Development Of Marine Resources Research Articles

Risk assessment of unmanned underwater platforms in the South China Sea marine environment based on two-dimensional density-weighted operator and cloud barycentric Bayesian combination

With the rise of unmanned combat in naval battles, military powers are paying increasing attention to unmanned underwater platforms. However, there are few studies on the interaction between unmanned underwater platforms and naval battlefield environments, and most of them provide qualitative descriptions, which are of little help in future combat deployment and the development and utilization of marine resources. To solve this problem, we constructed a natural environmental risk index system for unmanned underwater platform operations in a sea area using the marine environmental factor data of the South China Sea region. We used a two-dimensional density-weighted operator to obtain the weights of different impact factors and conducted a risk assessment of the South China Sea region leveraging the cloud barycenter-Bayesian network method. The overall risk probability of unmanned underwater platforms was 14.7%, with a higher risk of 19.0%, a medium risk of 26.0%, a lower risk of 21.2%, and a low risk of 19.1%. Additionally, the risks in the west and north of the South China Sea were larger than those in the south and east. Therefore, the risk in offshore areas was greater than that in the open sea. Consequently, the open sea is more suitable for operating the relevant unmanned underwater platforms. Overall, this study provides technical support for the risk assessment of unmanned underwater vehicles operating in the South China Sea and the development and utilization of marine resources.

Simulation evaluation of underwater robot structure and control system based on ADAMS

Abstract The twenty-first century is the century of marine resources. The ocean is a treasure of biological resources, energy, water resources and mineral resources, and it would gradually become the “second space” of mankind. In the next few years, it would be more and more relevant to human life. Many scholars have realized the importance of the ocean and began to vigorously develop and use the ocean. Underwater robot is a means for human beings to explore and develop the ocean, and it would be widely used in this field. The development and promotion of underwater vehicles are of great significance to resource development, economic development, and national security. With the increasing shortage of land resources, the development and utilization of marine resources have received increasing attention. The direct exploitation of marine resources by humans would have adverse effects, so the underwater robot technology has developed rapidly in recent years. However, at present, most underwater robots are driven by electric turbines. The underwater working environment requires that the underwater motor has good sealing performance, so its structure is complex and expensive, and it is rarely used in ordinary underwater operations. In recent years, intelligent robots have been used more and more, but because of the complexity and uncertainty of the underwater working environment, there are many uncertain factors. Therefore, it is very meaningful to carry out stability control for it. The research results showed that the displacement, stability, and other corresponding test curves of each component can be obtained by establishing a simple model with software and through ADAMS (Automatic Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical Systems) simulation analysis. This can simulate the movement of real objects in the real environment and find the existing problems, so as to provide a reference for the actual underwater robot design. In this way, the development cycle and production costs can be reduced. This article analyzed the structure and control system of the underwater vehicle based on ADAMS simulation. The results showed that the dynamic stability of the underwater vehicle based on ADAMS simulation analysis was improved by 4.67% compared with the underwater vehicle before optimization.

UNCLOS and its contributions to the development of international law: An editorial note

This is an editorial note for the special issue: UNCLOS and Its Contributions to the Development of International Law. This special issue contains 11 papers focusing on both UNCLOS and more general developments of the international law of the sea. The papers can be roughly categorized into four topics: the development of UNCLOS by stakeholder contributions, the application of UNCLOS and its relations with general international law; marine environmental protection and sustainable development of marine resources; and emerging legal issues confronting the human community.

Estimation and Control of a Towed Underwater Vehicle with Active Stationary and Low-Speed Maneuvering Capabilities

A variety of mission equipment is mounted and utilized on UUVs (unmanned underwater vehicles) for the development of marine resources and underwater searching for military purposes. For exploration of a wide area, it is advantageous to use a towed underwater platform, and for precision exploration to a specific location, to use an active mobile ROV (remotely operated vehicles). Since the TUV (towed underwater vehicle) moves according to the speed of the towing vessel, it cannot be operated if the vessel is stationary or the speed is low. Therefore, TUVs do not have equipment that is useful at low speeds, such as optical cameras or forward looking sonars. If a TUV capable of active movement such as stationary or low-speed operation is developed, it can search a wide area and then accurately search for a specific location, with one platform mounting various mission equipment. In this paper, we propose a method for estimating the control model for a prototype of this novel TUV, and propose a depth and posture control algorithm to which the model is applied. The proposed TUV and control algorithm were verified by experiments under the flow rate environment in the circulating water channel.

Влияние особенностей северо-западной части Черного моря на развитие морской деятельности в регионе

The article highlights a unique geopolitical position and considers the specific features of the northwestern part of the Black Sea including its shallow water, seawater composition, rich natural resources, as well as many transport corridors passing through it. There is carried out analysis of the influence of the specific features on the de-velopment of marine activities in the studied region, development and use of marine resources. Modern ways of the developing international transport corridors and increasing flows of international transit of oil, gas, mineral fertilizers and food allow to consider the northwestern part of the Black Sea as a special transport zone connecting coastal states, as well as the countries of the Caspian and Mediterranean regions with Europe. The factors that make it possible to develop the ports in the region and transport logistics for transportation of goods and passengers between the countries are considered. The role of the significant availability of hydrocarbon reserves in the considered part of the sea in the development of specialized ports and related transport logistics is determined. Analysis of the dependence of the growing intensity of the development of ports and transport logistics on the development of maritime activities for the study, development and use of resources is carried out. It has been inferred about the significant influence exerted by the peculiarities of the north-western part of the Black Sea on the development of maritime activities of the coastal countries including Russia.

Using a mixed layered soil model to optimize the layout of coastal direct current (DC) grounding electrodes

Abstract In recent years, with the rapid development of the coastal economy and the large-scale development of marine resources, power demand has risen sharply. So it is urgent to promote the construction of UHVDC projects. Coastal saline areas often contain more chloride and other salts than other inland areas due to the high humidity, salinity and light intensity of the marine climatic and environmental conditions, which lead to the different electrical performance of grounding electrodes under different layouts. Therefore, one of the key issues to realizing the rapid development of UHVDC in coastal countries is how to choose the best layout of the coastal DC grounding electrode. It is intended to simulate the coastal environment and establish a mixed stratified soil model using CDEGS to verify the validity of the model through experiments in this paper. Based on the mixed soil model, the changes in grounding resistance, surface potentials and step voltage of grounding electrode sites under zigzag shape, two-row and circular shapes layouts are studied. The results show that when the zigzag shape layout is selected, the ground potential amplitude of the grounding electrode is reduced by 45.77% and 42.7%, the step voltage amplitude is decreased by 39.85% and 32.22%, and the grounding resistance is decreased by 28.45% and 27.68%, compared with the two-row and circular layout. In addition, its utilization rate of electrodes is better than the other two layout shapes.

Development of the Operational Oceanography Forecasting System in the Northwest Pacific

An operational oceanography forecasting system is established on the base of ROMS and data assimilation method to provide operational predictions and maritime safety applications for the Northwest Pacific. After 10 years spun up through integration, the system reaches a stable field of annual circulation. The model was then integrated from 1990 to 2012 to obtain the assimilation background. After the evaluation of observation data, the ocean forecasting system has been put into operation since 2013 and has been updated for several times. Through the validation of 2018, the system can accurately simulate the main marine environmental characteristics of the northwest pacific. The system can provide high-resolution marine environment fields for red tide, green tide drift and diffusion, oil spill, marine fishery, marine resources development, marine search and rescue, etc.

A Seabed Sediment Semantic Segmentation Method Based on Deep Transfer Learning with Self-Attention Mechanism

Semantic seabed sediment segmentation is one of the key research contents in the fields of marine resources development and marine engineering. In today’s intelligent and digitalized world, more refined semantic segmentation of seabed sediment can provide the basis for downstream tasks as building digital seabed models. In this paper, a seabed sediment semantic segmentation method based on deep transfer learning with self-attention mechanism is proposed. The overall framework is based on the UNet model. The transfer learning method of parameter sharing is used, while the parameters of backbone pretrained from ImageNet datasets are used as the initial weights of model. According to limited acoustic data of seabed sediment, this paper uses original side-scan sonar strip images to produce dataset. The proposed method is also compared with traditional machine learning methods as SVM (Support Vector Machine) and RF (Random Forest). The self-attention UNet (backbone: VGG16) model performed the best, with mIOU of 92.28%, mPrecision of 94.78%, and mRecall of 96.84% on the test set. The self-attention mechanism improved mIOU by 2.5%. The mIOU of deep learning methods is on average over 20% higher than that of traditional machine learning methods.

Conservation of Marine Resources and Sustainable Coastal Community Development in Malaysia by Muhammad Mehedi Masud

Conservation of Marine Resources and Sustainable Coastal Community Development in Malaysia by Muhammad Mehedi Masud

The use and sustainable development of marine animal drugs by the Kinh people in Beibu Gulf

The Kinh people of China have historically migrated from Tushan and other areas of Vietnam since the 16th century. They are now settled in Fangchenggang City in the Beibu Gulf region of Guangxi, China. The local Kinh people have lived by fishing and have a rich fishing culture. Accordingly, the Kinh people of China have a long history of using traditional marine animal drugs for their daily medicinal needs. However, with the advent of modern medicine, there is a risk of losing the valuable traditional knowledge of marine animal drugs. Thus, this study aimed to document the types of marine animal drugs and related traditional knowledge of the Kinh people and explore the sustainability of their access to marine animal drugs. Ethnobiological methods, including snowball sampling and semi-structured interviews are used to collect information about the animal drugs used locally during the study. Through field investigations in the “Three Islands of Kinh,” we collected ethnozoological data on 61 marine animal drugs belonging to 52 families across six animal phyla. Chordata and Mollusca are the most represented phyla, while Arthropoda, Echinodermata, Sipuncula, and Cnidaria are less represented. According to the analysis, animal meat is the most frequent medicinal part; the Kinh prefer decoction or making soup, and internal administration is the most frequent use mode. Our statistical analysis revealed that nourishing was the most common purpose for the recorded marine animal drugs in the study area. Our study found that 6 documented species are listed as threatened on the IUCN Red List but receive little targeted protection. The article provides recommendations for protecting traditional knowledge, promoting sustainable development of marine resources, and conserving endangered species.

Digital Twins in the Marine Industry

The ocean holds abundant resources, but the utilization of those resources for the marine economy presents a complex and dynamic industrial situation. Exploring sustainable development in this industry is of practical value, as it involves the rational use of marine resources while protecting the environment. This study provides an innovative review of the current application status of Digital Twins Technology (DTT) in various sectors of the marine industry, including the ship-building industry (SBI), Offshore Oil and Gas Industry, marine fishery, and marine energy industry. The findings reveal that DTT offers robust support for full life cycle management (LCM) in SBI, including digital design, intelligent processing, operation, and error management. Furthermore, this work delves into the challenges and prospects of DTT application in the marine industry, aiming to provide reference and direction for intelligent systems in the industry and guide the rational development and utilization of marine resources in the future.

Effects of Lorentz Force and Gradient Force of Magnetic Field on the Seawater Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steels

With the rapid development of modern civilization, the development of marine resources has become imminent, but seawater corrosion has become one of the most important factors hindering development. In order to overcome this problem, an environmentally friendly physical anticorrosion scheme based on a magnetic field () has been proposed. In this context, we investigate the effect of the Lorentz force and gradient force of a magnetic field on the corrosion behavior of carbon steel in seawater. The experimental results show that the gradient force of a magnetic field inhibits corrosion while the Lorentz force promotes corrosion. Especially in the (corrosion electrical field) case, the Lorentz force influence on the corrosion behavior is greater than the gradient force, while in case gradient force dominates. In addition, the effect mechanism of magnetic field on the corrosion behavior of carbon steel in seawater was revealed by comparison of corrosion product composition in different reaction regions and electrochemical impedance spectrum analysis, which will provide an experimental basis for the application of environmentally friendly marine anticorrosion technology based on a magnetic field.

Research Progress and Prospect of Wave Attenuation Performance and Integration of Wave-Energy Converter of Floating Breakwater

A floating breakwater can significantly reduce the wave invasion of marine structures and provide a safe construction environment and service environment for wave attenuation protection for marine structures. With the development and utilization of marine resources, the application of floating breakwaters in engineering is becoming more and more important; research on integrated systems of a floating breakwater and wave-energy converter (WEC) is also valuable. However, existing research has not yet systematically improved the influencing factors of wave attenuation performance of floating breakwaters and the summary of the wave attenuation mechanism; there are few summaries about the integration of floating breakwaters and wave-energy converters. Therefore, the research progress on the wave attenuation performance and wave-energy integration of floating breakwaters is reviewed and summarized. Firstly, according to the structural shape, floating breakwaters are divided into three types: box type, floating cylinder type, and other types. Secondly, the wave attenuation performance of three types of breakwaters and the research progress of floating breakwater-WEC integrated devices are discussed and reviewed. Finally, the problems to be solved in the study of various breakwaters and the key directions for future research are summarized. This review is helpful to deepen the cognition and understanding of wave attenuation performance of floating breakwater and floating breakwater-WEC integration devices, which can provide reference for the optimization research and engineering application of floating breakwaters.

A network approach to analyse Australia’s blue economy policy and legislative arrangements

Governance systems are complex adaptive systems where multiple components interact extensively. This is the case for governance of the blue economy, focused on sustainable development of marine resources. Here, the relevant policy and legislative arrangements are fragmented, and marine uses, activities and resources are generally managed on a sectoral basis by independent entities from multiple jurisdictions. In Australia, for example, complex arrangements have created uncertainty in relation to what, when, how, and by whom blue economy activities are possible. Network approaches to map and analyse complex systems could potentially improve our understanding and facilitate management of policy and legal complexity. Yet, there are few studies that have adopted such approaches in ocean governance. Our research demonstrates the application of an innovative approach based on network graphs and text mining to analyse a policy and legislative system associated with Australia’s blue economy (i.e., policy and legal arrangements applicable to the coastal and marine areas within the seaward boundaries of the continental shelf around the State of Tasmania). Using a database of over 2000 international, federal, state policy and legislative arrangements, cross-sector analyses were undertaken to identify potential gaps and overlaps that may hinder the deployment of blue economy activities, particularly those relating to integrated seafood and energy production systems. Our graphs allowed quick and easy visualisation of policy and legislative clusters around government entities, relationships between those entities and clusters, as well as potential gaps and overlaps in the existing policy and legislative landscape. Results point to a lack of integration and a need for fit-for-purpose policy and legislation, particularly for the development of co-located blue economy activities. Our approach may be used in research of other complex governance settings to inform policymaking as well as for communication and educational purposes.

The Impact of the Implementation of International Law on Marine Environmental Protection on International Public Health Driven by Multi-Source Network Comment Mining

With the increase of people's living space, global warming caused by the decrease of greening urban spaces and the serious decline of greenspace quality has led to extreme weather events and coastal erosion, which has become the biggest threat to the ocean and has also led to the occurrence of international public safety incidents. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to explore the tense relationship between the current marine environmental protection and global public safety for the development of an international healthy community. Firstly, this paper discusses the influence of implementing the international law of marine environmental protection on global public health after the reduction of green urban space and the decline of green space quality. Secondly, K-means and discrete particle swarm optimization algorithms are introduced and the particle swarm optimization-K-means clustering (PSO-K-means) algorithm is designed to screen and deal with the mapping relationship between latent variables and word sets about the impact of implementing the international marine ecological protection law on the international public health community in network data information. Moreover, the influencing factors are clustered and the scenarios are evaluated. The results show that the clustering analysis of the marine environment can promote the clustering of marine characteristic words. Meanwhile, the PSO-K-means algorithm can effectively cluster vulnerability data information. When the threshold is 0.45, the estimated recall rate of the corresponding model is 88.75%. Therefore, the following measures have been formulated, that is, increasing greening urban spaces and enhancing the quality of green space to enhance the protection of marine environment, which has practical reference value for realizing the protection of marine environment and the sustainable development of marine water resources and land resources.

Research on the High-Quality Development of Approach to the Sea Economy

Marine economy is one of the important strategic directions of national development. In recent years, the high-quality development of my country's marine economy has made remarkable achievements, but at the same time it is also facing many problems. This paper takes the high-quality development of Xianghai economy as the research object, analyzes its development status and existing problems, and proposes corresponding solutions. Specifically, this paper discusses issues such as the development and utilization of marine resources, environmental protection, and industrial upgrading, and puts forward suggestions such as strengthening scientific and technological innovation, strengthening industrial cooperation, and promoting the construction of marine law, in order to provide reference for the high-quality development of my country's seaward economy.

Fed-IoUT: Opportunities and Challenges of Federated Learning in the Internet of Underwater Things

The Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT), as an emerging technology, plays an important role in the development of marine resources. With the growth of IoUT equipment, data from various sources has increased dramatically. Multiple challenges, such as data privacy, communication overhead, and data heterogeneity, arise with the application of new underwater Internet of Things (IoT) scenarios. To solve these challenges, we propose an IoUT framework called Fed-IoUT, which utilizes Federated Learning (FL) paradigm. FL, with its advantages of data privacy protection, low communication overhead, and balanced computing resources, is perfectly suited to our scenario. Fed-IoUT can make full use of the large amount of data collected by IoUT equipment, reduce data communication overhead, and protect the privacy of observing data. In this article, we also introduced the application of Fed-IoUT in relevant fields from five aspects: water quality monitoring, underwater life detection, flood forecasting, underwater detection, and marine energy transfer. And then, we put forward the limitations of development under the current conditions and made a comprehensive outlook for the future.

Marine Ecological Function Zoning and Management Countermeasures: A Case Study of the Sea Area of Zhejiang Province

The contradiction between the development of marine resources and ecological protection in Zhejiang is prominent, which restricts the high-quality and continuous supply of marine ecological products. As a result, the efficient maintenance of the ecological security pattern of inshore waters relies on the scientific division of marine ecological function zones and the management and maintenance of zoning areas. This paper constructs a technical framework for marine ecological function zoning from the aspects of marine ecosystem health, marine ecosystem diversity and economic and social development balance using GIS-based overlay analysis and the three-dimensional matrix discriminant model to divide marine ecological function zones in the managed waters of Zhejiang Province. The results indicate that the managed sea areas in Zhejiang Province are divided into ten marine ecological function areas, including three marine ecological supply areas (54%), four marine mariculture and resting areas (24%) and three marine ecological restoration areas (22%). As per the zoning results of the marine ecological function, this study further proposes protection and management strategies for different zoning units, in the hopes of providing technical support and practical reference for the division and management of marine ecological function areas in other sea areas.

Research on Design System of Offshore Platform Accommodation Cabin Based on Kansei Engineering

_ Accommodation cabin is a living place for operators, and it should play a role in alleviating the fatigue and stress. This paper focuses on the problem of monotony and lack of emotional care in the design of accommodation, and develops a design system to meet the emotional needs of operators based on Kansei Engineering. First, the key design elements affecting emotional comfort are extracted and the virtual reality experimental platform is established. Second, the affective factors are extracted, constituting the semantic space. Third, the mapping relationship between affective factors and design elements is established. Finally, the design system of accommodation cabin based on the emotional needs is developed. The system can output and evaluate the design scheme through virtual reality technology, so it makes the design process more intuitive and efficient. It has a certain reference value for improving the comfort experience of operators and the design level of accommodation cabin. Introduction Offshore platform is an important guarantee for territorial development and utilization of marine resources. As offshore platform is relatively special, it has particular structure that is different from buildings on land. It is made of steel and equipped with a lot of large equipment, so it is relatively closed. During offshore operation, operators need to work and life on offshore platforms for a long time. Monotonous working condition and long-term alienation from terrestrial landscape and relatives will have impact on their physical and mental health (Xu et al. 2013). According to the survey, about 13% of the workers who have worked on the platform for more than 10 years will have psychologic or behavioral abnormalities (Wu 2015). It has affected their normal life, and even increased the safety risk.

Unsupervised classification based on deep adaptation network for sonar images

The research of underwater sonar image classification is beneficial to the development of marine resources. In recent years, deep neural networks have achieved great success in the fields of image classification and image recognition. However, deep neural networks require a large amount of training data. Due to the difficulty of obtaining sonar image datasets, the existing public sonar datasets are generally small, and sonar image classification can be regarded as a small sample problem. To solve this problem, we designed a deep adaptive sonar image classification network (DASCN) based on deep learning and domain adaptation. The feature extraction module in DASCN extracts multiscale features of images; the attention module learns the importance of different channel features; and the domain adaptation module reduces the difference between the source domain and the target domain. It is worth noting that our DASCN does not require a large number of training samples, and sonar images used for training do not need to be labeled. As demonstrated in comprehensive experiments, the classification accuracy of the DASCN model reached 89.4% on the sonar image dataset. Our DASCN achieves unsupervised accurate classification of small sample sonar images. In addition, our DASCN has good classification results on the Office-31 dataset and the Office Home dataset and has good generalization performance.