Development Of Musculoskeletal Diseases Research Articles

Hydrogen Sulfide in Musculoskeletal Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities.

Significance: Musculoskeletal diseases seriously affect global health, but their importance is greatly underestimated. These diseases often afflict the elderly, leading to disability, paralysis, and other complications. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays an important role in the occurrence and development of musculoskeletal diseases, which may have potential therapeutic significance for these diseases. Recent Advances: Recently, it has been found that many musculoskeletal diseases, such as osteoporosis, periodontitis, muscle atrophy, muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury, muscle contraction under high fever, arthritis, and disc herniation, can be alleviated by treatment with H2S. H2S may be conducive to the development of multiple myeloma. The mechanism of action of H2S in the musculoskeletal system has been partly elucidated. A variety of H2S donors and nano-delivery systems provide promising prospects for H2S-based therapies. Critical Issues: Related research remains at the level of cell or animal experiments, but clinical research is lacking. The roles of H2S in more musculoskeletal disorders remain largely unknown. The serious consequences of musculoskeletal diseases have not been widely concerned. Targeted delivery of H2S remains a challenging task in musculoskeletal diseases. Future Directions: Develop therapeutic drugs for musculoskeletal diseases based on H2S and test their safety, efficacy, and tolerance. Explore the combination of current drugs for musculoskeletal diseases with H2S-releasing components to improve the therapeutic efficacy and avoid side effects. Carry out relevant clinical trials to verify the possibility of its widespread use. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 00, 000-000.

Impact of Psychological Stress on the Development of Musculoskeletal Diseases

Impact of Psychological Stress on the Development of Musculoskeletal Diseases

On the issue of evaluation of vertebrogenic pathology in professional drivers at the stage of outpatient visit

Truck drivers represent one of numerous occupational groups employed in many economic sectors. Their work is characterized by a complex of adverse occupational factors. The greatest risk for the development of musculoskeletal diseases, including vertebral pathology, is associated with vibration, adverse environment, and work stress. Analysis of the state of health in 65 male drivers from trucking industry is carried out on the basis of results of outpatient examination. It included medical history, assessment of the severity of pain according to a visual analog scale, and instrumental methods of diagnosis. Vertebrogenic diseases of the cervical spine (cervicalgia, cervicobrachialgia) were detected according to the results of examination in 73.8% of drivers and diseases of the lumbosacral region (low back pain, lumbar ischialgia, radiculopathy) in 89.2% of drivers. Increase in the length of service negatively affects the course of the disease, leading to an increase in neurologic impairment from the reflex stage in the group of people with work experience of up to 9 years to the stage of radicular compression in the group with work experience of more than 20 years. Presented data indicate the need to develop a set of targeted measures of sanitary and hygienic and therapeutic and preventive nature.

Does 'hacking' surface type affect equine forelimb foot placement, movement symmetry or hoof impact deceleration during ridden walk and trot exercise?

Both pleasure and competition horses regularly exercise on surfaces such as tarmac, gravel and turf during 'hacking'. Despite this, there is limited evidence relating to the effect of these surfaces upon foot-surface interaction. To investigate forelimb foot placement, hoof vibration and movement symmetry in pleasure horses on three commonly encountered hacking surfaces. Quantitative gait study in a convenience sample. Six horses regularly partaking in hacking exercise were ridden in walk and trot on all surfaces. Horses were equipped with one hoof-mounted, accelerometer and four body-mounted inertial measurement units (IMUs) to measure foot impact and movement symmetry. High-speed (400 FPS) video footage of foot-placement was acquired (dorsal, palmar, lateral views). Foot-impact and movement symmetry were analysed with a mixed effects model and Bowker symmetry tests for foot-placement analysis. Vibration power and frequency parameters increase as perceived surface firmness increases from grass, to gravel, to tarmac (P≤0.001). Vibration power parameters were consistently greater at trot compared with walk (P≤0.001), but the same was not true for vibration frequency (P≥0.2). Greatest movement asymmetry was recorded during grass surface trotting. No significant difference in foot-placement was detected between the three surfaces. This was a field study using three commonly encountered hacking surfaces. Surface properties change easily with water content and temperature fluctuations so care must be taken when considering other similar surfaces, especially at different times of the year. Six leisure horses were used so the results may not be representative of horses of all types. Vibration parameters generally increase as perceived surface firmness increases. Increasing speed alters vibration power but not frequency. Further investigations are required to determine the role that this may play in the development of musculoskeletal disease in horses.

ХАРАКТЕРНІ РИСИ ТИМЧАСОВОЇ НЕПРАЦЕЗДАТНОСТІ ГІРНИКІВ ІЗ ЗАХВОРЮВАННЯМИ ХРЕБТА ТА ПЕРИФЕРІЙНОЇ НЕРВОВОЇ СИСТЕМИ

У статті проаналізовано тимчасову втрату працездатності гірників із захворюваннями хребта та периферійної нервової системи. Встановлено, що гірники основних професій, які працюють на шахтах із крутим заляганням вугільних пластів, частіше страждають від захворювань периферійної нервової системи, ніж ті, що працюють на шахтах з пологим заляганням вугільних пластів. Статистично значуще зростання тимчасової непрацездатності внаслідок захворювання периферійної нервової системи спостерігається при стажі роботи 6–10 років і більше 20 років.Мета дослідження – встановити зв’язок захворювань хребта і периферійної нервової системи у гірників вугільних шахт з умовами праці.Матеріали і методи. Завданням етапу стало проведення копіювання даних про захворювання хребта і периферійної нервової системи з тимчасовою втратою працездатністі (ТВП) у гірників вугільних шахт та вивчення їх структури (професійну, вікову, стажову); проведення гігієнічної оцінки професійно-виробничих маршрутів гірників, що страждають від захворювань хребта (попереково-крижовими радикулопатіями); з’ясування можливого впливу (етіологічна діагностика) факторів виробничого середовища і робітничого процесу на захворюваність хребта і периферійної нервової системи серед гірників різноманітних професійних груп. Об’єкт, об’єм досліджень: захворюваність із тимчасовою втратою працездатності гірників, які працюють на шахтах з крутими (1188 чол.) і пологими (1486 чол.) пластами за даними листів із ТВП за 2000–2004 рр.; протоколи копіювання даних із амбулаторних карт гірників, що пройшли обстеження в Обласній клінічній лікарні профзахворювань (ОКЛПЗ) у 2003 р. (90 чол.); дані трудових книжок про професійно-трудовий маршрут гірників із захворюваннями хребта і периферійної нервової системи (90 чол.). При виконанні роботи й аналізу матеріалів використовували аналітичні та статистичні методи.Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Аналіз даних захворюванності з ТВП за 2000–2004 рр. робітників вугільних шахт із пологими і крутими пластами свідчить, що робітники шахт з пологими пластами хворіють частіше і довше (на пологих кількість випадків (17,5±1,08) дня непрацездатності 218,5 на 100 робітників, тоді як на крутих пластах – (10,6±0,94) та 139,3 відповідно). Найбільше хворіють гірники очисних вибоїв і прохідники на пологих шахтах та забійники і прохідники на шахтах з крутим заляганням пластів. Встановлено, що на шахті з пологим заляганням пластів найбільший відсоток в структурі хвороб з ТВП займають захворювання на остеохондроз та хвороби кістково-м’язової системи. У гірників шахт із крутими пластами перше місце займають захворювання периферійної нервової систем. Встановлено взаємозв’язок захворювань хребта і периферійної нервової системи від стажу та віку. На шахтах із пологими пластами найбільш тісніше взаємозв’язок захворювань з професійним стажем, а на шахтах з крутими пластами – з віком. Проаналізовано дані впливу умов праці в різних професійних групах на розвиток захворювань кістково-м’язової та периферійної нервової системи, встановлено зв’язок віково-стажових характеристик, умов праці з тяжкістю захворювань. Небезпечність ризику розвитку захворювань кістково-м’язової та периферійної нервової систем найбільш вірогідна в професіях, де умови праці оцінюються 2, 3 і 4 ступенями третього класу згідно з гігєнічною класифікацією.Висновки. У робітників вугільних шахт початкові форми захворювань кістково-м’язової та периферійної систем розвиваються при стажі 4–6 років, а при 12–16 – хронічні (тяжкі). Результати роботи дозволили підготувати дані про вплив умов праці на стан хребта та периферійну нервову систему гірників вугільних шахт, які будуть використовуватись у подальших дослідженнях.

Obesity in lumbar spine surgery

Obesity has been shown to be a significant factor in the development of musculoskeletal disease. In particular, there has been a recent increase in interest in the role of obesity in lumbar spine disease and surgical outcomes for lumbar spine pathology. Obese individuals are more likely to develop both clinical and radiographic evidence of degenerative lumbar spine disease. Weight loss, whether in the form of diet and exercise regimens or bariatric surgery, may provide some improvement in clinical lumbar spine complaints. In situations in which surgery is necessary to treat degenerative lumbar spine conditions, obese patients experience improvement but less so compared to nonobese patient. Obese patients may be more likely to develop perioperative and postoperative complications.

A novel in vivo gene transfer technique and in vitro cell based assays for the study of bone loss in musculoskeletal disorders.

Differentiation and activation of osteoclasts play a key role in the development of musculoskeletal diseases as these cells are primarily involved in bone resorption. Osteoclasts can be generated in vitro from monocyte/macrophage precursor cells in the presence of certain cytokines, which promote survival and differentiation. Here, both in vivo and in vitro techniques are demonstrated, which allow scientists to study different cytokine contributions towards osteoclast differentiation, signaling, and activation. The minicircle DNA delivery gene transfer system provides an alternative method to establish an osteoporosis-related model is particularly useful to study the efficacy of various pharmacological inhibitors in vivo. Similarly, in vitro culturing protocols for producing osteoclasts from human precursor cells in the presence of specific cytokines enables scientists to study osteoclastogenesis in human cells for translational applications. Combined, these techniques have the potential to accelerate drug discovery efforts for osteoclast-specific targeted therapeutics, which may benefit millions of osteoporosis and arthritis patients worldwide.

Childhood Obesity and Musculoskeletal Problems: Editorial Comment

More often than not, a symposium published in Clinical Orthopedics and Related Research® begins with a manuscript of historical interest. The historical manuscript should influence our understanding of the symposium topic even to this day; it is reprinted alongside the new research in the symposium to announce the spirit of the ensuing publications. Sadly, there is no worthy publication of historical interest for this symposium. The problem is not the absence of an earlier landmark publication in this field; rather, what is saddening is the very need to produce a symposium on the topic of childhood obesity and musculoskeletal problems. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the rate of childhood obesity has tripled since the previous generation [1]. An astonishing 17% of children and adolescents younger than 19 years now are obese. The impact of obesity on other childhood conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular health has been well documented; by contrast, the effects of obesity on the developing musculoskeletal system are less well understood. With increasing rates of obesity come new trends in musculoskeletal pathology, and children are not exempt from this phenomenon. Focusing on obesity during childhood is critical not only in terms of the short-term ramifications as discussed in this symposium but also because of the effects of obesity on the development of musculoskeletal disease as these patients age. This symposium is the result of an ongoing relationship between the Pediatric Orthopedic Society of North America and the US Bone and Joint Initiative to raise awareness of this growing problem and highlights our current understanding, as well as the deficits in our knowledge. During the annual Global Bone and Joint meeting in 2009, hosted by the US Bone and Joint Decade (now Initiative), the pediatric working group identified childhood obesity as their primary area of international concern. We wanted this symposium to include contributions from many specialties, reflecting both the far-reaching nature of this problem and the composition of the US Bone and Joint Initiative. The end result is a broad spectrum of topics related to musculoskeletal conditions and childhood obesity. The publications within this symposium are intended to give the reader an insight into the extent of pathology related to obesity and to highlight the need for additional research and education on this serious public health issue. The symposium begins with a concise review of current knowledge within the medical literature of childhood obesity as it relates to orthopaedics, setting the stage for the idea of “where do we go from here?” The remainder of the symposium is designed to inspire future projects by helping readers gain a better understanding of the issues. While reading through the symposium, you will find that the potential short- and long-term ramifications of this problem are extensive. You will read about new concepts regarding obesity and fracture etiology, healing, and management. Then, you will dive into some basic science research demonstrating the underlying issues with obesity, followed by a social experiment intended to teach our youth about taking care of themselves. The symposium wraps up with a few additional studies looking at spine surgery, psychologic aspects of obesity, and wound healing in the obese child. We hope this symposium presents a clear case for why the issue is important and how the societal problem of obesity affects musculoskeletal health. While we are making progress in our understanding of the issues, we hope this work encourages you to take up research topics in these areas, or at least to stay abreast of the work being done in this important field. Our sincere desire is never to need another symposium related to childhood obesity, and we hope that these publications will someday serve as historical reprints in a future symposium of solved, antiquated human health issues. Fig. 1 Dr. Eric W. Edmonds is shown. Fig. 2 Dr. Kimberly J. Templeton is shown.

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Much has been learned about the interactions of immunologic events and the development of musculoskeletal disease. Much more needs to be learned. The partnership of astute clinicians and investigators will enhance this learning process and eventually benefit the health and well being of our patients, and perhaps, humankind.