Development Of Mining Projects Research Articles

An AI-Based Approach for Developing a Recommendation System for Underground Mining Methods Pre-Selection

Selecting the most appropriate mining method to recover mineral resources is a critical decision-making task in mining project development. This study introduces an artificial intelligence-based mining methods recommendation system (AI-MMRS) for the pre-selection of underground mining methods. The study integrates and evaluates the capability of two approaches for mining methods selection (MMS): the memory-based collaborative filtering (CF) approach aided by the UBC-MMS system to predict the top-3 relevant mining methods and supervised machine learning (ML) classification algorithms to enhance the effectiveness and novelty of the AI-MMRS, addressing the limitations of the CF approach. The results reveal that the memory-based CF approach achieves an accuracy ranging from 81.8% to 87.9%. Among the classification algorithms, artificial neural network (ANN) and k-nearest neighbors (KNN) classifiers perform the best, with accuracy levels of 66.7% and 63.6%, respectively. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness and viability of both approaches in MMS, acknowledging their limitations and the need for continuous training and optimization. The proposed AI-MMRS for the pre-selection stage supplemented by the direct involvement of mining professionals in later stages of MMS, has the potential to significantly aid in the MMS decision-making, providing data-driven and experience-based recommendations following the ongoing evolution of mining practices.

The clean energy development path and sustainable development of the ecological environment driven by big data for mining projects

Clean energy is urgently needed to realize mining projects’ sustainable development (SD). This study aims to discuss the clean energy development path and the related issues of SD in the ecological environment driven by big data for mining projects. This study adopts a comprehensive research approach, including a literature review, case analysis, and model construction. Firstly, an in-depth literature review of the development status of clean energy is carried out, and the existing research results and technology applications are explored. Secondly, some typical mining projects are selected as cases to discuss the practice and effect of their clean energy application. Finally, the corresponding clean energy development path and the SD analysis model of the ecological environment are constructed based on big data technology to evaluate the feasibility and potential benefits of promoting and applying clean energy in mining projects. (1) It is observed that under different Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rates, the new and cumulative installed capacities of wind energy show an increasing trend. In 2022, under the low GDP growth rate, the cumulative installed capacity of global wind energy was 370.60 Gigawatt (GW), and the new installed capacity was 45 GW. With the high GDP growth rate, the cumulative and new installed capacities were 367.83 GW and 46 GW. As the economy grows, new wind energy capacity is expected to increase significantly by 2030. In 2046, 2047, and 2050, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions reductions are projected to be 8183.35, 8539.22, and 9842.73 Million tons (Mt) (low scenario), 8750.68, 9087.16, and 10,468.75 Mt (medium scenario), and 9083.03, 9458.86, and 10,879.58 Mt (high scenario). By 2060, it is expected that CO2 emissions reduction will continue to increase. (2) The proposed clean energy development path model has achieved a good effect. Through this study, it is hoped to provide empirical support and decision-making reference for the development of mining projects in clean energy, and promote the SD of the mining industry, thus achieving a win-win situation of economic and ecological benefits. This is of great significance for protecting the ecological environment and realizing the sustainable utilization of resources.

From Stakeholder to Rightsholder – Principles of Inclusion and Participation in Mining Governance

This article examines the evolution of participatory governance in mining and how stakeholder inclusion impacts mining project development. The article is based on a historical case study of mining licensing in Finland and the data includes archival materials, official documents, media texts, and supporting interviews. The article finds that the institutional complexity of the governance processes has increased throughout time as more permits, public institutions and rightsholder groups have been introduced as part of the licensing process. As the stakeholder inclusion has expanded to include virtually anyone, only those groups who hold a particular position by law are able to have meaningful participation and are included in the decisions. This has profound implications for the principles of participatory governance and stakeholder inclusion. These findings contribute to the stakeholder engagement literature by theorising upon the difference of rightsholding and stakeholding for inclusion and participation in governance processes and the role of state for provision of rights.

СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ ФОРМ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ПОДДЕРЖКИ ПРОЕКТОВ ОСВОЕНИЯ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИХ РЕСУРСОВ АРКТИЧЕСКОГО РЕГИОНА

The article is devoted to the issue of assessing the efficiency of measures of state support for projects on the development of energy resources in the Arctic region and on their improving. The development of energy resources of the Arctic region is considered as an object of research. The question is raised about the need for government measures to further increasing the volume of energy production in the Arctic region. The relevance of the topic is due to the rising interest in the raw materials base of the Arctic. In their work, the authors, based on calculations, propose measures for the successful development of mining projects in the Arctic zone with maximum benefit for the state.

THE ISSUE OF THE INVOLUNTARY RESETTLEMENT UPON IMPLEMENTATION OF MINERAL MINING AND PROCESSING PROJECTS

This article concentrates on the issue of the involuntary resettlement upon implementation of mining and processing projects. This study is aimed to substantiate the requirement of careful and timely planning, undertaking mapping of stakeholders and an integrated approach in case of involuntary resettlement issue is arisen, if there is no other option of a mining project development that excludes the involuntary resettlement as the involuntary resettlement is a significant social risk leading to irreversible negative consequences both for communities and enterprises implementing it.

Reconciling standards and the operational needs of mining projects in Africa: Examples from Guinea

Impact assessments and action plans are mandatory during the feasibility phases of mining projects, but are too often perceived as simple legal obligations to obtain development permits. However, these steps must be considered as planning tools for the implementation of a mining project over its entire duration. Adapting these performance standards to actual mining contexts and integrating operational requirements into these documents can simultaneously rationalise costs and optimise efficiency while providing genuine tools for project development. This positioning has the virtue of meeting the requirements of both national legislation and international standards as well as the operational requirements of the project, while optimising investments in all the prerequisites of the feasibility phases. Drawing on findings from research on and assessments of the mining sector in Guinea during 2011–2020, we explore the paradoxes that arise from the objectives of Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) regulations and the constraints that they generate at each phase of mining project development. Based on our analysis, we suggest ways to use these standards to improve the integration of mining projects in their territories while respecting environmental and social sustainability.

A characterisation of the mechanisms transforming capital investment into productive capacity in mining projects with long lead-times

In the development of mining projects, there is a period in between commitment of finance and production commencement. Risks are present in various aspects of development such that production start-up could be delayed, thereby affecting the value of the project. This paper demonstrates the application of convolution in the capital investment problem for projects with long lead-times as a means of characterising the relationship between capital invested and the materialisation of capacity for production to begin. The system is functionally similar to that of a causal linear time-invariant system in signal processing. We find that the filter for capital projects, affecting the rate at which capacity becomes available for use, can be approximated by a straight-line function with positive gradient on bounded support contained in the positive time domain. The deterministic version is derived and evaluated, and uncertainty is simulated in the stochastic version, where variance results from the presence of a random process in the form of a standard Brownian motion.

Statistical assessment of intact rock properties for two underground mining projects at Raglan Mine, Quebec, Canada

ABSTRACT The design of underground mining excavations relies on geotechnical characterization of intact rock through laboratory testing. As mining project development progresses through prefeasibility to production stages, the reliability of estimates of rock mechanics properties needs to increase. However, it is challenging to determine the number of tests needed to adequately estimate intact rock properties at different development stages. This paper looks at the early stages of an underground mining project in the Canadian Arctic where two field and laboratory testing campaigns were conducted to evaluate intact rock tensile and uniaxial compressive strength. Results were statistically compared to target confidence levels associated with different stages of a mining project. The study provides insights for planning future field and laboratory testing campaigns. The methodology also provides a quantitative means to assess whether additional laboratory testing is needed to improve tensile and uniaxial compressive strength estimates.

Extractivismo minero en Perú y subalternidad nacional

Perú es una de las naciones de América Latina con mayor nivel de producción internacional en cuanto a cobre, plata, hierro y oro, entre algunos otros minerales, así como al volumen de recepción de inversión extranjera para el desarrollo de proyectos mineros. Esto se debe principalmente a la liberalización del sector durante la década de los años noventa y a la disminución de los requerimientos fiscales, lo que ha incrementado el interés para invertir en esta industria. El objetivo de este artículo es demostrar cómo para lograr lo anterior se ha tenido que renunciar a múltiples derechos de propiedad territorial, lo que ha fomentado un modelo de desarrollo desigual y que, desde la perspectiva teórica de Harvey tiende hacia la usurpación y despojo en las naciones subdesarrolladas para la apropiación de sus bienes primarios.

Application of ISO 31000 standard on tailings dam safety

Abstract Tailings dam safety is a frequent subject of discussion during mining project development. However, due to recent accidents with these structures, this issue has become even more prominent. A highlighted point is the risk management, which can be defined as the identification, analysis and maintenance of risks at acceptable levels during the design, construction and operation phases. Therefore, this article aims to present the direct application of ISO 31000: Risk Management applied to the safety management of tailings dams. Although not widespread, this standard brings guidelines and principles for the safety management of dams that will contribute to manage the risks associated with these structures in a systematic and effective way.

Social Dimension of the Successful Development of Mining Projects – a Focus on Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining

In Colombia, Peru, and other Latin American countries, different scales of mining activity usually develop in areas with high social, economic, and environmental complexity. Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) is one mining sector that continues to grow and pose challenges for governments, industry, communities, and academics. Although numerous attempts have been made to intervene in this sector and implement cleaner, safer, and more environmentally friendly technologies, the majority of these initiatives have been relatively unsuccessful for they have been founded on myopic understandings of ASGM and the perspective that technology is a silver bullet for addressing the problems associated with ASGM. The complexity of ASGM warrants a different research approach. This paper provides an example of a framework that is being applied to research and engineering education on ASGM. The framework is highly interdisciplinary, international, inter-institutional, and intergenerational in nature. We contend that this type of approach is necessary to support ASGM in becoming a more sustainable livelihood for rural communities in the developing world.

Desarrollo Sostenible MINA-UNIVERSIDAD-COMUNIDAD

El sector minero en el Perú es la industria más influyente en el desarrollo de nuestra economía, aporta un 20% de los ingresos fiscales, contribuye alrededor del 14% PBI nacional y el 62% de las exportaciones. La actividad minera produce prosperidad en las zonas donde se lleva a cabo, pero indudablemente genera un impacto ambiental como cualquier otra actividad. En los últimos años, megaproyectos mineros han quedado paralizados por el conflicto social entre las empresas y las comunidades, quiénes se oponen a la puesta en marcha de éstos basando sus argumentos en la contaminación que genera este sector. Desconociendo que todo desarrollo va de la mano con la contaminación, pero es responsabilidad de las propias empresas minimizarlos. El trabajo con las comunidades es un tema esencial y complejo en el desarrollo de la actividad minera, es un desafío al cual tenemos que adaptarnos y plantear posibles escenarios que conlleve al desarrollo de los proyectos mineros con responsabilidad social y seguridad. Hoy en día, podemos observar que países industrializados como Australia, Canadá o Estados Unidos hacen posible la coexistencia de la minería y la agricultura. La pregunta que nos planteamos: ¿Qué nos falta a nosotros para hacer posible esta coexistencia?

Metal Streaming Instruments As an Tool to Increase Mining Project Values

Abstract Stream financing is an important instrument that supports bringing projects from their development stage into production and maximizing their value. Taking relatively significant difficulties encountered by mining companies with securing project financing in recent years into account and, on the other hand, based on fundamental analysis, the positive potential of the copper market in the upcoming years, stream financing instruments can play a significant role in the copper market by supporting the development of new mining projects owned by companies with limited access to basic sources of funding. On the basis of a fundamental analysis of the copper market, the article explains and justifies presumptions for using metal streaming transactions in financing the development of mining projects at different stages of advancement. T he article explains key metal streaming structuring and valuation rules in such transactions. Additionally, it explains the main requirements related to project stages of development and the competitive position that determines the ability of efficient capital raising by means of streaming. The performed analysis justifies the potential of using metal streaming instruments to maximize project value. Disadvantages of metal streaming are related mainly to the lack of participation in potential further metal price increase in relation to the prices used in streaming instruments. Due to the discount in company valuation that may occur in the event the cost of production increases after additional revenue from precious metals no longer exists, streaming instruments are suitable mainly to the low cost assets.

Isolation and Selection of Halophilic Ureolytic Bacteria for Biocementation of Calcium and Magnesium from Seawater

Antofagasta the second region of Chile is known worldwide for its extensive mining activity, mainly in the production of copper, molybdenum, iodine and lithium. It is also one of the driest areas of the world with few sources of fresh water that in addition to the current increase in the development of mining projects, it has generated a strong necessity for sea water uses in industrial processes. Recently some mining companies are evaluating the use of seawater in various processes, including mineral flotation. However, they have determined a low metallurgical recovery mainly of Mo, due to the effect of secondary ions as calcium, magnesium, sulfate and bicarbonate present in sea water, which precipitate at alkaline pH and produce colloids that interfere in flotation.As a biotechnology alternative to increase the recovery of valuable species by flotation in seawater, it has been isolated and characterized selected native halophilic bacteria in the Atacama Desert, which used urea as a source of energy to produce ammonia and CO2. The ammonia increases the pH of carbonate generating means, which provides favorable conditions for the formation and precipitation of Ca and Mg carbonates and secondary ions presented in high concentration in seawater.The results show that from the total isolates, 22% has proven urease activity by the method of Christensen and phenolphthalein. Furthermore, isolates were evaluated for their ability to precipitate these ions by biocementation assay. Those bacterial isolates that precipitate these ions faster were identified phylogenetically and urease activity and microbial kinetics were quantified. Finally the obtained crystals were subjected to electron scanning microscopy and X-ray diffraction determining the morphology of the crystals production and mineralogical composition.

The mining industry in Canada north of the 55th parallel: a maritime traffic generator?

This paper reviews and assesses the state of the mining industry in Canada north of the 55th parallel. It aims to describe and monitor to what extent the development of mining projects in the Canadian Arctic are likely to trigger and expand commercial shipping in Canadian Arctic waters. Based on a literature and statistical review of publicly available information, the results show that only 3 actives mines out of 10 rely on a shipping logistics through Canadian Arctic waters to export raw materials. Once active and in operation, seven other mining projects will likely increase commercial shipping activities through Canadian Arctic waters, while it remains difficult to quantify precisely. However, this paper argues that the viability of northern mineral development is related to a wide variety of conditions including access to capital and foreign direct investment for the development and construction of infrastructure, international market conditions, and shifting demand which largely determines commodity prices and the profitability of a project, harsh environmental conditions, and high operating costs in northern latitudes. In this context, there is no Arctic mining rush and all these factors contribute to increasing the cost of doing business in the north.

Effective environmental governance and outcomes for gold mining in Obuasi and Birim North Districts of Ghana

Environmental governance of mining has been central in contemporary discourse of the development of mining projects in Africa and parts of the developing world. This paper assesses the effectiveness of environmental governance of gold mining in Obuasi and Birim North Districts of Ghana and the nature of outcomes that effective governance produces for communities and the environment. A survey of four communities and interviews of 384 respondents were conducted using questionnaires, focus group discussion and field observations. An index of the value of responses was created to measure the effectiveness of environmental governance using five variables (participation, accountability, fairness, partnership and institutional quality). A logit regression model was also used to determine the nature of outcomes produced by effective environmental governance for communities and the environment. The results showed that environmental governance was on the average effective and produced outcomes which were beneficial for communities and the environment. The study recommended an expansion of the scope and an increase in the standards of environmental governance to guarantee uninterrupted access of communities to environmental resources.

An Extensive Analysis of Mining in Nigeria Using a GIS

The Nigerian mineral sector is undergoing radical structural reforms to allow for maximal exploitation, in view of its potential in diversifying the national economy. As part of the reforms, mineral titles and permits are granted by a new mining cadastre system. This article examines the spatial distribution of the licences granted so far using the geographic information system (GIS). A simple spatial and attribute query was used to select all types of licences based on their locations. The country appears to be virgin territory with exploration in brown and greenfields extensively dominating mining by activity. This paper contends, however, that widespread mineral exploration has certain policy implications that, when put in place at this stage of mining project development, are likely to mitigate the problems associated with the extractive economy.

TRADE AND FOOD SECURITY AS COMPONENTS OF COOPERATION-A NETWORK OF BUSINESS ECOSYSTEMS INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT OF THE ARCTIC TERRITORIES OF KRASNOYARSK

The article examines the issues of improving trade and food security in the Arctic territories of the region in terms of the rapid development of mining projects and processing of ores of non-ferrous metals, oil, gas transportation and the development of new logistics, including the Northern sea route and polar move. Analyzed manifested opportunities for the development of new practices of co-organization of business ecosystems integrated their use with a view to preserving traditions of indigenous peoples of the North, weak coupling areas and the high significance of the projects. The hypothesis is tested that the most successful for the development of such territories will be the formation of cooperative-network business ecosystems in relation to the goals and objectives of socio-economic development, in the cooperation of the resources of the state, business and the population. The possibilities of cooperation of digital technology resources of large corporations, the state and local communities for the implementation of new interactions for the sustainable development of territories are shown. The approaches implemented in the article can be used in research and practical projects for the development of sparsely populated, loosely connected territories of new development.

Recruitment of Single Men to Remote Enterprises: Some Implications for Policy Formulation

In view of the importance of the recent development of mining projects in the Australian tropics, in 1971 the CSIRO Division of Building Research set up an inter-disciplinary task force to demonstrate how conditions could be created in the associated remote communities such that:(a) people will be attracted to these towns; and(b) residents will enjoy a quality of life as good as or better than that which they would expect to lead in developed centres anywhere in Australia.In the course of a number of surveys in the early phase of this work, it became apparent that the existence of single men in these mining enterprises was often seen by managers to present a particular set of problems. In a number of cases they tended to be regarded as a necessary evil, and were stigmatized as unruly. For planners they represented a homogeneous group, who must be buffered from contract with the rest of the population. This often results in their being isolated from the community proper by being banished to barracks in remote corners of the settlement.Accordingly in 1975 a sub-sample of single men was interviewed in Nhulunbuy concerning their attitudes and feel ings about the community. This paper explores one facet that emerged in the course of the interviews — the need to differentiate single men according to their subjective orientation rather than treat them as a homogeneous group.