiencing conflict with bears, which explained 49.8% of the variance in attitudes toward bears. The most important factor for the development of negative attitudes toward bears was personal experience of human–bear conflict, suggesting that measures to reduce human–bear conflict in rural areas may help to sustain students’ positive attitudes toward the conservation of bears.

An Intersectoral Intervention to Prevent Early Alcohol Use in Cuban Adolescents.

To encourage development of negative attitudes toward alcohol use and thus prevent early onset of alcohol use, an intersectoral intervention was conducted from 2014 to 2015 among Cuban adolescents in 14 schools in Havana. The intervention included 312 students (189 girls and 123 boys) aged 14 to 15 years in 10th grade of high school or vocational school. Workshops were conducted using participatory techniques and group dynamics. Qualitative methods were applied, including narrative, desiderative and projective techniques. Indicators included attitudes, motivation, interests and perception of risk. Following the intervention, 82.7% (258/312) of participants reported healthy cultural and recreational interests and 61.9% (193/312) reinforced negative attitudes toward drinking. Such interventions can help prevent early onset of alcohol use in school settings. Given the positive results, the intervention is slated to be reproduced in other Cuban provinces. KEYWORDS Adolescents, prevention, alcoholism, attitudes, Cuba.

Staff attitudes towards young people in looked after accommodation

Purpose – To consider the power of psychological well-being, empathy and coping style in predicting staff attitudes towards young people in looked after accommodation, involved in or at risk of offending behaviour. The purpose of this paper is to understand more about staff attitudes which have a significant role in the care and rehabilitation of this client group. Design/methodology/approach – Psychological well-being, empathy and coping style are discussed in terms of their impact on attitudes towards young people. The predictive power of each factor is considered using multiple regression analysis of participants’ responses on an adapted version of the Attitudes to Prisoners (ATP) scale, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and the Coping Styles Questionnaire (CSQ). Findings – Multiple regression analyses showed that empathic concern (affective empathy) was the only factor predictive of attitudes towards young people. The paper discusses the applied implications for employers, including the possibility of empathy training for staff members and highlights the need for further consideration of the factors impacting on staff attitudes. Practical implications – The outcome suggests that empathy may serve as a protective factor against the development of negative attitudes. This highlights the importance of fostering staff empathy and the possible use of empathy training. Originality/value – The research findings question the robustness of the relationships between staff psychological well-being, empathy, coping styles and attitudes towards their client group. The outcome suggests that empathy may serve as a protective factor against the development of negative attitudes.

Attitudes of Muslim Physicians and Nurses Toward Religious Issues

There is a growing body of evidence that suggests a positive role for religious involvement in physical and mental health. Studies have shown that attitudes of physicians toward religion affect their relationship with patients and their medical decisions, and in this way may ultimately affect treatment outcomes. Attitudes of nurses toward religion could also influence whether or not they address patients' unmet spiritual needs. To assess attitudes of physicians and nurses toward religion and how these attitudes vary by education level and demographic characteristics, a total of 800 physicians, medical students, and nurses from some of the largest hospitals in Tehran, Iran, were approached, of whom 720 completed questionnaires (148 nurses, 572 medical students and physicians). The survey questionnaire included the Duke University Religion Index (DUREL), Hoge Intrinsic Religiosity Scale, a brief measure of Negative Religious Coping (NRCOPE), and the brief Trust/Mistrust in God Scale. Religious attitudes and practices were compared between physicians (medical students and physicians) and nurses. Regression analysis revealed that except for intrinsic religiosity, physicians were not less religious than nurses on any other dimension of religiosity. Training level (year of training) was a predictor of religiosity, with those having less training being the most religious. The findings suggest that there are few religious differences between nurses and physicians in Iran. However, religiosity may become less as the training level increases. Lack of emphasis in training on the important role that religion plays in health care may result in a decrease in religious involvement and the development of negative attitudes toward religion over time (displaced by a focus on the technological aspects of health care).

Depression stigma, race, and treatment seeking behavior and attitudes

This study examined the relationship between internalized and public stigma on treatment-related attitudes and behaviors in a community sample of 449 African American and white adults aged 18 years and older. Telephone surveys were administered to assess level of depressive symptoms, demographic characteristics, stigma, and treatment-related attitudes and behaviors. Multiple regression analysis indicated that internalized stigma mediated the relationship between public stigma and attitudes toward mental health treatment. Within group analyses indicated that the mediating effect of internalized stigma was significant for whites only. Among African Americans, internalized stigma did not mediate public stigma; it was directly related to attitudes toward mental health treatment. The internalization of stigma is key in the development of negative attitudes toward mental health treatment, and future research should focus on this aspect of stigma in both individual and community-based efforts to reduce stigma.

The Effects of Demographic Differences on Forming Intragroup Relationships

Group behavior research suggests that differences among group members cause individuals to interact in ways that may enhance or weaken group performance. Dissimilarities among members may cause the development of negative attitudes about work groups, leading to dysfunctional performance. Network theorists have found that demographic factors influence individuals' tendency to form network ties within their organizations. This article bridges these findings, examining whether work group demographic differences affect a group member's tendency to form network ties with other group members or outside the work unit. In a study of 49 employees at a Midwest consulting firm, individual differences in sex and tenure predicted whether employees interacted within their work groups on advice and friendship dimensions, respectively, but did not affect the establishment of working relationships. Increased group heterogeneity tended to reduce the effect of demographic differences. Longer-service men were more likely to forge relationships within the work group than were short-term or female workers.

Effects of Media Violence on Health-Related Outcomes Among Young Men

To test the effects of media violence exposure on blood pressure, negative affect, hostile social information processing, uncooperative behavior, and attitudes toward health risk behaviors among young men varying in lifetime violence exposure within the home and community. Experimental laboratory study. University campus situated within an urban environment. One hundred male undergraduates aged 18 to 21 years. Men who had previously reported differing amounts of lifetime home and community violence were randomly assigned to play The Simpsons: Hit and Run (low-violence condition) or Grand Theft Auto III (high-violence condition). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure; negative affect; hostile social information processing; uncooperative behavior; and permissive attitudes toward violence, alcohol use, marijuana use, and sexual activity without condom use. Men randomly assigned to play Grand Theft Auto III exhibited greater increases in diastolic blood pressure from a baseline rest period to game play, greater negative affect, more permissive attitudes toward using alcohol and marijuana, and more uncooperative behavior in comparison with men randomly assigned to play The Simpsons. Only among participants with greater exposure to home and community violence, play of Grand Theft Auto III led to elevated systolic blood pressure in comparison with play of The Simpsons (mean, 13 vs 5 mm Hg). Media violence exposure may play a role in the development of negative attitudes and behaviors related to health. Although youth growing up in violent homes and communities may become more physiologically aroused by media violence exposure, all youth appear to be at risk for potentially negative outcomes.

Psychosocial impact of the progress of chronic respiratory disease and long-term domiciliary oxygen therapy

Purpose : The psychosocial impact of the progress of chronic respiratory disease and long-term domiciliary oxygen therapy (LTOT) was examined to develop an appropriate intervention strategy for pulmonary rehabilitation programmes. Methods : Psychosocial factors were investigated using a self-administered questionnaire. A total of 144 patients receiving LTOT were compared with 100 chronic respiratory patients (RES) who were not yet suffering from respiratory failure and therefore not under LTOT, and a control group of 51 healthy subjects (HCS). Results : With the progress of the disease, there was a decrease in daily activities as well as in body mass index. Support of family members and others, life satisfaction, and morale decreased, while the tendency for depression increased significantly. These patterns appeared to begin before initiation of LTOT and worsened in the respiratory failure stage. The negative emotions ranged from 'feeling helpless', 'feeling being a burden and miserable', 'denying LTOT', and 'feeling dependent and anxious'. Conclusions : For pulmonary rehabilitation programmes, an effective intervention strategy that is suggested from this study should address these psychosocial issues at the initiation of LTOT, and follow through with continuous care throughout life under therapy to counter the development of negative attitudes.

Depictions of mental illnesses in children's media

Background: It has been suggested that media portrayals help to perpetuate the negative perceptions and attitudes of the public toward people living with mental illnesses. Children are significant consumers of mass media, and they may be learning about mental illnesses from their exposure to media depictions of those illnesses. Aims: This article is intended to explore how psychiatric disorders are portrayed in children's media. Methods: Studies of the depiction of mental illnesses in children's media are reviewed. Results: Studies of television, films, cartoons, and other media suggest that images and references to mental illnesses are relatively common in children's media and that such images are more often negative than positive ones. The image of persons with psychiatric disorders as unattractive, violent, and criminal, for example, appears common in children's media, and references to mental illnesses are typically used to disparage and ridicule. Conclusions: Although content analyses do not establish impact, it is likely that negative stereotypes are being fostered and that children are learning to respond to people with mental illnesses in avoidant and disparaging ways. Anti-stigma efforts that do not include children and do not address the media images of mental illnesses that foster unfavorable stereotypes may permit continued development of negative attitudes toward people with psychiatric disorders.

Becoming Science Teachers: an evaluation of the initial stages of primary teacher training

This 3‐year evaluation study explores the development of trainee primary teachers’ attitudes toward the teaching and learning of science during the early stages of their professional education. We demonstrate that science is, for many students, a potentially problematic area of the curriculum in which their past learning experiences are particularly prominent in the development of negative attitudes and feelings of apprehension towards the subject. Through a combination of questionnaire data and reflective writing, origins of attitude development and the impact of both course provision and teaching practice are explored at depth. A dichotomy between student expectation and experience of science teaching is demonstrated and the implications of this are examined with respect to the nature of teacher education, course provision and primary partnership initiatives currently being developed between higher education and primary schools.