Development Of Marriage Research Articles

Implementation of the principle of people’s ownership: nutritional theory and legal status

It appears that the Constitution of Ukraine has voted for the sovereignty and united power of the people, which it implements directly through the bodies of state power and local self-government. The main manifestation of the power of the people is the referendum and free elections. The forms of centralized people’s rule, which are enshrined in Section 3 of the Constitution, play an initial role for the current political constitutionalism, which directly contributes to the development of a huge partnership between the powers that we hope is possible It is possible to provide the free-willed population with the widest range of nutrition. State power and local self-government function effectively due to the presence of developed institutions of direct democracy. Today’s practice of establishing the hidden forms of middle-free democracy significantly outpaces the theoretical developments in this area. The nutrition itself is voluminous, and at the same time there are a great number of gaps and gaps in the possibility of constitutional consolidation of new forms of unmediated democracy, especially in justice.
 It appears that direct democracy in the state-legal system means ensuring the control and accountability of representative bodies before their voters, interspersed with Swaville. In other words, direct democracy is a specific mechanism, an institution in the middle of a democratic regime, which is equally important to the functioning of representative democracy. It appears that in legal literature there are different meanings of the concept of “form (institution) of middle-of-the-road democracy.” From the legal scientific literature it is clear that the forms of direct democracy mean “the ways and means of direct control over the people or any part of them, which includes the transfer of ownership to any bodies or individuals.”
 On the basis of the analysis of scientific issues, the authors share the firm belief (L. Shipilov) in favor of direct democracy, that access to the stated ideal implies the convergence of “pure” non-median forms of economic power from the professional sphere the integrity of the state authorities. Only through the steady mutual interaction of the representative form in all types of people, permanent legitimation of delegated power, bilateral communication Together with the people and their representatives, mass political participation will be ensured. In this case, the ideological basis of people’s rule is popular sovereignty, the supremacy of power over the people, which actually works in the interests of the people. The idea of popular sovereignty played an extremely important role in the development of marriage, in the formation of democratic ambushes in the political life of various countries (A. Kolodiy).

Marriages of the urban Kazakhs and Russians of Northern Kazakhstan: current trends and prospects

Inter-ethnic marriages are relevant markers of the blurring of ethnic boundaries, and they show the degree of integration of the society. Mixed marriages between Russians and Kazakhs were previously rare, despite the continuance of side-by-side residence and tolerant relationships. Among the impediments were the concerns of the Kazakhs about the loss of ethno-cultural traditions and subsequent assimilation. The situation changed since the mid-1990s, when the accelerated urbanization and modernization led to the increase in the number of mixed marriages among the Kazakh population. In this article, main trends in the development of marriages between the Russians and Kazakhs are shown with the example of urban residents of Petropavlovsk from the mid-1990s to 2020. The aim of the work is to study the factors contributing to the intensification or blocking of inter-ethnic mar-riage and to analyze the impact of inter-ethnic marriages on ethno-cultural attitudes and identity. The source base of the study comprised the materials of the act books of the state registration of the civil status acts from the city department of the Civil Registry Office of the Department of Justice of the North Kazakhstan region. The trends identified in the materials of the Civil Registry Office were verified by conducting ethno-sociological studies. The research showed a steady increase in the number of marriages between the Kazakhs and Russians and a change in the attitude of the Kazakhs on the mixed marriages in a positive direction. The analysis of the socio-logical surveys indicates a positive or neutral attitude of the majority of the respondents to the very fact of mixed marriage and its further consequences. Quantitative data on the city of Petropavlovsk confirm the long-term trend of increase in the number of marriages between the Russians and Kazakhs. Qualitative changes are represented by the involvement of Kazakh women in marriages with Russians, since previously such marriages were a rare exception. Inter-ethnic marriages between the Kazakhs and Russians has a profound effect on preservation of ethno-cultural traditions, shifting them towards a «European» family with such characteristics as gender equality and individual choice. However, mixed marriages between the Russians and Kazakhs do not lead to the formation of hybrid and panethnic groups, there is no construction of new ethnic borders. The choice of identity is made primarily by the father. The increase in the proportion of the urban Kazakhs leads to the intensification of inter-ethnic marriage and formation of a two-part local community due to the assimilation of ethnic minorities.

Правовое регулирование брачно-семейных отношений в средневековой Англии

Introduction: the family is one of the greatest values created by mankind in the entire history of its existence. Society and the state are interested in its positive development, preservation and consolidation; everyone needs a strong, reliable family, regardless of age. The purpose of this article is to consider the development of marriage and family relations in medieval England and their features. To reveal the position of the author of the article about why knowledge about family and marriage relations in medieval England is needed in modern Russia, which is significant for Russian civil and family law. When writing the article, the following research methods were used - analysis and synthesis, classification and comparison methods. Results: the article considers that by the example of studying English gender relations in the medieval period, it is possible to trace the process of formation of gender history in modern medieval studies. The author has carried out work on the study of existing forms of marriage in England, the processes of transformation of the family into a stable basis of Western society. Conclusions: as a result of the study, it was found that in the Middle Ages monogamous marriage prevailed over polygamy and a man’s right to divorce, and its goal gradually shifted from realizing the interests of parents and relatives to meeting the needs of a married couple. Over time, the ancient clan lost its importance and disappeared. Thus, constantly changing in its composition throughout the life cycle, the family household already dominated at all levels of the social landscape by the boundary separating the Middle Ages from Modern Times.

The development of marriage and family therapy in East Asia (China, Taiwan, Japan, South Korea and Hong Kong): past, present and future

The discipline of marriage and family therapy (MFT) has been established around the world. Inspired by theories and models developed in Western countries, professionals in East Asian countries over the last two decades have been dedicated to introducing the concepts of MFT to local mental health professionals. This paper presents an overview of the cultural background of East Asian cultures, a summary of MFT development in East Asia, and a discussion of key challenges to advancing MFT in East Asia. We provide recommendations to overcome these obstacles, including bridging the gap between MFTs in the West and East Asia, developing country‐specific MFT development plans, establishing accreditation and licensing regulation, increasing the public awareness of MFT, increasing collaboration among training institutes and the number of qualified MFT trainers and training locations, and developing culturally attuned MFT training and practices.Practitioner points Direct application of Western approaches to the East Asian context can be detrimental if therapists do not carefully examine the cultural differences and adapt accordingly A critical step in developing MFT in East Asia is to develop country/region‐specific plans including the recognition of the history, values, and distinctive features of Asian families

التحليل المكاني لظاهرتي الزواج والطلاق في محافظة دهوك (2008 – 2016)

يدرس البحث التباين المكاني والزماني لظاهرتي الزواج والطلاق على مستوى محافظة دهوك ومدنها بالاضافة الى الوقوف على واقع حالات الزواج والطلاق ودراسة هذا الواقع وفق التركيب العمري والنوعي، وتأتي أهمية البحث من كون الظاهرتين لم تحظيا، في دهوك، بدراسات علمية جادة رغم أهميتها في البناء الاجتماعي ومحاولة إيجاد الحلول للتقليل من ظاهرة الطلاق. ويفترض البحث إرتفاع حالات الطلاق خلال فترة الدراسة ولعدة أسباب منها اجتماعية واقتصادية وغيرها. وإتبع البحث المنهج الوصفي والتحليل الكمي للبيانات الخاصة بالظاهرتين، ومن اجل الوصول الى أهداف البحث فقد تم تقسيمه الى ثلاثة مباحث، تناول الاول منها تطور حالات الزواج والطلاق في محافظة دهوك للفترة ( 2008- 2016)، أما المبحث الثاني فإهتم بدراسة واقع حالات الزواج والطلاق في المحافظة لسنة 2016 ويدرس أولا واقع حالات الزواج والطلاق وفق التركيب العمري، وثانيا وفق واقع الزواج والطلاق وفق التركيب النوعي، أما المبحث الثالث فيدرس أهم الأسباب المؤدية الى الطلاق.

Study on Implicit Discrimination in Marriage Law of China

In recent years, the divorce rate in China has increased year by year. The proportion of female active divorce increases, the fertility willingness of women declines and the willingness to marry of unmarried women to fall. The current Marriage Law in China and its judicial interpretation gradually replace the family property system with the personal property system, ignoring the rights and interests of women as the main bearers of housework, which constitutes implicit discrimination at the institutional level. The individualism orientation of the current Marriage Law and the deviation of the value orientation under the judicial guidance not only impair the stability and development of marriage and family, but also are not conducive to protecting the equal rights of women.

Research on the Connection of Social Security System under the Development of Cross-Strait Marriage and Family: Current Situation, Obstacles and Paths

With the increasing number of marriages between Taiwan and mainland China in recent years, the size of the group that flows and settles across the two sides has been constantly expanding, which requires the cross-Strait social security system to cooperate and set up institutional co-operation and cohesion mechanisms to help more families response to life risks effectively and promote the development of cross-Strait marriage. Taking the development of marriages on both sides of the Taiwan Strait as a background, this paper uses the practical experience of international communities and the developed countries in Europe and the United States to sort out and analyze the current cooperation status of the social security system across both sides. Also, this paper analyzes the existing obstacles in the cross-Strait social security system cohesion and explores paths to resolve them.

VALUES IN A MODERN FAMILY. BETWEEN DECLARATION AND DEED

Values are such multiform phenomenon that they can be considered in numerous aspects, depending on the point of view and methods of research. They can be considered from the philosopher, psychologist, ethnographer, culture anthropologist, sociologist or economist point of view. However, in the frames of the elaboration, the topic is seen from the pedagogical and psychological aspect of what we call a value. A value can be considered as a phenomenon of choosing an aim, assuming an attitude towards the aim, selection of alternative aspirations in a certain psychological situation, selection of needs, means of action.Assuming a family as a fundamental unit of society we can conclude that values work similarly in a family. Spouses understand each other better when they both assent the same basic values. Common values is the factor of constancy and development of marriage in the periods of crisis. Spouses, thanks to creation a common hierarchy of values, build between them a deep bond, asserting the most important values as the common ones, recognize their differences in the less important ones, as well as they respect each other’s variety of the lowest values in their values hierarchy, being aware of their enriching effect on the marital community. All over the world we can deal with values presented by somebody or something. While choosing a certain value a man attributes it to somebody or something and based on it choses between competitive objects. While attributing a value a man uses an evaluation to establish a valence of the object. In other words, we value if we prize certain things more than others. Values can refer to understanding one good for a unit or society, which is worth implementing.

Several Key Features of Marriage in Kosovo

In this paper titled “Several key features of marriage in Kosovo”, I have made efforts to address the matrimony, as an important societal and legal concept, in the light of positive law in Kosovo. In short terms, I have addressed the historical development of marriage in general, from the period of promiscuity until today, and I have emphasized key features of marriage in various time periods, only to comprehend better the ways of development of marriage in time and space.A special emphasis is put on the essential (material) conditions of marital union. The paper provides sufficient reasons for which the positive law in Kosovo has provided on the free expression of will of spouses; opposite sexes; the age threshold; entry into matrimony before a competent state authority, and under a procedure provided by law, as substantial conditions for entering a valid matrimony. Sufficient room is allowed also for the treatment of consequences and responsibilities of various entities if marriage is developed without obeying substantial conditions as provided by law. Due to the nature of the paper, formal conditions for entering matrimony are not addressed.The right to enter marriage and establish a family under provided legal conditions is guaranteed to every Kosovo citizen, as a substantial right. The marriage is a basic cell of the family, and as such, it is protected by the state and society.Apart from normative and sociological methods, I have also used the historical method in developing this paper. The purpose was to discover several marriage features, which used to exist, and do not anymore, and also underline some new features, which nowadays form the pillars of the marriage.

Development of Marriage and Family Relationships in the Northern Regions of Russia

The article deals with the mechanism of modern demographic development in Russia’s northern regions. The article studies the dynamics of marriage processes in the North in the post-war period, and reveals the current specifics of marriage and family relations. The authors analyze in more detail the situation in the two big northern republics: the Komi Republic and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). They identify factors that determined a significant decrease of marriage rate in the 1990s and the relative normalization of marital and family processes in recent years. The article outlines the main directions of demographic policies in the northern regions.

A Reflective Study of the Traditional Wedding - Focusing on the Origin and Development of Marriage

A Reflective Study of the Traditional Wedding - Focusing on the Origin and Development of Marriage

Marriage in the canons of the council in Trullo

This study presents the historical development of marriage as a legal object in Eastern Orthodox canon law. The argument of the article is that the need of the ecclesial polity to adapt to a new situation following the Islamic conquests of the seventh century led to the development an ecclesiastical common law independent of Byzantine-Roman civil law in order to survive under Muslim rule. The sources of the canon law of marriage were Scripture, patristic customary law, and Byzantine-Roman civil law. It is further argued that the differences between Roman Catholic canon law and Eastern Orthodox canon law with regards to marriage are the result of different political contexts and different theological concerns in the East and the West.

Therapist Response to Clients’ Partner Abuse: Implications for Training and Development of Marriage and Family Therapists

This qualitative study explored ecosystemic influences on therapists' responses to partner abuse. Research questions focus on aspects of personal and professional development of attitudes and belief systems surrounding partner abuse. In-depth interviews with seven therapy trainees indicate that family of origin experiences, clinical experiences, and therapist developmental processes affect values, beliefs, and clinical reactivity to cases involving partner abuse. Implications for therapists' self-work, clinical training, and the process of supervision are addressed.

Marriage as Covenant: Tradition as a Guide to Marriage Education in the Pastoral Context

Public sentiment and rhetoric in recent years have unleashed a maelstrom of discussion over the definition of marriage. The insights that arise from consulting tradition and understanding the development of marriage for Christians are fundamental for explicating the special place matrimony holds in Christianity. Marriage ministry, especially marriage education, must employ an integrated holistic approach that offers a balanced presentation of the social, personal, and spiritual dimensions of marriage. The purpose of this paper is to review Christian tradition in order to inform and guide a ministerial praxis.

The Gender of Freedom: Fictions of Liberalism and the Literary Public Sphere (review)

Reviewed by: The Gender of Freedom: Fictions of Liberalism and the Literary Public Sphere Caroline Levander The Gender of Freedom: Fictions of Liberalism and the Literary Public Sphere. By Elizabeth Maddock Dillon. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2004. 336 pp. $49.50. In this highly intelligent and elegantly written book, Elizabeth Maddox Dillon makes the important observation that U.S. liberalism depends upon the concept of gender for its successful functioning and, more particularly, that women's private status has been integral to liberalism since its inception. As Dillon goes on to make clear, such an observation is of immediate importance to those interested in American literary and political cultures, as well as to those working in political theory and feminist studies. Feminist critics, for example, have tended to argue that "liberalism is flawed insofar as it excludes women," but Dillon shows that "while it is indeed the case that the figure of the woman within liberalism often stands opposed to the autonomous, white male liberal subject," "this opposition is itself crucial to liberal thought and culture" (3). Such a shift in thinking about gender and liberalism simultaneously locates women firmly within the broad conceptual history of liberalism and reveals liberalism's deep dependence on those female citizens it seems to exclude. Further, such an analysis reorganizes familiar histories of liberalist theory, as Dillon demonstrates when she explains how early liberalist rhetoric was at work in both Ann Hutchinson's trial and Winthrop's strategic representations of it to an English public upon whom the Massachusetts Bay Colony depended for resources. After an adeptly argued introductory chapter on gender, liberal theory, and the literary public sphere, Dillon moves to a consideration of how the antinomian controversy, which has long been seen as repressing women, actually involved an intricate and extended negotiation of women's political power. Showing that the antinomian controversy marks the beginning of an institutionalization of liberalism, rather than its repression, Dillon persuasively locates U.S. liberalism's origins much earlier in the nation's history than is usually assumed. Such a rehistoricizing of liberalism—one that shows the centrality of women's assumption of prominence to the evolution of a liberal public sphere—is followed by a chapter on the importance of marriage to a developing U.S. political culture. Showing a correlation between marriage's development into an increasingly intensive relation between individuals and political culture's increasing decentralization, Dillon makes the important observation that marriage shores up liberalist structures by emphasizing heterosexual desire and thus emphasizing sexual difference. As she argues, consensual marriage's primary condition "seems to be the cultivation of desire for a partner defined in sex specific terms: one need not only find a partner of the opposite sex, but it is precisely their sex—their manliness or womanliness—that one must find desirable" (129). It is sentences like this that make The Gender of Freedom a pleasure to read. In her fourth and final chapter on sentiment and sociality, Dillon explores four infanticide narratives that precede and, she argues, help to produce nineteenth-century sentimental novelists' primary concern with the mother-child bond. Moving from marriage to motherhood, this chapter argues that the repeated trope of the [End Page 208] dead child in sentimental fiction works to "produce the freedom of the liberal subject through [the] affective abundance" created by the child's death (203). While it is certainly true that child death is a prominent theme in sentimental fictions like Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852), the fact that maternal death and orphanage seem equally important elements of other popular novels raises an important and unexplored question about female mortality's impact on liberalism. Similarly, the interest of this chapter in infanticide narratives brings to mind the many slave narratives that depict a slave mother's desire to kill her offspring as an act of maternal nurture, and one wonders, finally, about the place of racial identity within the model of gender and liberalism that Dillon generates. It is, no doubt, the case that women engaged with the gendered dynamics of a developing liberalist ideal in distinct ways, based on other constituting elements of their social identities. Yet a brief consideration of...

Population-related Policies in Estonia in the 20th Century: Stages and Turning Points

This article is about the experience of population-related policies in Estonia. During the recent decade much has been published on this theme, usually with an analysis of currently enforced regulations. Repeated amendments of legal norms and procedures, which are inevitable in a period of fundamental reforms, however, tend to limit their value quite rapidly. Against such a background, this paper applies a longer perspective with an attempt to cover the main stages and turning points in the development of population-related policies in the country since the establishment of statehood in 1918. In the interwar period, the efforts to build up a modern nation included setting up relevant institutions and regulations in the ? eld of population-related policies. These undertakings have been seldom discussed in the recent publications. Somewhat similarly, the postwar decades are frequently regarded as fairly distant and of little relevance to present challenges. To understand the developments, however, the longer view should not be neglected. Todays concerns are rooted in the arrangements and disarrangements of the past, and no less importantly, such continuity is strengthened by the nature of population development and the ? ow of cohorts which absorb the in? uences of the societal environment and carry them along through their lifetime. The article is structured in four sections focusing on the development of marriage and the family, children and fertility, the pension system and social welfare, and the health care system. In each section, the aim is to outline successive policy regimes and their main characteristics in terms of objectives and methods of regulations. Understandably, limited space does not allow coverage of minor changes and technicalities, so for more speci? c information the article provides further reference to various source materials.

Marriage and Family Counseling in Counselor Education: National Trends and Implications

The authors report the results of a survey of 274 counselor education chairpersons asked to respond to a series of questions concerning the current status of marriage and family counseling in counselor education. Respondents indicated that marriage and family programs in counselor education are continuing to grow in popularity, identified courses most frequently employed in the training of such counselors, provided information about support that AACD could give to enhance the development of marriage and family counseling, and gave their opinions about how marriage and family counseling programs should be accredited.

Marriage Payments: A Riddle for Anthropologists: The Meaning of Marriage Payments . J. L. Comaroff.

This volume will certainly not end generations of disagreement among anthropologists over the meaning of marriage payments or prestations, but it promises to add an interesting and useful approach to the subject. The volume is a product of a symposium held at the University of Manchester in the winter of 1976-1977, to delineate a new and more satisfactory paradigm by focusing on semantic and symbolic properties of marriage payments. The idea of organizing such a symposium grew out of conversations among members of the anthropology department at Manchester, who expressed dissatisfaction over existing paradigms. They eventually invited other British participants. Geographically, the case studies in the volume represent East Africa (Parkin on the Mijikenda of Kenya; Burton on the Mursi of Ethiopia), South Africa (Comaroff on the Tshidi of Tswanaland), the Middle East (Peters on the Cyrenaica Bedouins), Melanesia (Strathern on the Melpa and Wiru of New Guinea), Indonesia (Barnes on Eastern Indonesian groups), and Yugoslavia (Rheubottom on the Yugoslav Macedonians, the Skopska Crna Gora). The essays are as varied in content as they are in geographical representation; however, they share a common theme which the editor, Comaroff, drawing heavily from the case studies, describes in detail in the introductory chapter. Individual case essays are very interesting and insightful; however, I shall concentrate on the central theme of the volume, except as noted toward the end of the review. What are our current approaches to the study of marriage payments and why are they inadequate? The editor of the volume, Comaroff, begins to address this question by drawing the reader's attention to the immense variability in marriage payments: variability with respect to content and timing as well as to structural context and symbolic ramifications. Yet, current paradigms (structural functionalism, Marxism, and structuralism) have generally attempted to reduce marriage payments to a single analytic class. Such an effort raises doubts not only about their conclusions but also their methodology, as the case studies in the volume show. Another problem with current approaches is that they treat marriage payments as a causal factor in the social order (for example, of marriage stability for the structural functionalist; class domination for the Marxist; and development of marriage by exchange for the structuralist). The case studies show that none of these is universal. In a clear and stimulating manner, the editor then outlines some of the specific problems with each of the three approaches and presents an alternative paradigm. Economic and jural treatment of marriage payments illustrates the inadequacy of the structural functionalist approach. In the economic sphere it seems that structural functionalists are not always careful to distinguish between economic and commercial functions. For example, Spiro (1975) has argued that marriage payments are an economic compensation for a productive or reproductive loss of one group to another; that bridewealth is not paid where the cost-benefit ratio is balanced; and that the absence of in-

REVIEWS

The Development of Marriage and Kinship. By C. Staniland Wake. Edited by Rodney Needham. University of Chicago Press, 1967. Pp. i‐lvi, 1–510. Price English 90/–, U.S.A. $12.50.

: The Development of Marriage and Kinship . C. Staniland Wake.

: The Development of Marriage and Kinship . C. Staniland Wake.