Development Of More Effective Methods Research Articles

Changes in Cellular and Humoral Immunity of Children with Respiratory Diseases Living in Areas of Kyrgyzstan at Different Altitudes

Immunological aspects of respiratory diseases due to altitude can have a significant impact on the pathogenesis and clinical course of the disease. Research objectives: to study changes in cellular and humoral immunity in children with respiratory diseases living in areas of Kyrgyzstan located at different altitudes above sea level. This study used methods to assess cellular and humoral immunity in 209 children living at various altitudes above sea level in Kyrgyzstan. Research results contribute to a deeper understanding of the immunological mechanisms underlying respiratory diseases in children at high altitudes, which may be of practical importance for the development of more effective methods for diagnosis, prevention and treatment of such diseases. It is assumed that at high altitude the number of allergens in the body decreases, in particular, the number of dust mites, which often act as a provoking factor in allergic respiratory diseases.

CHANGES IN THE STATE OF IMMUNITY AT THE CELLULAR LEVEL IN PATIENTS WITH BRONCHIOLITIS

Acute bronchiolitis in children is considered one of the serious medical problems, since they occupy one of the leading places among the causes of childhood diseases. Despite numerous studies, the problem of acute bronchiolitis in frequently ill children remains unresolved, which is associated with delayed diagnosis, the peculiarities of the manifestation of clinical symptoms and laboratory data. The aim of the research is to study changes in immunity at the cellular level in patients with bronchiolitis. Materials and methods of research: to establish the relationship with immunity indicators at the cellular level, 62 patients with acute bronchiolitis were examined, divided into 2 groups: Group I - 31 patients with acute bronchiolitis in episodically ill children, group II - 31 patients with acute bronchiolitis in those who are often ill. Our study allows us to better understand the pathogenetic role of the immune status at the cellular level in the development of acute bronchiolitis in episodically ill and frequently ill children, for use in clinical practice and the development of more effective methods for predicting, diagnosing, and treating the disease

Formation of Professional and Pedagogical Abilities and Skills for the Implementation of the State Educational Standard of School General Education of the Kyrgyz Republic

As part of the experimental work, a plan-program has been developed to increase the level of professional and pedagogical preparedness of primary education teachers. The fundamental idea of the plan-program for increasing the level of professional preparedness becomes the integrity of the pedagogical activity of the teacher and his consciousness. The fundamental idea of the plan-program for increasing the level of professional preparedness becomes the integrity of the pedagogical activity of the teacher and his consciousness. The plan-programs are designed to solve a number of problems: the adoption by teachers of the ideology of the new educational standard, the development of more effective methods of digitalization technology, pedagogical equipment, methods of educational and cognitive activities aimed at achieving the intended learning outcomes for students, the development of a modern system of requirements for the objective assessment of student activities. Primary education teachers have increased motivation to implement the state educational standard of school general education, professional and personal values have been formed, the magnitude, meaningfulness, knowledge, forms of means, methods and techniques of teaching have increased, the independent manifestation of skills and professional actions in the process of performing relevant tasks has improved, more purposefully use interactive tools and digital materials in the educational and cognitive process, develop control and assessment tasks using them, and reflect on their professional and pedagogical activities.

The effect of slope incline on the characteristics of particles ejected during the soil splash phenomenon

Slope incline is one of the factors affecting the soil water erosion process. Most of the work to date related to erosion has been on large-scale studies based on rainfall events or laboratory investigations with the use of simulators, where the displaced mass of soil was determined. However, there is a lack of studies providing information about splash erosion on slopes in relation to single-drop impact methodology, that allows for the examination of the basic processes of the phenomenon. Thus, the aim of this study was a quantitative description of the splash phenomenon on a simulated slope affected by a single drop impact, with respect to the influence of slope incline on the number of ejected particles and their characteristics. The investigation was carried out using three types of soil with different textures in moistened conditions (i.e. pressure head corresponding to 1.0 kPa) and three variants of slope incline: 5°, 15°, and 30°. A drop with a diameter of 4.2 mm was allowed to fall freely on soil surface with kinetic energy equal 1.42 mJ. The splash phenomenon was registered by a set of three synchronized high-speed cameras and combined with PTV software (Particle Tracking Velocimetry) to identify and track displaced particles. The methodology used made it possible to observe the course of the phenomenon and determine the following quantities: the number and size of ejected particles, ejection velocity and angle, displacement range, and also the contribution of the kinetic energy of the falling drop transferred to the ejected particles. The measured quantities were specified for the particles ejected in upslope and downslope directions. It was found that: (i) the interaction between different slope inclines and the particle size distribution of the soils influenced the surface conditions, which had a significant effect on the course of the splash phenomenon; (ii) the number of ejected particles decreased with the increasing slope, which was directly related to limited ejection in the upslope direction; (iii) the influence of slope incline was mostly visible in the ejection angle, range of displacement and sizes of ejected particles; (iv) the portion of the falling drop energy transferred to ejected particles decreased with increasing slope. The obtained results could enhance the development of physical models of splash erosion. A more thorough understanding and better recognition of the mechanisms governing this phenomenon at all stages could contribute to the development of more effective methods for protecting soil against erosion.

Development and verification of the spending rule for the National Fund of Kazakhstan

Purpose- The article examines the key factors affecting the use of the National Fund of Kazakhstan (NFK) in 2005-2017, as well as the development of more effective methods and actions to improve its performance in the future. Methodology- The study has developed a functional model of transfers from it to the state budget (spending rule), which helps to explain the observed dynamics of its use. The model was examined by using dynamic panel estimation techniques. As result it was found that transfers from oil fund to the state budget are dependent on economic activity, non-oil budget deficit and inflation in the country. An econometric test confirmed the correctness of the assumptions about the factors used in the model. Findings- A multivariate forecast was also made for NFK's assets for the period until the end of 2022. Upon the favorable scenario, the value of the assets of the oil fund will reach 57.5 billion US dollars at the end of 2022. If world oil prices fall from 68 to 50 US dollars per barrel and remain at this level, the oil fund’s assets will be exhausted in 6-7 years. If oil prices fall to 30 US dollars, then the fund's oil assets will last only 5 years. Conclusion- The principles of the formation and use of the NFK should be revised in order to ensure the long-term preservation of the fund's assets for future generations as originally planned. Keywords: Sovereign wealth funds, oil fund, asset management, Kazakhstan JEL Codes: D25, D53, D58

Skin microbiota analysis in a patient and its role in clinical practice

The skin is structurally a complex barrier organ that forms an original dynamic ecosystem colonized by a wide range of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and mites. The skin microbiome plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis and the state of local immunity and affects pathogenic microorganisms and skin barrier function through bacterial enzyme production. The most frequent and common infectious skin lesions are pyoderma, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, hidradenitis suppurativa, acne vulgaris, rosacea, seborrheic dermatitis, various mycoses, as well as bacterial and fungal folliculitis. A detailed study of the impact of homeostatic balance on the health of the skin plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases. Further investigations and deciphering bacteria, fungi, and viruses colonizing the skin will contribute to more effective diagnosis and identification of associations between the microbiota and the occurrence of various diseases, as well as to the development of more effective methods for their treatment, which is of great importance in clinical practice.

A systematic assessment of deep learning methods for drug response prediction: from in vitro to clinical applications.

Drug response prediction is an important problem in personalized cancer therapy. Among various newly developed models, significant improvement in prediction performance has been reported using deep learning methods. However, systematic comparisons of deep learning methods, especially of the transferability from preclinical models to clinical cohorts, are currently lacking. To provide a more rigorous assessment, the performance of six representative deep learning methods for drug response prediction using nine evaluation metrics, including the overall prediction accuracy, predictability of each drug, potential associated factors and transferability to clinical cohorts, in multiple application scenarios was benchmarked. Most methods show promising prediction within cell line datasets, and TGSA, with its lower time cost and better performance, is recommended. Although the performance metrics decrease when applying models trained on cell lines to patients, a certain amount of power to distinguish clinical response on some drugs can be maintained using CRDNN and TGSA. With these assessments, we provide a guidance for researchers to choose appropriate methods, as well as insights into future directions for the development of more effective methods in clinical scenarios.

The Role of Oxidative Stress-Mediated Inflammation in the Development of T2DM-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy: Possible Preventive Action of Tannins and Other Oligomeric Polyphenols.

Diabetic nephropathy is manifested in more than 10% of people with diabetes. It is a common cause of kidney failure and end-stage kidney disease. Understanding of mechanisms underlying the initiation and development of diabetes-induced kidney injuries will allow for the development of more effective methods of prevention and treatment of the disease. Diabetic nephropathy is a wide-ranging complication of diabetes, and it is necessary to discuss the "weight" of pro-inflammatory pathways and molecules in the progress of renal injuries during the development of the disease. A large spectrum of pro-inflammatory molecules and pathways participate in different stages of the pathophysiological progression of diabetic nephropathy, including pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, their receptors, adhesion molecules, and transcription factors. On the other hand, it is known that one of the consequences of hyperglycemia-induced ROS generation is the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cascades, which, in turn, activate the transcription of genes encoding cytokines-chemokines, growth factors, and extracellular matrix proteins. It is a proven fact that a variety of plant secondary metabolites, such as tannins, flavonoids, and other polyphenols, demonstrate significant anti-diabetic, redox-modulating properties and effectively modulate the inflammatory response. Thus, this review is discussing the possible role of plant phenols in the prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy.

Modern surgery of combined nose pathologies and paranasal sinuses

The review article is devoted to the issues of surgical treatment and postoperative rehabilitation of patients with deformity of the nose, combined with the pathology of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Analysis of the literature shows that in terms of the tactics of surgical treatment of patients with nasal deformity, combined with the pathology of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, there is no consensus, and the development of more effective methods of simultaneous surgical treatment remains a subject of discussion.

Database of video images of natural emotional facial expressions: perception of emotions and automated analysis of facial structure

Subject of study. The development of methods for automated recognition of emotions on a face requires the creation of new stimuli sets that comprise dynamic natural emotional expressions. To date, no such databases have been designed or validated on the Russian population. Aim of study. The aims of this study were to develop a database of dynamic recordings of natural emotional facial expressions and to compare the profiles of subjective evaluation of these recordings with the results of an automated analysis of facial gestures. Method. Emotional profiles of video images of facial expressions were based on their evaluation by human observers. Study participants (N=250) rated the intensity of 33 differential emotions on a 5-point scale in each of 210 video fragments containing the natural expressions of 5 models. An automated analysis of facial structure in the video fragments of expressions was performed using OpenFace 2.0 to quantify the dynamic changes on the models’ faces. The emotional profiles of video fragments were compared with the results of automated mapping using representational similarity analysis. We calculated the rank correlation coefficient between matrices that represent the structure of subjective evaluation of expressions and their formal description. Additionally, we performed k-means cluster analysis based on subjective evaluation to identify the categorical structure of perceived emotional states. Main results. The representational similarity analysis demonstrated a significant positive correlation between subjective evaluation of expressions and their description in terms of facial actions. However, the correlation was low (0.214), which suggested a substantial variability of mimic patterns that can be subjectively perceived as similar emotions. A cluster analysis revealed five clusters corresponding to basic emotions: attention, joy, surprise, sadness, and disgust. Practical significance. The developed database of natural emotional expressions will be of interest to researchers in the field of affective computing, particularly, for the development of more effective methods for the recognition of users’ emotional states and more accurate simulation of emotional responses in robotic systems.

Improvement of pharmacotherapy of generalized periodontitis in patients with concomitant urolithiasis

In the treatment of periodontal diseases, to achieve the stabilization of the pathological process and its elimination at the earliest stages, it is important to conduct timely comprehensive therapy. Given this, the development of more effective methods of drug treatment is of considerable practical and theoretical interest. In the complex treatment of generalized periodontitis in patients with urolithiasis, a new technique based on the developed dental film was used. Clinical research methods and index evaluation have confirmed the effectiveness of this method in patients with concomitant urolithiasis.The aim of the work is to optimize local pharmacotherapy in the complex treatment of generalized periodontitis on the background of urolithiasis with the use of dental film.Material and methods. Treatment of generalized periodontitis of the II degree of severity was performed in 85 patients with concomitant urolithiasis (44 patients were the main group using the dental film we treated and 41 - control group, where treatment was performed by conventional methods) according to the protocol of periodontal treatment. Clinical data and index estimates were used to objectify the condition of periodontal tissues in patients.Research results. The effectiveness of the proposed method of treatment of generalized periodontitis is confirmed by reducing the duration of treatment, prolonging the period of clinical stabilization and normalization of clinical and paraclinical studies in patients treated with the developed method in the near and long term after treatment.Conclusion. Clinical evaluation of the developed drug indicates a significant positive effect of its use in the treatment of generalized periodontitis. The positive effect of the dental film is caused by wound-healing, anti inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-edematous and locally analgesic effect of this drug.

Xe using the category of “social practice” to study the phenomenon of artiScial termination of pregnancy

The problem of artificial termination of pregnancy remains one of the unsolved problems of our time. The article presents the concept and structural feature of the phenomenon of artificial termination of pregnancy. The traditional approach to the study of the phenomenon, which is based on the category “society”, is considered. The insufficiency of this approach is explained: the limitation of the social aspect of the study of the phenomenon, an incomplete idea of the reasons for its spread. The article analyzes the approach to the study of social reality based on the category “social practice”, which appeared in sociology at the turn of the 1980. The analysis showed that this approach is aimed at studying not the phenomena themselves, but the repeated actions of individuals, the totality of which is a social practice. The article presents the stages of the formation of social practice, its signs, based on which the author came to the conclusion that the set of actions for termination of pregnancy, reproduced by individual individuals, is a social practice, which means that the proposed approach is possible to study the phenomenon of artificial termination of pregnancy. It will make it possible to trace the process of formation of the social practice of artificial termination of pregnancy, to determine its impact on the behavior of an individual and on social subjects; to identify a set of reasons that influence an individual’s decision to terminate pregnancy; which together will lead to the definition and development of more effective methods of regulating the practice of artificial termination of pregnancy.

Modern concept of etiopathogenesis, and treatment of nasal septum deformation combined with phyalystonic tongue hyperplasia in children

The article looks into the issues of etiopathogenesis and surgical treatment of children with deformity of the nasal septum, combined with hypertrophy of the nasopharyngeal tonsil. The article reflects the negative impact of adenoid vegetations and deformities of the nasal septum on the functional state of the nose, nasopharynx, and auditory tube in childhood. Analysis of the literature indicates, that there is no consensus regarding the surgical treatment of deformities of the nasal septum, combined with hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsil. The development of more effective methods of surgical treatment remains open.

Changes in the microcirculatory bed in patients with post-mastectomy syndrome

The purpose of the study: to determine the features of the state of the microcirculatory bed in women with post-mastectomy syndrome as a cause of fibrosis.Material and methods. The study involved 76 women, of whom two groups were formed. The first group consisted of 46 patients aged 25 to 49 years (mean age – (43.8 ± 3.8) years old) with post-mastectomy syndrome (PMES), the average period after radicle treatment of breast cancer was (4.3 ± 2.1) years. All patients underwent mastectomy, radiation and chemotherapy for the treatment of breast cancer, followed by a comprehensive examination to exclude metastasis and continued tumor growth, as well as to exclude hemodynamically significant violations of venous and arterial blood flow of the upper extremities. The second group was formed of 30 healthy female volunteers aged 25 to 43 years, whose average age was (33.75 ± 10.70) years old. Clinical and instrumental methods of examination were used: anthropometric method, lymphoscintigraphy of the upper extremities, laser Doppler flowmetry, determination of the expression level of intercellular adhesion molecules sICAM-1, sPECAM-1.The results. Gross violations of the function of the microcirculatory bed were revealed: endothelial dysfunction, spasm of precapillary sphincters, decrease in the intensity of blood flow in the metabolic capillaries, the predominance of passive mechanisms of blood flow regulation. These changes lead to tissue hypoxia, which may be the trigger for the development of fibrosis and lymphedema. Endothelial dysfunction, which is confirmed by increased expression of specific biomarkers, may be the basis of these disorders. A complex, long-term change in the work of microvessels leads to a breakdown of compensatory mechanisms.Conclusion. The study of the pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of post-mastectomy syndrome will allow forming preventive strategies in patients after treatment of breast cancer, improving the quality of life of these patients. Further search for promising predictors of the development of fibrosis, the study of changes in the microcirculatory bed will provide additional information about the pathogenesis of PMES, to identify changes in the soft tissues of the upper extremities at an early stage of post-mastectomy syndrome, may be important for the development of more effective methods of treatment of PMES.

Influence of slope incline on the ejection of two-phase soil splashed material.

Soil splash is the first step in the process of water erosion, where impacting raindrops cause the detachment and transport of soil material. One of the factors that strongly influences the magnitude of soil splash is the incline of the surface (slope). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the slope on the course of the splash phenomenon caused by single-drop impact (one drop impact per soil sample), with respect to the mass and proportions of the ejected material, taking into account its division into solid and liquid phases i.e. soil and water. The investigation was carried out using three types of soil with different textures, in moistened (pressure head corresponding to -1.0 kPa) and air-dry (-1500 kPa) conditions. The soil samples were on three angles of slope, being 5°, 15°, and 30°, respectively. After a single-drop impact with a diameter of 4.2 mm, the ejected material was collected using a splash cup. The following quantities of splashed material were measured: the total mass, the mass of the solid phase, and the mass of the liquid phase. Additionally, the distribution and proportions (soil/water) of the splashed material were analysed in both the upslope and downslope directions. It was found that: (i) the change of slope had a variable influence on the measured quantities for different soils; (ii) in the case of moistened samples, the measured values were mainly influenced by the texture, while in the dry samples, by the angle of the slope; (iii) with the increase of slope, the splashed material was mostly ejected in the downslope direction (irrespective of moisture conditions); (iv) in the moistened samples, the ejected material consisted mostly of water, while in the dry samples it was soil—this occurred for material ejected both upslope and downslope. The obtained results are important for improving the physical description of the process of splash erosion. A more thorough understanding and better recognition of the mechanisms governing this phenomenon at all stages could contribute to the development of more effective methods for protecting soil against erosion.

COMMUNICATIVE TASKS FOR IMPROVING FOREIGN LANGUAGE SPEAKING COMPETENCE OF PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS

The article deals with the implementation of communicative exercises in foreign language classes to improve the foreign language speaking competence of prospective teachers. The relevance of the article is determined by the need to consider the outlined problem for increasing the level of English language proficiency in order to personal and career prospects of prospective teachers. The purpose of the article is a theoretical and practical justification for the use of communicative exercises in the study of English in foreign language classes for prospective teachers in higher education. To achieve this goal it is necessary to solve the following tasks: 1) to analyze the efficiency of using communicative tasks to improve students’ foreign language speaking competence; 2) to offer exercises for communication, which provide for the creation of life situations of foreign language communication; 3) to substantiate the efficiency of using these exercises to improve foreign language speaking competence of future teachers. To achieve this purpose the following research methods are used in the scientific article: generalization, analysis and synthesis, descriptive method, which allow to consider in detail the proposed problem and come to important conclusions. It is determined that the specificity of learning a foreign language is to create an artificial language environment, which is absent in practice in most cases. Foreign language space is extremely important for the realization of one of the factors influencing the acquisition of a foreign language – the speed of establishing associative language connections. It is found out that in the communicative environment both the conscious training of vocabulary and grammar, and the necessary language tools accumulate during communicative activities intuitively. The speed of appropriate language reactions, a sense of language are developed in this activity (phonetic, lexical, grammatical aspects). The permanent search for new teaching aids, the development of more effective methods of work are of practical importance for increasing the student’s motivation to learn a foreign language and automate the experience of its using. The proposed types of communication exercises create the most adequate conditions for the formation of language skills, stimulate the mechanisms of involuntary memorization, as well as provide for the solution of certain methodological, linguistic and psychological problems.

Microscopic changes in the organs of broiler chickens with Ornithobacterium rhinotra-cheale infection

Nowadays ornithobacteriosis is widespread among industrial poultry in Ukraine and the world. The disease leads to significant economic losses. The large variation in the serotypes of the bacteria complicates the treatment of the disease. The study of microscopic changes that occur in organs during ornithobacteriosis will help to better understand the pathogenesis of the disease development. Ornithobacteriosis was diagnosed in clinically sick broiler chickens by bacteriological studies using Maldi Tof mass-spectrometry. As a result of the antibiotic sensitivity test, the pathogen was found to be sensitive to doxycycline, tilmicosin, rifampicin, cefazolin, amoxiclav and benzylpenicillin. Histological studies of internal organs – trachea, lungs, heart, kidneys, liver and spleen – were carried out. It was found that with spontaneous ornithobacteriosis of broiler chickens, the most expressive microscopic changes occur in the respiratory organs – the lungs and trachea and are characterized by a decrease in the lumen of the parabronchials due to edema of their walls and infiltration with lymphocytes, the absence of epithelium on the surface of the parabronchials, narrowing of the air capillaries of the parabronchial complexes, hemorrhages in the parenchyma of the parabronchial complexes, vasodilatation of the lung vessels and overflow of their blood vessels with blood cells, edema around the epithelium trachea, destruction of part of the tracheal mucosa epithelial cells, edema of its submucosa, expansion and overflow of blood vessels of the mucous membrane with blood cells. In the spleen there was a uniform diffuse edema of the parenchyma and a decrease in the number of lymphocytes in the lymphoid follicles; in the kidneys – expansion and overflow of the stroma blood vessels, uneven edema of the glomeruli of one part of the renal corpuscles and destruction of the glomeruli of another, granular degeneration of the convoluted and straight tubules of the kidneys; in the liver – edema, hemorrhage, violation of the hepatic lobules’ structure, expansion of the hepatic veins, granular degeneration of hepatocytes or their destruction; in the heart – edema of the myocardial interstitium, muscle fibers’ granular dystrophy, fragmentation of muscle fibers as a result of their rupture. Histological research of ORT infected chickens will lead to a better understanding the mechanism of pathological changes at the microscopic level, which will facilitate the development of more effective methods of treatment and prevention of the disease.

Microwave separation of persistent oil emulsions

At present, the development of more effective methods for preparing such oils requires special attention due to the growing share of hard-to-extract high-viscous hydrocarbon reserves. The study examined the effectiveness of the thermochemical method and the method combining microwave radiation intended to separate high-viscous emulsions resulting from the thermal methods to increase oil recovery. The results of the research justify the need to use a complex impact aimed at separating persistent oil emulsions.

Competing-risks model for prediction of small-for-gestational-age neonate from maternal characteristics and medical history.

The established method of identifying a group of women at high risk of delivering a small-for-gestational-age (SGA) neonate, requiring increased surveillance, is use of risk scoring systems based on maternal demographic characteristics and medical history. Although this approach is relatively simple to perform, it does not provide patient-specific risks and has an uncertain performance in predicting SGA. Another approach to predict delivery of a SGA neonate is to use logistic regression models that combine maternal factors with first-trimester biomarkers. These models provide patient-specific risks for different prespecified cut-offs of birth-weight percentile and gestational age (GA) at delivery. First, to develop a competing-risks model for prediction of SGA based on maternal demographic characteristics and medical history, in which GA at the time of delivery and birth-weight Z-score are treated as continuous variables. Second, to compare the predictive performance of the new model for SGA neonates to that of previous methods. This was a prospective observational study in 124 443 women with singleton pregnancy undergoing routine ultrasound examination at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks' gestation. The dataset was divided randomly into a training and a test dataset. The training dataset was used to develop a model for the joint distribution of GA at delivery and birth-weight Z-score from variables of maternal characteristics and medical history. This patient-specific joint Gaussian distribution of GA at delivery and birth-weight Z-score allows risk calculation for SGA defined in terms of different birth-weight percentiles and GA. The new model was then validated in the test dataset to assess performance of screening and we compared its predictive performance to that of logistic regression models for different SGA definitions. In the new model, the joint Gaussian distribution of GA at delivery and birth-weight Z-score is shifted to lower GA at delivery and birth-weight Z-score values, resulting in an increased risk for SGA, by lower maternal weight and height, black, East Asian, South Asian and mixed racial origin, medical history of chronic hypertension, diabetes mellitus and systemic lupus erythematosus and/or antiphospholipid syndrome, conception by in-vitro fertilization and smoking. In parous women, variables from the last pregnancy that increased the risk for SGA were history of pre-eclampsia or stillbirth, decreasing birth-weight Z-score and decreasing GA at delivery of the last pregnancy and interpregnancy interval < 0.5 years. In the test dataset, at a false-positive rate of 10%, the new model predicted 30.1%, 32.1%, 32.2% and 37.8% of cases of a SGA neonate with birth weight < 10th percentile delivered at < 42, < 37, < 34 and < 30 weeks' gestation, respectively, which were similar or higher than the respective values achieved by a series of logistic regression models. The calibration study demonstrated good agreement between the predicted risks and the observed incidence of SGA in both the training and test datasets. A new competing-risks model, based on maternal characteristics and medical history, provides estimation of patient-specific risks for SGA in which GA at delivery and birth-weight Z-score are treated as continuous variables. Such estimation of the a-priori risk for SGA is an essential first step in the use of Bayes' theorem to combine maternal factors with biomarkers for the continuing development of more effective methods of screening for SGA. Copyright © 2020 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

The genes CNV features in the tumor cells in patients with ovarian serous adenocarcinoma.

e13641 Background: Serous adenocarcinoma is the most common subtype of ovarian cancer. Early diagnosis of this disease can significantly improve the prognosis. Development of more effective methods for early diagnosis and identification of more reliable markers require understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the malignant behavior of ovarian epithelial cells. The aim of the study was to analyze the copy number variation (CNV) of genes that regulate apoptosis, DNA repair, cell proliferation, metabolism and estrogen reception in tumor and normal ovarian cells. Methods: For the study, we used tissue sections from FFPE blocks of 65 patients with serous ovarian adenocarcinoma diagnosis. Tumor and normal ovarian epithelial cells were isolated using laser microdissection with non-contact capture (Palm MicroBeam, Carl Zeiss). DNA was extracted from cells using the phenol-chloroform method. CNV of 33 genes (BRAF, KRAS, EGFR, PIK3CA, PTEN, TP53, BRCA1, BRCA2, PRKCI, NOTCH1, AKT1, BAX, CASP7, CASP3, CASP8, CASP9, MDM2, BCL2, CYP1A1, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1A2, CYP1A2, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1, ESR2, GPER, STS, SULT1A, SULT1E1, OCT4, SOX2, C-MYC, SOX18, SCNN1A) were determined by Real-Time qPCR method (reference B2M, GAPDH). Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test. For cluster analysis (Hierarchical Clustering, Euclidean distance) scripts in R were used. Results: A statistically significant (p &lt; 0.005) increase in the CNV of PTEN, MDM2, SOX2, CYP1B1, ESR1, and SULT1E1 by 2.0, 2.0, 1.8, 2.5, 3.0 and 2.0 times, respectively, was found, as well as a 2.0-fold decrease in the CNV of CASP3 and CASP8 in tumor cells relatively to normal ones. Cluster analysis allowed us to distinguish 2 groups of serous adenocarcinoma samples that differed in gene CNV (p &lt; 0.005): in group 1 (n = 40), the copy number of the SOX2, MDM2, ESR1, CYP1B1 and SULT1E1 genes was increased and the copy number of the TP53 and BRCA2 genes was reduced, in group 2 (n = 25), copy number of PTEN, PIK3CA, BCL2 was increased and copy number of BAX, CASP3 and CASP8 was lower. Conclusions: CNV analysis revealed the most characteristic markers of ovarian serous adenocarcinoma cells. Based on the differential CNV, 2 molecular subtypes of serous adenocarcinoma were distinguished.