Development Of Mass Tourism Research Articles

СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ ГОТЕЛЬНОГО БІЗНЕСУ УКРАЇНИ: ЧИННИКИ ТА ПРОБЛЕМИ

The article discusses the current state of hotel business in Ukraine and provides grounds and prospects for its further development along with revealing the main challenges faced by the hotel sector in Ukraine in recent years. Since the beginning of 2014, the Ukrainian hotel services market has experienced sharp decline affected by volatile socioeconomic situation, external armed aggression in the East part of the country, the annexation of the Crimean Peninsula, as well as a range of other critical systemic problems. The study suggests promising vectors in the national hotel industry development, provides its dynamics statistics and presents a forecast as to the number of hotels and similar accommodation in Ukraine. The findings have identified major trends in the dynamics of the domestic tourist flows that greatly affect the hotel business development. It is emphasized that currently the hotel industry is facing a serious crisis. The study also reveals the key barriers to successful development of hotel business in Ukraine together with identifying the critical factors driving the Ukrainian hospitality sector, such as public governance, social, economic, financial, environmental, safety factors, etc. Practical implications of the research cover a set of priority measures to enhance the Ukrainian hotel industry performance which involve in particular the creation of a strong investment climate; ensuring comfortable and safe tourist environment to visit the Ukraine; building effective policies to promote mass tourism development and its implementation at the governmental level; re-thinking of the tourist tax mechanisms; designing projects to improve the condition of historic monuments and to construct new mass tourism facilities; gaining a competitive edge in the hospitality sector by implementing new management models, modern research and technology advances in hotels; ensuring hotel industry transparency with a focus towards customers, etc. A special emphasis is put to the critical need of further research to boost the search for new mechanisms to reform the hospitality sector, to develop new concepts and management methods, since the permanent turbulence of both internal and external environment trigger new problems and challenges to the Ukrainian hotel business realia.

Visitors’ motivations and behaviours at pilgrimage centres: push and pull perspectives

ABSTRACT Religious tourism is one of the fastest growing and changing sectors of the world tourism market because of, among other things, social-cultural changes in the 20th and 21st centuries (i.e. the development of transport and mass tourism, globalization, secularization, and commercialization). Pilgrimage centres are important destinations also for general heritage tourism. Despite their global importance and growing popularity, there is still a lack of the knowledge about the complexity, multidimensionality, and diversity of journeys to pilgrimage centres. Here, the results from a comprehensive empirical study on visitors’ motivations and behaviours to pilgrimage centres in Poland are presented for the first time, to provide insight into contemporary religious tourism. The diversity and dependence of the main motivations, additional motivations, behaviours, and socio-demographic research sample indicators were analyzed. The motivations and behaviours are varied and multi-faceted, and include mainly religious and tourist factors, but are also related to cultural heritage tourism, recreation, social/family life, and additional factors. A conceptual model is presented of the motivations of pilgrimage centre visitors based on the push-pull motivational framework, adapted to religious tourism, taking into account the importance of the religious element – as an innovative contribution – summarized the studies.

The changing roman catholic pilgrimage centres in Europe in the context of contemporary socio-cultural changes

ABSTRACT The socio-cultural changes in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, i.e. the development of mass tourism and transport, the secularization, the commercialization and globalization of societies and life as well as the blurring of the boundaries between tourism-pilgrimages in many aspects have influenced on pilgrimage centres. Previously, sanctuaries were only sacred buildings visited mainly by people with religious motivations (pilgrims). Nowadays, pilgrimage centres are developed with multiple buildings (called sacred complexes or religious-recreational parks), offering additional cultural and tourist facilities for visitors with diverse motivations (pilgrims, religious tourists, and tourists in the traditional meaning). Here, we present the changes of Roman Catholic pilgrimage centres in Europe and discuss them in the context of contemporary socio-cultural changes. Particular attention is paid to the sanctuaries’ spatial development as a factor reflecting changes in tourism in time, i.e. ‘new’ visitors’ needs, motivations, experiences, and other socio-cultural changes – i.e. the secularization and the commercialization. Based on the results from 28 most popular European pilgrimage centres we proposed two conceptual models. The first describes the stages of pilgrimage centres’ development, and the second is a model of a contemporary pilgrimage centre.

Perkembagan Wisata Mendaki Di Gunung Agung


 
 
 Bali as one of the axes of Indonesian tourism, has two types of tourism, including mass tourism and special interest tourism. Both tours have each interested person or tourist that can be seen from the motivation of visiting tourists. The development of mass tourism in Bali experienced a good increase of the number of tourist destinations from the early days of tourism taken over by the Indonesian government from colonialism in the 1960s to the present time is the type of tourism that brought tourists the most. in contrast to special interest tourism, this type of tourism is not considered to be one of the sources of regional income because the characteristics of tourism activities tend to be carried out with a limited number of tourists. Like the potential of Mount Agung. Gunung Agung has the potential of nature and culture and has a high historical value. Until when tourism enters Bali, Gunung Agung has not been glimpsed to become one of the tourist attractions. At that time Mount Agung was still used as a place for carrying out Hindu spiritual activities. Along with the development of knowledge and technology at that time, a new activity was born in Mount Agung, namely outdoor climbing activities. Tourism then joins with the climbing activity so that the new tourism power will be called Gunung Agung for hiking activities.Related to the above matter, the formulation of the problem in this study was formed, raising about the potentials found in Mount Agung which was later linked to the formulation of the second problem, namely the development of tourism climbing Mount Agung. This study used the observation method, researchers in this topic also acted as one of the activists of hiking tourism activities and then looking for data by interviewing people who were considered relevant to the problem such as the head of the tourism conscious group, a climber in the 1970s, forestry agency the province of Bali, as well as a guide who guides tours up Mount Agung. As for the results obtained in this study, the first is the potentials found in Mount Agung are natural potential, cultural potential, and artificial potential. Natural potential in the form of cliffs, slopes, forests, and the crater of Mount Agung. cultural potential in the form of pelinggih and temples at certain points along the Besakih line and Pura Pasar Agung. while the artificial potential in the form of climbing activities, paragliding, and others. The results of the second question formulation question will then be presented using the tourismemorphosis analysis concept (Anom et al. 2018) which explains the development of using four stages including the introduction stage, reaction stage, institutionalization stage, and the Compromise stage.
 Keywords: Bali tourism, Tourismemorphosis, Mount Agung, tourism special interests
 
 

Lizbona – miasto zawłaszczone

Lisbon – A City Taken Over. Who Does the Portuguese Capital Belong to?
 Dynamic development of tourism is a force transforming many of today’s cities. Changes caused by growing tourism mobility are visible at different levels: economic (imbalance of housing market, increasing prices), socio-cultural (gentrification and its consequences: change of inhabitants’ profiles, new neighborhood relations, new styles of consumption) and aesthetic-symbolic (intervention in urban landscapes through modernization and reorganization of traditional spaces). As an answer to these processes different forms of social protest appear against the uncontrolled development of mass tourism. The aim of this paper is to show the dynamics between the inhabitants of historical zones of Lisbon and visitors, as well as to explain the consequences of touristification on social relations in urban space.

Unregulated built-up area expansion on Santorini Island, Greece

ABSTRACT Unregulated built-up area expansion is a typical practice in Greece mostly on the islands, it is driven by the mass tourism development and the demand for second houses. Significant social, economic and environmental issues are linked to this practice. Santorini, a Greek island – which is characterized by important natural and cultural heritage properties and intense tourist development – is chosen here for the empirical part of the study. This paper attempts to study and quantify both the unregulated built-up area expansion and its impact on the natural and cultural environment. The intense ex-urban built-up area expansion that takes place on Santorini is interpreted on the basis of the Greek spatial planning framework so that its weaknesses that emerge will address the issue.

The side effects of mass tourism: the voices of Bali islanders

ABSTRACTThis research extends preceding academic efforts concerning the impacts of mass tourism to the socio-cultural well-being of the hosts. A total of 20 Bali islanders who have met the predetermined criteria were sampled. Results suggesting that mass tourism development not only influences the local environment, economy, and business governance but more importantly the people, culture, heritage, and traditions. Even though that mass tourism in Bali remains to offer financial opportunities and stimulating infrastructural growth, nevertheless, the opportunity costs that the tourism development of Bali has to bear is the trade-off of environmental, cultural, and social meaning to the local community.

Sustainable tourism development indicators for mountain destinations in the Republic of Serbia

ABSTRACT Uncontrolled development of mass tourism has led to the over-exploitation of tourism resources in a short period of time. By insisting solely on the economic effects of development, tourism has irreversibly degraded and to a certain extent ‘exhausted’ resources and attractiveness of destinations, thereby leading to their stagnation, and ultimately, to a decline in tourism activities in many destinations. By introducing the concept of sustainable tourism development, tourism analysis extends to other effects that tourism development produces in a given area, primarily the environmental, social and cultural ones. The paper analyses the achieved level of development of tourism in mountain destinations in the Republic of Serbia by using the comparative indicators of sustainable tourism applied in the EU countries. The results of the research indicate that the development of tourism in mountain destinations of the Republic of Serbia does not fully comply with sustainable development. In this respect, the paper provides specific recommendations on how to make tourism sustainable and therefore implement acceptable long-term concept of development of mountain destinations.

Przekształcenie krajobrazu kulturowego Cypru

Przez ostatnie kilkadziesiąt lat regiony nadmorskie Republiki Cypryjskiej zmieniły się głównie pod wpływem rozwoju turystyki. W tym czasie tradycyjne obszary wiejskie stopniowo się przekształciły w związku m.in. z migracją mieszkańców do miast. Na tych terenach tradycyjny krajobraz wiejski utracił swój pierwotny charakter oraz rytm narzucony przez gospodarowanie, a wsie i małe miasteczka się wyludniły. Widoczne dziś w krajobrazie opuszczone sadyby i postępująca sukcesja na terenach dawniej użytkowanych rolniczo są znakami utraty dziedzictwa kulturowego i tradycji. Rozwój przemysłu turystycznego generowany jest dziś turystyką masową. Powstają obiekty hotelarskie o dużej skali, niedostosowane do charakteru miejsca. Zagadnienia związane ze zmianami w krajobrazie wyspy oraz z różnymi formami izolacji (izolacja turystyczna, izolacja społeczna) stanowią podstawę do prowadzonych rozważań. Celem pracy jest analiza aktualnego stanu krajobrazu kulturowego na wybranych obszarach południowej części Cypru. Do określenia stopnia przekształceń krajobrazu wykorzystano dostępne materiały źródłowe (aktualne i archiwalne), przeprowadzono analizy terenowe oraz wywiad środowiskowy. Badania pozwoliły na określenie czynników wpływających na zmiany oraz stopień przekształceń krajobrazu kulturowego. Wśród najważniejszych czynników można wymienić marginalizację obszarów wiejskich, migrację ludności do miast, postępującą suburbanizację oraz rozwój turystyki masowej.

Planning for the North-European Waterfront Cities

Redevelopment of urban waterfronts is one of the leading themes in contemporary planning practice. This issue is a subject of interest to many scholars and practitioners, associated with development of waterfront cities. In literature on this topic one can find a lot of information regarding leading examples of this process, discussion of issues and problems associated with this phenomenon as well as analysis of the results achieved. In addition, many specialists in this field managed to develop a sort of “guide of good practice” for cities and planners interested in undertaking an effort associated with reshaping the waterfront site. But one can easily spot that most of the cases discussed are based in climate zones allowing extensive public use of the waterfront sites for the most part of the year. Therefore, the phenomenon of waterfront redevelopment is frequently associated with extensive development of large scale urban structures, in the climate realities allowing extensive public usage of these. On the basis of the “success stories” of many cities undertaking the waterfront urban redevelopment process also municipalities located in “less privileged” from the climate point of view areas as well as small-and medium-sized cities tend to rethink their water related urban structures. This relates both to cities located in the hot and cold climate zones – which to large extent make the traditional type of waterfront redevelopment patterns unviable, both due to climate conditions and – being the result of those – different economic and cultural realities. In result, the design patterns based on the traditional “success stories” seem to be unsuitable for these locations and the designers and developers of waterfront sites located in such cities have to look for the alternative solutions. Same applies to small- and medium-sized cities, which not necessarily bear potential for implementation of the mixed-use, large-scale urban projects. In these cases also the problem of relations between “global” trends associated with development of mass tourism as well as with implementing the typical mixed-use patterns and specifics of local economy and cultural environment has to be taken into account. Within the proposed paper the specifics of small-and medium-sized waterfront cities, located outside the “climate comfort zone” will be elaborated. Within this group the special attention will be paid to the cities located in the northern Europe. Usually these are small and medium –sized municipalities, rarely aspiring to become the leading centers of urban development in their respective countries. At the same time their economy was traditionally based on fishing, small-scale maritime industries and local trade. In addition, in many cases these cities are not extremely attractive for mass tourism and are located aside from major transportation routes. Therefore, it seems necessary to rethink the “urban waterfront development pattern” within these sites, as the strategies based on copying the solutions known from larger cities cannot be effectively used.

A Domestic Space: The Central and Eastern Carpathians in the Polish Tourist and Local Lore Discourse, 1918–1939

The article presents various ways of ideologization of the Central (Boyko and Lemko regions) and Eastern (Hutsul region) Carpathians in interwar Poland. After the Polish-Ukrainian War (1918–1919), that part of the Carpathian mountain range was situated in the Second Polish Republic. In contrast to the Tatras, which played the role of Polish national landscape, the Carpathians were alien to Poles in terms of ethnicity and culture. Thus, the Polish authorities, as well as touristic and local lore organizations, sought and largely managed to transform these mountains into a domestic landscape, which was no center of national identity but constituted an important spot on the mental map of the Polish national community, recognized as an undeniable part of Polish statehood. The article shows how the exoticization of the Carpathians, state holidays, and the development of state-funded mass tourism resulted in the increased sense of familiarity between Polish lowlanders and highlanders and, consequently, the symbolic inscription of the Carpathians into the Polish domain and common imagination.

KAWASAN EKONOMI KHUSUS (KEK) MANDALIKA DALAM IMPLEMENTASI KONSEP PARIWISATA BERBASIS ECOTOURISM: PELUANG DAN TANTANGAN

This article analyzes the concept of ecotourism as an alternative to the eco-friendly tourism sector. The tourism sector becomes one of the strategic sectors in increasing the country's economic growth. The multiplier effect of tourism industry makes this sector continue to increase significantly. Indonesia sets this sector as core leading sector. The government's seriousness in working on tourism destinations, realized by forming Special Economic Zone (KEK) of tourism, one of which is KEK Mandalika. However, in the midst of mass tourism development, the concern over environmental issues has come under scrutiny. Tourism industry demanded to also pay attention to the environmental damages caused by the development of the tourism industry. This research further finds that KEK Mandalika uses the ecotourism concept in response to the demands for the tourism industry to be sustainable and started to put more concern over environmental issues. The application of ecotourism in several sectors in KEK Mandalika is done because ecotourism is called to be an alternative for the development of eco-friendly tourism sector. However, a number of challenges arise on how ecotourism should not only involves a small part of the entourage or elite party, and still put forward the environmental aspect amid the demands of a rapidly growing tourism market.

Foto Selfie sebagai Daya Tarik Minat Khusus di Anjungan Tukad Melangit (ATM) Kabupaten Bangli

A special interest tourism has become the current tourism trend, where special interest tourism is a kind of alternative tourism to avoid the development of mass tourism which tend to have negative impact so far. The special interest tourism that became a new phenomenon in the world of tourism became one of the demands for the providers of tourist services. The motivation of tourists in finding something new and having a quality tourist experience leads to increasea demand for special interest tourists. Especially for the providers of tourism services in Bali are required to provide a new innovations, interesting and different from usual. One of the special interest tourism potential that is currently being uploaded in social media is selfie photo tour at Tukad Melangit Pavilion (ATM) located in Antugan Hamlet, Jehem Village, Tembuku Subdistrict, Bangli Regency. But the potential of tourism has not been explored to the maximum so it is necessary to make the development program development efforts to increase the number of tourist visits.<br />

Tourist Intensity in the World, 1995–2015: Two Measurement Proposals

The work emphasizes the importance of measuring the tourist intensity of the economies that are oriented to tourism activity, with the aim of avoiding subjective arguments and being more related to perception than with the empirical contrast of the data. A tourist intensity index is proposed, which is made up of four essential variables: GDP, tourist spending, population, and the number of tourists. However, at the same time, it is complemented by a measure of tourist density, which helps to better understand the proposed index. This allows for the classification of countries according to the resulting index, and to calibrate their position in the set of tourist economies. This can be very useful for the application of economic policies aimed at correcting externalities that are generated in the advanced development of mass tourism.

The Role of Tour Operators and Suppliers in the Resident–Visitor Relationship: Chinese Mass Tourism in East Malaysia

In tourism, local residents and foreign visitors do sometimes patronize the same hosts (e.g., service providers). Conflict between a resident and a visitor is organic and unavoidable at any tourism destination. Although there is a huge literature about this conflict, the process that is involved in the development or resolution of the conflict has not been described adequately. Documenting the process could provide an understanding of the role and importance of hospitality to a relationship between two different groups of people. To document the resident–visitor relationship, a case study on the development of mass tourism at Kota Kinabalu was carried out through a combination of communication media investigative methods to uncover social processes associated with hospitality. The findings showed that new or amateur tourism operators began supporting mass tourism by misappropriating local culture and traditions in the beginning of mass tourism. This misappropriation affected hospitality, leading to a resource competition between a resident and a visitor. This competition eventually evolved into a conflict. Furthermore, the findings showed that tourism suppliers are tasked to address and resolve the conflict between the residents and the visitors, and they do this by introducing a different form of hospitality. As a result, the resident–visitor relationship is changed. Hence, hospitality is a decisive relationship factor and its absence qualifies tourism being for the masses.

La clave es el paisaje. Explorando alternativas al turismo de masas

Este texto propone una reflexión sobre la posibilidad de desarrollar proyectos innovadores de turismo sostenible en torno al concepto de paisaje en contextos que han experimentado procesos de masificación turística estrechamente ligados a la actividad inmobiliaria. Tomando como marco de referencia la provincia de Alicante, ejemplo ilustrativo de región especializada en la vertiente residencial, se identifica como caso de estudio paradigmático el proyecto Vivood Landscape Hotel, cuyo entorno inmediato lo conforma el municipio de Benimantell y el valle de Guadalest, a pocos kilómetros de Benidorm. La reflexión se fundamenta en una investigación de carácter cualitativo basada principalmente en la aplicación de entrevistas en profundidad a actores sociales clave a propósito de esta iniciativa empresarial multipremiada, en la que convergen criterios de sostenibilidad arquitectónica y ambiental con un desarrollo integrador y respetuoso con los intereses socioeconómicos de la población local.

КРАЕВЕДЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВАНИЯ АКТИВНОГО ТУРИЗМА

The article considers the history of the domestic local lore in the Soviet period from of the “small geography” to the history of party building in a specific area (region) or the city. As a result, the scientific world regarded the local lore studies not as the fundamental knowledge, but as educational or monuments protection activities.
 Internet and mass tourism development engaged general public at the the process of geographical knowledge. Networked communities are replacing the territorial communities, and local lore is becoming a networked. The active tourism practices mix training with fun, adventure and search activities. It is assumed that the search for knowledge and understanding through active tourism will be the dominant theme of the education of the future.
 Ideology of local history lies in conservatism and catastrophism. The technosphere complication occurs with simplifying its diversity and growth of risk of a catastrophic outcome. In other words, all of the obsolete, outgoing and unnecessary in a critical mode may be the most necessary.

‘Getting milk from the chicken’: Hospitality and hospitableness in Bulgaria’s mass tourism resorts

Abstract This chapter explores notions and practices of hospitality among tourism workers in the Bulgarian coastal resort of Golden Sands. At its centre is the question whether it is justified to speak of hospitality in the context of service production in a mass tourism resort. Based on ethnographic data and building on Elizabeth Telfer’s notions of the good host and hospitableness, it investigates the provision of commercial hospitality in Golden Sands in the late socialist period and under the conditions of post-socialist mass tourism development. Practices of hospitality were markedly influenced by the transformation of the organization of tourism in the resort. Changes in the organization of labour and the post-socialist tourism boom had a profound effect on workers’ ability to be good hosts and to create moments of hospitableness in their daily interactions with tourists.

Local reactions to mass tourism and community tourism development in Macau

ABSTRACTBy 2014, it became apparent that a popular debate was emerging in many destinations about the “annoyances” felt by local residents in the face of an upsurge in inbound tourism. This study investigates residents’ attitudes toward mass tourism and tourism development in Macau. It comprises an examination of three emotional solidarity factors of residents’ perceptions of the contribution of tourism to the community and the community's experiences of so-called “annoyances” from tourists that may ultimately influence residents’ attitudes toward community tourism development. The results of this study reveal that three emotional solidarity factors play different roles in influencing residents’ attitudes about community tourism and community tourism development. The theoretical contributions, as well as implications, are discussed and future research opportunities are proposed.

Interdependence of Transport and Tourism

The shuttle service in tourism depends on physical accessibility of a destination, on movement within the destination and the transport itself. In today’s world, transport is not just the act of getting to a wanted destination. Moreover, travelling by a certain vehicle can be a tourist attraction, if the transportation means is designed to arouse the feeling of joy and excitement. The purpose of the study is to define the basic determinants of transport and transport infrastructure, and also to explore the role of transport in the development of tourism. The aim is to point out the interdependence of transport and tourism, considering that the development of transport infrastructure has encouraged the development of mass tourism. The authors analyse the importance of transport infrastructure and the quality of transportation means when it comes to choosing a destination for a tourist trip. In order to evaluate the role of transport in the sustainable development of tourism, experts analyse forms of transport which are a tourist attraction by themselves, and provide an overview of certain forms of transport.