Development Of Nanotechnology Research Articles

Bacterial imaging in tumour diagnosis.

Some bacteria, such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium), have an inherent ability to locate solid tumours, making them a versatile platform that can be combined with other tools to improve the tumour diagnosis and treatment. In anti-cancer therapy, bacteria function by carrying drugs directly or expressing exogenous therapeutic genes. The application of bacterial imaging in tumour diagnosis, a novel and promising research area, can indeed provide dynamic and real-time monitoring in both pre-treatment assessment and post-treatment detection. Different imaging techniques, including optical technology, acoustic imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nuclear medicine imaging, allow us to observe and track tumour-associated bacteria. Optical imaging, including bioluminescence and fluorescence, provides high-sensitivity and high-resolution imaging. Acoustic imaging is a real-time and non-invasive imaging technique with good penetration depth and spatial resolution. MRI provides high spatial resolution and radiation-free imaging. Nuclear medicine imaging, including positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) can provide information on the distribution and dynamics of bacterial population. Moreover, strategies of synthetic biology modification and nanomaterial engineering modification can improve the viability and localization ability of bacteria while maintaining their autonomy and vitality, thus aiding the visualization of gut bacteria. However, there are some challenges, such as the relatively low bacterial abundance and heterogeneously distribution within the tumour, the high dimensionality of spatial datasets and the limitations of imaging labeling tools. In summary, with the continuous development of imaging technology and nanotechnology, it is expected to further make in-depth study on tumour-associated bacteria and develop new bacterial imaging methods for tumour diagnosis.

Exosome-sheathed porous silica nanoparticle-mediated co-delivery of 3,3′-diindolylmethane and doxorubicin attenuates cancer stem cell-driven EMT in triple negative breast cancer

BackgroundTherapeutic management of locally advanced and metastatic triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is often limited due to resistance to conventional chemotherapy. Metastasis is responsible for more than 90% of breast cancer-associated mortality; therefore, the clinical need to prevent or target metastasis is immense. The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is a crucial determinant in metastasis. Doxorubicin (DOX) is the frequently used chemotherapeutic drug against TNBC that may increase the risk of metastasis in patients. After cancer treatment, CSCs with the EMT characteristic persist, which contributes to advanced malignancy and cancer recurrence. The latest developments in nanotechnology for medicinal applications have raised the possibility of using nanomedicines to target these CSCs. Hence, we present a novel approach of combinatorial treatment of DOX with dietary indole 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM) which is an intriguing field of research that may target CSC mediated EMT induction in TNBC. For efficient delivery of both the compounds to the tumor niche, advance method of drug delivery based on exosomes sheathed with mesoporous silica nanoparticles may provide an attractive strategy.ResultsDOX, according to our findings, was able to induce EMT in CSCs, making the breast cancer cells more aggressive and metastatic. In CSCs produced from spheres of MDAMB-231 and 4T1, overexpression of N-cadherin, Snail, Slug, and Vimentin as well as downregulation of E-cadherin by DOX treatment not only demonstrated EMT induction but also underscored the pressing need for a novel chemotherapeutic combination to counteract this detrimental effect of DOX. To reach this goal, DIM was combined with DOX and delivered to the CSCs concomitantly by loading them in mesoporous silica nanoparticles encapsulated in exosomes (e-DDMSNP). These exosomes improved the specificity, stability and better homing ability of DIM and DOX in the in vitro and in vivo CSC niche. Furthermore, after treating the CSC-enriched TNBC cell population with e-DDMSNP, a notable decrease in DOX mediated EMT induction was observed.ConclusionOur research seeks to propose a new notion for treating TNBC by introducing this unique exosomal nano-preparation against CSC induced EMT.Graphical

Detection of Ascorbic Acid by Two-Dimensional Conductive Metal-Organic Framework-Based Electrochemical Sensors

The realization of efficient and accurate detection of biomolecules has become a key scientific issue in the field of life sciences. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, electrochemical sensors constructed from the superior physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials show faster and more accurate detection. Among nanomaterials, two-dimensional conductive MOF (2D cMOF) is considered to be a star material in electrochemical sensors due to its remarkable conductivity, high porosity, and stability. In this paper, a Cu3(HHTP)2/SPE electrochemical sensor for the detection of ascorbic acid (AA) was constructed by modifying 2D cMOF (Cu3(HHTP)2) on the surface of the screen-printed electrode (SPE). The sensor exhibited excellent catalytic activity in the detection of AA, with a lower detection limit of 2.4 μmol/L (S/N = 3) and a wide linear range of 25–1645 μmol/L. This high catalytic activity can be attributed to the abundant catalytic sites in Cu3(HHTP)2 and the rapid electron transfer between Cu+ and Cu2+, which accelerates the oxidation of AA. This work lays a foundation for the subsequent development of MOFs with special electrochemical catalytic properties and the integration of 2D cMOF into intelligent electrical analysis devices.

Nanoparticles Dysregulate the Human Placental Secretome with Consequences on Angiogenesis and Vascularization.

Exposure to nanoparticles (NPs) in pregnancy is increasingly linked to adverse effects on embryo-fetal development and health later in life. However, the developmental toxicity mechanisms of NPs are largely unknown, in particular potential effects on the placental secretome, which orchestrates many developmental processes pivotal for pregnancy success. This study demonstrates extensive material- and pregnancy stage-specific deregulation of placental signaling from a single exposure of human placental explants to physiologically relevant concentrations of engineered (silica (SiO2) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs) and environmental NPs (diesel exhaust particles, DEPs). This includes a multitude of secreted inflammatory, vascular, and endocrine placental factors as well as extracellular vesicle (EV)-associated proteins. Moreover, conditioned media (CM) from NP-exposed explants induce pronounced anti-angiogenic and anti-vasculogenic effects, while early neurodevelopmental processes are only marginally affected. These findings underscore the potential of metal oxide NPs and DEPs for widespread interference with the placental secretome and identify vascular morphogenesis as a sensitive outcome for the indirect developmental toxicity of different NPs. Overall, this work has profound implications for the future safety assessment of NPs for industrial, commercial, or medical applications in pregnancy, which should consider placenta-mediated toxicity by holistic secretomics approaches to ensure the development of safe nanotechnologies.

Exosomes: the next-generation therapeutic platform for ischemic stroke

Abstract Current therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke fall short of the desired objective of neurological functional recovery. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new methods for the treatment of this condition. Exosomes are natural cell-derived vesicles that mediate signal transduction between cells under physiological and pathological conditions. They have low immunogenicity, good stability, high delivery efficiency, and the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. These physiological properties of exosomes have the potential to lead to new breakthroughs in the treatment of ischemic stroke. The rapid development of nanotechnology has advanced the application of engineered exosomes, which can effectively improve targeting ability, enhance therapeutic efficacy, and minimize the dosages needed. Advances in technology have also driven clinical translational research on exosomes. In this review, we describe the therapeutic effects of exosomes anc their positive roles in current treatment strategies for ischemic stroke, including their anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, autophagy-regulation, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and glial scar formation reduction effects. However, it is worth noting that, despite their significant therapeutic potential, there remains a dearth of standardized characterization methods and efficient isolation techniques capable of producing highly purified exosomes. Future optimization strategies should prioritize the exploration of suitable isolation techniques and the establishment of unified workflows to effectively harness exosomes for diagnostic or therapeutic applications in ischemic stroke. Ultimately, our review aims to summarize our understanding of exosome-based treatment prospects in ischemic stroke and foster innovative ideas for the development of exosome-based therapies.

A Critical Review on Recent Progress of Solution‐Processed Monolayer Assembly of Nanomaterials and Applications

AbstractThe rapid development in nanotechnology has necessitated accurate and efficient assembly strategies for nanomaterials. Monolayer assembly of nanomaterials (MAN) represents a challenging and important architecture to manufacture and is critical in understanding interactions among nanomaterials, solvents, and substrates. MAN enables highly tunable performance in electronic and photonic devices. This review summarizes the recent progress on the methods to achieve MAN and discusses important control factors. Moreover, the importance of MAN is elaborated by a broad range of applications in electronics and photonics. In the end, the opportunities as well as challenges in manufacturing and new applications are outlooked.

Common methodologies for treating environmental issues with nanomaterials

With rapid industrialisation and population growth, the Earths ecological environment now confronts increasingly complex and diverse challenges. Traditional pollution treatment methods, such as activated sludge for sewage and electrostatic precipitation for air pollution, can effectively manage most environmental pollution. However, some pollutants (e.g. metals, organic dyes, gaseous trace pollutants in heavy water) either cannot be addressed by conventional methods or are prohibitively expensive. Hence, there is a pressing need to develop new environmental technologies. The emergence and development of nanotechnology and nanoscience present novel opportunities for environmental governance, as nanomaterials offer advantageous traits such as high specific surface area, catalytic activity, and photocatalytic activity. This renders nanomaterials better adsorbents, catalysts, and sensors compared to traditional materials. This article examines three methods - adsorption, filtration, and degradation - through which nanomaterials can be utilised to address environmental challenges, and the advantages and disadvantages of such methods are discussed. Finally, this article provides insights in response to the findings presented.

Single-Atom-Based Nanoenzyme in Tissue Repair.

Since the discovery of ferromagnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4 that exhibit enzyme-like activity in 2007, the research on nanoenzymes has made significant progress. With the in-depth study of various nanoenzymes and the rapid development of related nanotechnology, nanoenzymes have emerged as a promising alternative to natural enzymes. Within nanozymes, there is a category of metal-based single-atom nanozymes that has been rapidly developed due to low cast, convenient preparation, long storage, less immunogenicity, and especially higher efficiency. More importantly, single-atom nanozymes possess the capacity to scavenge reactive oxygen species through various mechanisms, which is beneficial in the tissue repair process. Herein, this paper systemically highlights the types of metal single-atom nanozymes, their catalytic mechanisms, and their recent applications in tissue repair. The existing challenges are identified and the prospects of future research on nanozymes composed of metallic nanomaterials are proposed. We hope this review will illuminate the potential of single-atom nanozymes in tissue repair, encouraging their sequential clinical translation.

Research of flexible sensor based on nanomaterial

Research of flexible sensor based on nanomaterial

Applications of nanoscale silica (silicon dioxide) in the cosmetics industry

Applications of nanoscale silica (silicon dioxide) in the cosmetics industry

What We Know About the Actual Role of Traditional Probiotics in Health and Disease.

The complex relationship between probiotics and human health goes beyond their traditional function in gut health, generating considerable interest for their broad potential in disease treatment. This review explores the various functions of probiotics, highlighting their impact on the immune system, their benefits for gut and oral health, their effects on metabolic and neurological disorders, and their emerging potential in cancer therapy. We give significant importance to studying the effects of probiotics on the gut-brain axis, revealing new and non-invasive therapeutic approaches for complex neurological disorders. In addition, we expand the discussion to encompass the impact of probiotics on the gut-liver and gut-lung axes, recognizing their systemic effects and potential in treating respiratory and hepatic conditions. The use of probiotic "cocktails" to improve cancer immunotherapy outcomes indicates a revolutionary approach to oncological treatments. The review explores the specific benefits associated with various strains and the genetic mechanisms that underlie them. This study sets the stage for precision medicine, where probiotic treatments can be tailored to meet the unique needs of each patient. Recent developments in delivery technologies, including microencapsulation and nanotechnology, hold great potential for enhancing the effectiveness and accuracy of probiotic applications in therapeutic settings. This study provides a strong basis for future scientific research and clinical use, promoting the incorporation of probiotics into treatment plans for a wide range of diseases. This expands our understanding of the potential benefits of probiotics in modern medicine.

Supported silver nanoparticles over Metronidazole modified-single walled carbon nanotubes for overcoming anti-microbial properties, anti-cancer effect, and apoptosis induction on human gastric cancer cell line

One of the most important goals of current research in the medical field is to identify treatments for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and cancer. The latest developments in nanotechnology have provided opportunities to develop novel nanomaterials that can overcome the limitations of current treatments. In this regard, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered potential nano-tools with attractive implications. The analysis of MTZ/SWCNT/AgNPs in this study was done using different techniques, including SEM, TEM, FTIR, XRD, and EDX. Antibacterial activity was assessed for MTN/SWCNT/AgNPs against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus. The effects of MTZ/SWCNTs/AgNPs on mitochondrial and apoptotic activities in human gastric cancer (AGS) were evaluated. Overall, new CNTs were produced efficiently. MTZ/SWCNTs/AgNPs are considered efficient antibacterial and anticancer agents for biological applications.

Evaluation of 1,9-Dimethyl-Methylene Blue nanoencapsulation using rhamnolipid nanoparticles to potentiate the Photodynamic Therapy technique in Candida albicans: In vitro study

With the rapid development of nanotechnology, various functional nanomaterials have shown exciting potential in biomedical areas such as drug delivery, antitumor, and antibacterial therapy. These nanomaterials improve the stability and selectivity of loaded drugs, reduce drug-induced side effects, realize controlled and targeted drug release, and increase therapeutic efficacy. The increased resistance to antifungal microbicides in medical practice and their side effects stimulate interest in new therapies, such as Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), which do not generate resistance in microorganisms and effectively control the pathology. The present study aimed to evaluate, in vitro, the efficacy of photodynamic therapy on Candida albicans using 1,9-Dimethyl-Methylene Blue (DMMB) as photosensitizer, red LED (λ630), and nanoencapsulation of DMMB (RL-NPs/DMMB) using rhamnolipids produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa to evaluate if there is better performance of DMMB + RL particles compared to DMMB alone via the characterization of DMMB + RL and colony forming count. The tests were carried out across six experimental groups (Control, DMMB, RL-NPs, RL-NPs/DMMB, PDT and PDT + RL-NPs/DMMB) using in the groups with nanoparticles, DMMB (750 ng/mL) encapsulated with rhamnolipids in a 1:1 ratio, the light source consisted of a prototype built with a set of red LEDs with an energy density of 20 J/cm2. The results showed that applying PDT combined with encapsulation (RL-NPs/DMMB) was a more practical approach to inhibit Candida albicans (2 log reduction) than conventional applications, with a possible clinical application protocol.

Nanoparticles for efficient drug delivery and drug resistance in glioma: New perspectives.

Gliomas are the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system, with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) having the highest incidence, and their therapeutic efficacy depends primarily on the extent of surgical resection and the efficacy of postoperative chemotherapy. The role of the intracranial blood-brain barrier and the occurrence of the drug-resistant gene O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase have greatly limited the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents in patients with GBM and made it difficult to achieve the expected clinical response. In recent years, the rapid development of nanotechnology has brought new hope for the treatment of tumors. Nanoparticles (NPs) have shown great potential in tumor therapy due to their unique properties such as light, heat, electromagnetic effects, and passive targeting. Furthermore, NPs can effectively load chemotherapeutic drugs, significantly reduce the side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs, and improve chemotherapeutic efficacy, showing great potential in the chemotherapy of glioma. In this article, we reviewed the mechanisms of glioma drug resistance, the physicochemical properties of NPs, and recent advances in NPs in glioma chemotherapy resistance. We aimed to provide new perspectives on the clinical treatment of glioma.

(Re)imagining purpose: A framework for sustainable nanotechnology innovation

To fully understand and predict the impact of nanotechnologies, a truly multidisciplinary approach is required. However, the practicalities relating to how innovation, commercialisation, risk assessment, informatics, and governance in nanotechnology should intersect remain somewhat of a black box. To begin to shed light on this intersection, we identify a need to place ‘purpose’ at the heart of the nanotechnology innovation ecosystem. There is a growing appetite for responsible, sustainable, and purposeful innovation from business, financiers, regulators, consumers, and other stakeholders – an appetite that we foresee will permeate all spheres of commercialisation, including that of nanotechnology. Ultimately, nanotechnologies will only have the ability to sustainably address the global challenges of the 21st century if they are developed and implemented with purpose, and in full consideration of their social and environmental impacts. We (re)define purpose as it relates to sustainable nanotechnology innovation, in an effort to create a more-broadly shared language that can bridge the diverse stakeholder needs and perspectives that are required to address these challenges. To enable innovation, standardisation, promote interdisciplinarity, increase transparency, and enhance regulatory and corporate accountability, we propose a four stage, principles-based framework for purposeful nanotechnology development. This framework offers a practical way forward for nanotechnology innovation, shedding light on how nano-impact can be approached by multidisciplinary teams and describing how interrelated systems and stakeholders can interact successfully to achieve shared goals.

Applications of Cellulose‐Based Nanomaterials for Sustainability and Therapeutics: A Review

AbstractCellulose is a natural fibrous carbohydrate, is the main structural element of plant cell walls, and is the most abundant natural polymer found in the biosphere. Due to its abundance and chemical stability, it has been used as a raw material in various industries for thousands of years. Due to developments in nanotechnology, materials that are used in macroscale abundantly are also utilized for nanomaterial design, and cellulose‐based nanomaterials have gained more interest in recent years. The unique properties of cellulose‐based nanomaterials including their chemical stability, high degree of crystallinity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and tunability of their chemical (e.g., surface modification) and physical (e.g., shape) properties make them good candidates for functional nanomaterial design. This review brings advances in cellulose‐based nanomaterials for application in two major fields, sustainability and therapeutics.

Potential applications of nanomedicine in the treatment of Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease and leads to severe disability and even death in patients, causing a heavy social burden worldwide. Among the therapeutics for PD, pharmacotherapy is usually the first-line therapy and is typically the basic treatment for other therapeutics, such as surgery, exercise therapy and psychological intervention. Unfortunately, the existing PD therapeutic agents fail to cure the disease due to their low efficacy, cytotoxicity, severe side effects and poor cell targeting. With the development of nanotechnology and the emergence of nanomedicine, the application of nanomaterials has helped improve the efficacy of pharmacotherapy for PD. In the following review, the current pharmacotherapy for PD and its pros and cons are described. A summary of the nanomaterial types commonly used in nanomedicine and their applications in PD treatment is provided. Additionally, challenges related to using nanomaterials for PD pharmacotherapy are discussed.

Advanced developments in nanotechnology and nanomaterials for the oil and gas industry: A review

The utilization of nanotechnology to effectively extract oil and gas resources has garnered attention in response to the growing energy demand. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of several applications of nanotechnology in the oil and gas industry. These applications mostly involve the investigation of how nanoparticles flow through porous materials, the development of nanosensors, and the utilization of nanoparticles to enhance the effectiveness of drilling fluids and increase oil recovery. Nanotechnology is employed to investigate the transport mechanisms of hydrocarbons in nanoporous media and nanoparticles in porous media. This has emerged as a crucial method for assessing hydrocarbon resources. Nanoparticles (NPs) are employed to create temperature and magnetic sensors, as well as imaging techniques, for precise detection of reservoir characteristics and downhole conditions. Nanotechnology has proven to be highly effective in the field of drilling, showcasing its extensive range of possibilities. The addition of NPs improves the rheological properties of drilling fluids, ensures safe drilling, reduces fluid losses, seals nanopores and inhibits shale hydration, and stabilizes the wellbore. Drilling fluids containing NPs are particularly well-suited for situations with high pressure and high temperature. NPs can enhance the effectiveness of fracking fluids by improving their cleanliness, stability, and resistance to friction. Whether hot or cold, NPs show great potential for enhanced oil recovery in thermal and non-thermal chemical flooding. In conclusion, nanotechnology improves the efficiency of exploration, production as well as storage and transportation of oil and gas resources. This study aims to provide academics with a thorough comprehension of the most recent implementations of nanomaterials in the oil and gas industry, while also examining the obstacles and prospects for the future.

Machine learning-based compressive strength estimation in nanomaterial-modified lightweight concrete

Abstract The development of nanotechnology has led to the creation of materials with unique properties, and in recent years, numerous attempts have been made to include nanoparticles in concrete in an effort to increase its performance and create concrete with improved qualities. Nanomaterials are typically added to lightweight concrete (LWC) with the goal of improving the composite’s mechanical, microstructure, freshness, and durability qualities. Compressive strength is the most crucial mechanical characteristic for all varieties of concrete composites. For this reason, it is essential to create accurate models for estimating the compressive strength (CS) of LWC to save time, energy, and money. In addition, it provides useful information for planning the construction schedule and indicates when the formwork should be removed. To predict the CS of LWC mixtures made with or without nanomaterials, nine different models were proposed in this study: the gradient-boosted trees (GBT), random forest, tree ensemble, XGBoosted (XGB), Keras, simple regression, probabilistic neural networks, multilayer perceptron, and linear relationship model. A total of 2,568 samples were gathered and examined. The most significant factors influencing CS during the modeling process were taken into account as input variables, including the amount of nanomaterials, cement, water-to-binder ratio, density, the content of lightweight aggregates, type of nano, fine and coarse aggregate content, and water. The performance of the suggested models was assessed using a variety of statistical measures, including the coefficient of determination (R 2), scatter index, mean absolute error, and root-mean-squared error (RMSE). The findings showed that, in comparison to other models, the GBT model outperformed the others in predicting the compression strength of LWC mixtures enhanced with nanomaterials. The GBT model produced the best results, with the greatest value of R 2 (0.9) and the lowest value of RMSE (5.286). Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis showed that the most important factor influencing the prediction of the CS of LWC enhanced with nanoparticles is the water content.

Evaluation of the effects of zinc oxide (ZnO NPs) nanoparticles synthesized by green synthesis on Caenorhabditis elegans.

In recent years, the rapid development of nanotechnology has caused the products obtained with this technology to be used more daily. Information on the effects of these products, which provide great advantages in every respect, on human health and the environment is insufficient. It has been suggested that these nanoparticles may have toxic effects on living things, mostly in animal experiments and cell cultures. In this paper, the organism Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), which contains a genome and biochemical ways highly similar to humans, is used to understand and reveal the metabolism of Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) toxicological effects. The toxicological effects of ZnO NPs on C. elegans organisms were investigated and the results were evaluated in terms of environment and human health. C. elegans was exposed to commercial ZnO NPs and green synthesized ZnO NPs from Olea europaea (olive tree, OLE). LC50 values were determined by probit analysis (green synthesized ZnO NP LC5024h = 84.97mg/L, LC5072h = 33.27mg/L, commercial ZnO NPs LC5024h = 5.75mg/L, LC5072h = 1.91mg/L). When the survival times of C. elegans were evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method, it was seen that commercial ZnO NPs were more toxic than green synthesized ZnO NPs. In MTT tests, it was clearly seen that commercial ZnO NPs and green synthesized ZnO NPs entered the cell and caused different cytotoxicity. While there was a difference between control and 0.5, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, and 50mg/L doses in commercial ZnO NP applications, there were significant differences between control and 25, 50mg/L concentrations in green synthesized ZnO NP applications.