Development Of Macroregions Research Articles

Productivity, Smart Specialisation, and Innovation:

The paper aims to enrich the discussion on the Research and Innovation Strategies for Smart Specialisation (RIS3) and ongoing development of macro-regions in the EU. EU macro-regions are defined as geographical related places that are considered to be socially, economically, and historically linked and, until now, make a blind spot in the discussion on Smart Specialisation and regional innovation. The empirical approach of this paper is to apply a simply pooled OLS-regression with productivity as an independent variable, various exogenous variables on Smart Specialisation, dummies on EU macro-regions, and time-fixed effects within NUTS2 regions between 2014 and 2018. From this, it can be concluded that Smart Specialisation has a significant dependency on productivity. Moreover, it was assumed that regions of a macro-region benefit from each other by co-location. The result is not perfect. This raises questions for the development of EU macro-regions.

Неоднородность экономического развития российских макрорегионов

As macroregions play an ambiguous role in the Russian system of spatial transformation management, it becomes important to examine the specificity of their development. The study aims to characterise economic heterogeneity of macroregions defined in the Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation. To this end, heterogeneity indices of the data array (coefficients of variation, asymmetry and kurtosis) were calculated. Territorial units were compared using such complex indicators, as gross regional product (GRP), amount of investment and population income. The calculation results indicate a significant unevenness of economic development of macroregions for the analysed period from 2000 to 2022 (or to 2021 in the case of assessing average GRP per capita). Due to differences in inter-territorial heterogeneity at the level of individual macroregions, these units can be divided into 3 groups. The Central, Northern, Ural-Siberian and Far Eastern macroregions are characterised by significant uneven development of their constituent entities and the absence of a reduction trend. In most observations, their coefficients of variation are up to 4 times higher than the threshold value of 0.33. On the contrary, the Central Black Earth, North Caucasus and Volga-Ural macroregions are quite homogeneous: the values of all examined coefficients are close to the threshold values or below them. A high degree of differentiation and the absence of a tendency to change are characteristic of economic development of other macroregions. The study presents a sceptical view at the prospects for achieving the goals set in the Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation. Thus, the findings can be used in practice to improve spatial policy in Russia.

Развитие научно-методических основ формирования стратегий макрорегионов Российской Федерации

The relevance of the problem under consideration is due to the fact that the structure and content of the main sections of the strategies of socio-economic development of the macroregions in the Russian Federation require updating in response to fundamental changes in the external and internal environment of the functioning of the public administration system and the Russian Federation generally. The purpose of the work is to develop scientific and methodological provisions that can be used as the basis for the activities of public administration authorities in strategizing the socio-economic development of macroregions. As a result of the study, it was found that due to the lack of specific guidelines for the content and the degree of concretization of the main sections, the strategies of socio-economic development of macroregions had a very limited potential for application in the system of public administration of regional and spatial development of the Russian Federation. It is proved that the structure and content of the main sections of the strategies of socio-economic development of macroregions should be formed taking into account the requirements of the principles of continuity and consistency of strategic planning. In methodological terms, the success of the strategy implementation will be ensured by making clear links with strategic planning documents of higher and lower levels, as well as with documents of the same level of the hierarchy of public administration, with which the strategy should be coordinated in the format of «horizontal» links. It is recommended to supplement the development strategies of macroregions with sections: «Continuity of state policy» and «Contribution of the document to the achievement of national development goals», ensuring the continuity of goals, objectives and activities of state policy in the field of socio-economic development of the macroregions in the Russian Federation.

Economic corridors in the context of the development of macroregions

Economic corridors in the context of the development of macroregions

Синхронизация приоритетов социально-экономического развития Российской Федерации и регионов в документах стратегического планирования

The approval of several crucial strategic planning documents at the federal level of public administration in recent years, in particular, the “Fundamentals of state policy in strategic planning in the Russian Federation”, made the problem of consistency and balance of strategic planning documents within the framework of goal-setting developed at various levels of the public administration. The purpose of the article is to suggest measures to ensure the interconnection of goals, objectives, and priorities reflected in strategic planning documents generated as part of goalsetting at the federal and regional levels of the public administration system, what is in demand in the practice of public administration of the Russian Federation. The theoretical basis of research is the methodology of strategic planning of territories. The critical method is the decomposition method, which allows to study the processes and phenomena that exist (or occurred in the past) and to develop the new ones, the creation of which is necessary to ensure conditions for sustainable social and economic development of territories at various levels. The specificity of the research approach lies in the fact that the decomposition procedure is carried out in the territorial aspect (spatial criterion), involves the use of various generalizations (logical measure), and is implemented within a given time frame (time criterion). It is proved that the promotion of national priorities to the regional level requires their “embedding” in the strategies of social and economic development of macro-regions and then in social and economic development of regions. It is proved that the “set” of the following documents: “National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation”, Decree of the President of the Russian Federation “On the national development goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030”, strategy of social and economic development of federal districts and the process of social and economic development of federal entities will ensure synchronization of goals, objectives, and priorities of strategic planning documents at federal and regional levels. The analysis of the strategic goal-setting documents of national and regional levels of the state structure of the Russian Federation carried out using as the example of the regions of the Southern Federal District showed a low degree of their synchronization, consisting in the fact that the goals, objectives, and priorities of development written in the documents of the regional level do not fully reflect the goals, objectives, and preferences of product declared at the federal level.

Characteristics of the spatial development of innovations in legislative acts of siberian macroregions

Objective: to assess the level of inclusion of the innovation space characteristics into the legislative acts on innovation activity in the macroregions of Siberia.Methods: a spatial approach, which allowed considering the innovative development of a macroregion through the characteristics of length, connectivity, density, and uniformity; a synchronous method, which made it possible to compare legislative documents in the macroregions of Siberia by the representation of spatial characteristics in them; a qualitative content analysis, used to identify words and phrases characterizing the spatial development of innovations in the texts of legislative documents on innovation activity.Results: the paper revealed the increased attention of foreign and Russian scientists to the search for ways of improving the effectiveness of legislative regulation of innovation activity. It was determined that the regional legislative acts of the macroregions of Siberia (Ural-Siberian and South-Siberian macroregions) regulating innovation policy do not actually reflect the characteristics of the innovation space (such characteristics as interaction, cooperation, communication, and partnership are highlighted). In less than half of the analyzed documents, there are no characteristics of spatial development of innovations, in a third – interterritorial cooperation is mentioned as a characteristic of spatial development. In the studied documents, the predominant form of cooperation and interaction is the formation of clusters and the coordinated development of science, innovation, production, and education.Scientific novelty: for the first time, the article evaluates the representation of spatial characteristics of innovation development in the relevant legislative acts of the macroregions of Russia. It is shown that the territories of macroregions should have denser, more intensive links in the development of innovations in order to meet their intended purpose. The author suggests improving the legislative regulation of innovation activity by including the requirement for regions to develop intersectoral and interterritorial interaction.Practical significance: the analysis of legislative acts presented in the article in the field of innovation support and innovation development from the viewpoint of the spatial approach can be useful for correcting the existing and developing the new approaches to spatial and innovative development of macroregions of Russia. The research results are intended for public authorities involved in the formation of the innovation policy of the regions.

Strategic Analysis of the Prospects for the Sayano-Yenisei Mesoregion Using the Balance Model

The article explores the problems of strategic analysis of the spatial development of Siberian regions. It has been shown that the inclusion of mesoregional entities in the strategic spatial planning system allows improving the quality of strategic studies of the promising development of macroregions. The current state and problems of socio-economic development of the Sayano-Yenisei mesoregion located in the southern part of Eastern Siberia on the territory of three constituent entities of the Russian Federation (the Krasnoyarsk Krai, the Republic of Khakassia and the Republic of Tuva), in the Yenisei river basin, in the basin of the Eastern and Western Sayan mountains and Kuznetsk Alatau are analyzed. The article considers opportunities, limitations and prospects of advanced economic development of mesoregion. An intersectoral regional model was proposed for the study of promising development scenarios, which would link the parameters of investment development projects with macroeconomic regional indicators. A macroeconomic assessment of the impact of projects on indicators of social and economic development of territories has been performed

Spatial Irregularity in Innovative Development of Macro-Regions and Regions of Russia

Innovation activity embodies the integrative and associative features of the economic space, since its implementation involves the interaction of innovators, innovators and the state, embedded in the innovation cycle. The article examines the theoretical and methodological aspects of the spatial development of the innovation sphere of the Russian economy in the macro-regional and regional context. The attention is focused on the distinctive features of the spatial approach to economic research. To substantiate the structural and dynamic trends in the innovation space of the federal districts, the traditional properties characteristic of the economic space are used: density, structure, concentration, convergence and cohesion. Analytical calculations confirmed a high degree of differentiation in the development of macroregions and regions for all key indicators of innovation. The main conclusion is that the trends of spatial unevenness of the innovative development of territories that have developed over the past decade are stable, due to the state scientific and technical policy and budgetary opportunities. Taking into account international experience, one of the most effective ways to bridge the gaps in the interaction of the main participants in the innovation process and to level the spatial heterogeneity of regions is the development of national innovation networks.

Оценка устойчивости макрорегионов России на основе индекса инклюзивного развития

The article analyzes the concepts of “sustainable development” and “inclusive growth” in relation to territorial systems, substantiates the need for their application not only at the national, but also at the regional and macro-regional levels. The author adapts the methodology suggested by the World Economic Forum for the calculation of the Inclusive Development Index in relation to the macro-regions of Russia, which are federal districts, for the period 2008–2018. As a result of the study, the author makes a rating of the inclusive development of macro-regions. The leader of the rating during 11 years is the Central Federal District. The second and third ranks have the Ural and North-Western federal districts. The least stable from the point of view of inclusive development are the Siberian and North Caucasian federal districts. The fourth, fifth and sixth places are occupied by the Far Eastern, Volga and Southern Federal districts. Macro-regions were also divided into groups in accordance with average values of the inclusive development index and their dynamics for the whole period under analysis: developed, developing, stagnating and regressing regions. The Central and Far Eastern federal districts were classified as developed ones, North-Western, Volga and Ural districts as stagnating ones, and Southern, North-Caucasian and Siberian federal districts as regressing ones. None of the macro-regions was included into the developing group. A retrospective analysis of the economic, social and environmental development as a whole indicates the negative dynamics of the inclusive growth in the macro-regions of Russia. The lowest values with negative dynamics show the intergenerational equality and sustainability indicators, what is explained by a low level of debt sustainability of the regions, the growing demographic dependency ratio and a relatively high volume of gross emissions into the atmosphere. The methodology suggested by the author can be used as an alternative indicator to gross regional product at the macroregional level.

Institutional restrictions on the development of inter-municipal cooperation at the subregional level (for example, the Yangantau Geopark)

The article examines the institutional limitations of intermunicipal cooperation at the subregional level on the example of the UNESCO Yangantau Geopark, which consist in the flaw in formal institutions and gaps in the current legislation. The realities of the modern economy set the tone from competition from neighboring regions to cooperation and cooperation. According to the Strategy for Spatial Development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025, measures to strengthen interregional interaction include the development and implementation of strategies for the socio-economic development of macroregions. The formation of such macroregions should have an institutional basis and should take into account some principles: to be neighboring regions, to be able to develop common infrastructure and complement each other in terms of socio-economic development. Institutional constraints in intermunicipal cooperation of the Republic of Bashkortostan and neighboring regions in the field of tourism and environmental protection measures are associated with the development of the system-wide infrastructure, the tourist destination of territories. In the Salavat region of the Republic of Bashkortostan, there is the Yangantau resort, which meets the highest standards, a geopark is also located here. On the example of a geopark, the degree of development of the tourism business of the Republic of Bashkortostan and the Chelyabinsk region is considered. The territory is located within the boundaries of the municipal districts: Salavatsky, Nurimanovsky, Kiginsky, Duvansky and borders on the municipalities of the Chelyabinsk region Ashinsky, Katav-Ivanovsky, Ust-Katav, Satkinsky. In these municipalities, depopulation processes are observed, characteristic of depressed territories, and the level of unemployment is high. The author presents statistical material on the indicators of the unemployment rate in this region. One of the institutional limitations of the pandemic period is that the service sector, like other types of service, is subject to rapid decline and slow recovery. The author also attaches great importance to the development of transport, logistics and engineering infrastructure. There are road and rail links in this area. Federal highway M-5, which is the main highway here, is overloaded and massive accidents happen on it. At the moment, the track is being reconstructed.

Sustainable Development of Polish Macroregions-Study by Means of the Kernel Discriminant Coordinates Method.

The aim of this study was to investigate if the macroregions of Poland are homogeneous in terms of the observed spatio-temporal data characterizing their sustainable development. So far, works related to the sustainable development of selected territorial units have been based on data relating to a specific year rather than many years. The solution to the problem of macroregion homogeneity goes through two stages. In step one, the original spatio-temporal data space (matrix space) was transformed into a kernel discriminant coordinates space. The obtained kernel discriminant coordinates function as synthetic measures of the level of sustainable development of Polish macroregions. These measures contain complete information on the values of 27 diagnostic features examined over 15 years. In the second step, cluster analysis was used in order to identify groups of homogeneous macroregions in the space of kernel discriminant coordinates. The agglomeration method and the Ward method were chosen as commonly used methods. By means of both methods, three super macroregions composed of homogeneous macroregions were identified. Within the kernel discriminant coordinates, the differentiating power of a selected set of 27 features characterizing the sustainable development of macroregions was also assessed. To this end, five different and most commonly used methods of discriminant analysis were used to test the correctness of the classification. Depending on the method, the classification errors amounted to zero or were close to zero, which proves a well-chosen set of diagnostic features. Although the data relate only to a specific country (Poland), the presented statistical methodology is universal and can be applied to any territorial unit and spatial-temporal dynamic data.

Strategies in the System of Public Administration: Current Challenges and Scientific and Expert Platform

Proposals to strengthen the role of regional and territorial development strategy at the national level, at the regional and community level in the context of globalization and European integration are substantiated. The management system of the new state regional policy is analyzed. It was found that the process of strategizing is multidimensional and multidimensional, and also requires the formation of appropriate vertical and horizontal levels as an independent branch of government. It is proposed to form scientific and expert platforms of strategy as a network structure with the participation of government, business structures and the expert community from the national to local levels. Scientific and expert platforms of strategy in the system of strategic planning of socio-economic development of the country, macro-region, region, city, district and united territorial communities are considered. In order to form effective development institutions and monitor their functioning, it is proposed to form corporations of advanced development of macroregions (economic districts), corporations of advanced development of regions, corporations of advanced development of the city and united territorial communities. It is revealed that for the long-term horizon of forecasting and planning it is expedient to rely on the cyclic theory of “long waves” M.D. Kondratiev (25-30 years, this is 1/2 of the long wave of Kondratiev). The 25-30-year long-term planning directive requires the addition of medium-term (5-7 years) and short-term (2-3 years) planning tools. At all levels, it is advisable to develop short-term 2-3-year programs with specific sources of funding for program activities to address the most complex problems of regional development. The basis of short-term (2-3-year) programs should be projects based on international-public-private partnership. It is noted that the implementation of specific measures should be carried out on the basis of program-project approach.

The Role of the Analysis of Sustainable Development of Regions of Russia in the Strategic Planning

Strategies for the socio-economic development of regions are developed in accordance with the principle of using a modern methodology for making effective decisions based on strategic planning. Information basis for strategic planning are indicators of sustainable socio-economic development. In modern conditions, the role of sustainable development analysis is increasing, since the influence of external and internal factors of instability of the regional economy is growing. The relevance of the problem considered in the article is due to the fact that the quality of the analysis of sustainable development of regions (taking into account factors of the external and internal environment and their assessment) determines the adequacy of strategic priorities formed during planning. Ensuring this adequacy is impossible without identifying the differentiation of the Russian regions by such key indicators of sustainability as GR P per capita and human development index. Also in the article, the results of the rating of sustainable development of Russian cities are presented; It is shown that economic instability not only negatively affects the sustainable development of the economy, but also plays a constructive role in the process of regional development. The indicators characterizing the sustainable development of macro-regions (federal districts) are analyzed: industrial production index, real cash income of the population. Particular attention is paid to changing the quality of life of the population of the regions through indicators: poverty level of the population, level of education, life expectancy of the population. The influence of the size of public debt in Russian regions on economic instability is shown.

Инвестиционный климат и инвестиционная привлекательность макрорегионов России

In accordance with the requirements of the law on strategic planning, macro-regions of the Russian Federation have been identified. The next solution is to develop strategies for the socio-economic development of macro-regions. Social and economic development requires financial resources. In a market economy, providing resources involves attracting investment. The distribution of investment between regions is uneven. Indicators of investments in fixed assets, financial investments of organizations and foreign direct investment indicate the attractiveness for investors of a limited number of regions. Assessments of investment attractiveness and investment climate are of interest to authorities, investors and local business communities. Guided by various interests and using original techniques, ratings of investment attractiveness and the investment climate of the regions are formed in scientific research and consulting developments. The results of these works are very contradictory. The article is devoted to the definition of regions — centers of investment activity in the macroregions of the Russian Federation, comparison of ratings agencies on the state of the investment climate and investment attractiveness of the regions.

Realization of PPP projects in the sector of energetics as a condition of a sustainable development of macroregions

The article deals with the problems of implementation of public-private partnership programs in the energy sector aimed at ensuring the sustainable development of macro-regions. It is determined that in the financing of PPP energy projects, the World Bank institutions evaluate the projects for the selection of the most effective and ready for implementation, based on a variety of criteria. This assessment gives priority to projects that are based on renewable energy sources and those that are more environmentally friendly. The problems and uncertainties associated with the implementation of PPP projects in the energy sector are identified.

Проблемы и перспективы реализации национальной политики экономического роста на базе развития макрорегионов, городских агломераций и минерально-сырьевых центров

Проблемы и перспективы реализации национальной политики экономического роста на базе развития макрорегионов, городских агломераций и минерально-сырьевых центров

Performance Criteria of Spatial Development Projects Based on Interregional Integration

The search of efficient ways for the development of regional socio-economic space is a relevant problem. The authors consider the models of spatial organization according to the Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2030. We conduct the comparative analysis of scenarios for the polarized and diversified spatial growth. Many investigations consider the concepts of polarized and endogenous growth. This study proposes a methodology to assess the development of macroregions and to increase the viability of interregional integration projects. To develop this methodology, we formulate scientific principles and indirect criteria of the project performance conforming to the theory of regional integration. In addition to the territorial community and complementarity of the development potentials, regional integration in the country should be based on the principles of security, networking, limited quantity and awareness of the potential project participants. Integration should ensure synergetic effects and take into account cultural and historical closeness, that manifests in the common mentality and existing economic relations among regions. The calculation results regarding the indirect criteria are obtained using the methods of classification and spatial correlation. This study confirms the hypothesis, that the formation of the Western Siberian and Ural macro-regions is appropriate. We have concluded this on the basis of the criteria of economic development, economic integration, the similarity of regional spaces as habitats, and a number of participants for the subjects of the Ural Federal District. The projection of the patterns of international economic integration to the interregional level allows predicting the highest probability for the successful cooperation among the Western Siberian regions with a high level of economic development. The authors’ method has revealed a high synchronization between the economies of Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk Regions. This synchronization increases the chances for successful integration into the Ural macro-region. The same criterion reveals the economic grounds for the productive cooperation between the Sverdlovsk Region and Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District. The application of the regional typology in terms of the mental characteristics provides fewer grounds for the optimistic forecasts in the social projects of interregional integration

A stakeholder-based EU territorial cooperation: the example of European macro-regions

ABSTRACTIn the last decade, European regional policy has faced considerable changes typified by the introduction of the place-based approach with the Barca Report. One of the most prominent changes in European territorial cooperation (ETC), supposedly reflecting this shift, is the development of macro-regions, the dynamic of which are only just beginning to influence policy-making. This paper aims to analyse contemporary styles of ETC under the place-based narrative by identifying characteristics of macro-regional cooperation. Drawing on empirical studies in the Danube, Alpine and North Sea regions, the paper shows that stakeholders’ primary rationale for getting involved is the opportunity for agenda-setting, and the intention to evoke changes in debates and in other stakeholders’ influence. The main argument the paper follows is that macro-regional experiences reveal a crucial dependence on relatively strong stakeholders. With the term ‘stakeholder-based’, the paper draws attention to the importance of stakeholder settings in these new forms of ETC. The paper concludes that conceptualizations of approaches to European regional policies would need to acknowledge the regional differences of stakeholder settings more explicitly, and highlights the need to better acknowledge the implications for political transparency and relative power in agenda-setting.

Organizing statistical research and system monitoring of the development of macroregions

Organizing statistical research and system monitoring of the development of macroregions