Development Of Logic Research Articles

Fuzzy Logic Concepts, Developments and Implementation

Over the past few decades, the field of fuzzy logic has evolved significantly, leading to the development of diverse techniques and applications. Fuzzy logic has been successfully combined with other artificial intelligence techniques such as artificial neural networks, deep learning, robotics, and genetic algorithms, creating powerful tools for complex problem-solving applications. This article provides an informative description of some of the main concepts in the field of fuzzy logic. These include the types and roles of membership functions, fuzzy inference system (FIS), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system and fuzzy c-means clustering. The processes of fuzzification, defuzzification, implication, and determining fuzzy rules’ firing strengths are described. The article outlines some recent developments in the field of fuzzy logic, including its applications for decision support, industrial processes and control, data and telecommunication, and image and signal processing. Approaches to implementing fuzzy logic models are explained and, as an illustration, Matlab (version R2024b) is used to demonstrate implementation of a FIS. The prospects for future fuzzy logic developments are explored and example applications of hybrid fuzzy logic systems are provided. There remain extensive opportunities in further developing fuzzy logic-based techniques, including their further integration with various machine learning algorithms, and their adaptation into consumer products and industrial processes.

What Social Research Can Learn from Archaeology: Comparison as Juxtaposition and Conduction

Methodological inspiration from the discipline of archaeology can spur new developments of logic of inquiry in social research beyond contemporary debates among empiricist, rationalist, and pragmatist positions with their corresponding modes of inference: induction, deduction, and abduction. Archaeological methodology pursues comparison not in terms of similarities and differences among cases but through the juxtaposition of heterogeneous yet coexisting finds. On this basis, it pursues inferences by what I call ‘conduction’ about the relationship among finds, understood as their conditions of coexistence. Archaeological methodology will prove especially useful to studies that face uncertainty about the constituting relationships of a phenomenon, surprising coexistences, or a need to transgress established disciplinary or social demarcations. On this background, I particularly discuss the usefulness of archaeological methodology for the broad literature on problems, problematization, issues, and concerns building on the works of Dewey, Callon, and Foucault.

A public health/hospital partnership to improve Emergency Department transitions of care for vulnerable older adults.

Community-dwelling older adults are at high risk for unmet social service needs. We describe a novel partnership embedding county services case managers in the Emergency Department (ED) to connect older adults to community services alongside their medical care. Setting: A medium-sized urban ED with 55,000 patient visits a year. Case managers from the Franklin County, Ohio Office on Aging (OA) were embedded within the ED. The OA team worked with the ED social work team to identify community-dwelling older patients, perform an in-person intake assessment, and initiate needed community services (including home-delivered meals, emergency response systems, house repairs, and transportation). Program logic model and development are reported in detail. From June to December 2023, there were 7284 ED visits for adults ≥60 years old. Referrals to the OA case manager ranged from 1 to 13 per day. The OA case managers performed 252 full intake assessments on unique patients. The population was 51% men. Only 11% (n = 28) were currently connected to OA services, and of those already connected 29% (n = 8) needed increased services. Of the remaining unconnected patients (n = 224), 8% (n = 20) were not county residents and the OA team connected them with other county OAs. Half 53% (n = 120) were accepting of services and had services from the OA or other community health programs initiated during the ED visit. The OA team made three new Adult Protective Services referrals and one referral to the long-term care ombudsman. The program did not increase ED length of stay or hospital admission rates. Embedding county service enrollment within a community ED is a cost neutral intervention that reached a population without previous services. Future plans include expansion of the program and evaluation of the program's ability to detect elder mistreatment and self-neglect.

Design of Low Power Control Unit for RISC-V Processor Core

This research work focuses on the development of a low-power decode logic for a RISC-V processor core with specifications. The goal is to create a controller that performs all six groups of instruction formats outlined in the RV32I Base Integer Instruction Set. The control unit is designed to decode a total of 13 instruction sets, allowing for a comprehensive range of operations. A single instruction pipeline approach is implemented in the design to optimize performance. The synthesis of the design is carried out using the 32 nm standard library, resulting in a maximum operating frequency of 666.67 MHz. To further enhance power efficiency, clock gating techniques are employed, leading to a reduction in power consumption by 18.72 % from 112.15 µW to 91.45 µW. Additionally, the layout of the design is optimized, resulting in an area of 354.74 mm2. The successful development of this low-power decode logic demonstrates its potential for integration into larger RISC-V processor cores. Future enhancements can include expanding the instruction decoding capability to encompass the full range of 47 instructions in the RV32I Base Integer Instruction Set, as well as exploring additional pipeline stages to further improve performance. The results achieved in this project contribute to the ongoing pursuit of power-efficient and high-performance processor designs based on the RISC-V architecture.

An insight for the interaction of Aceclofenac with hemoglobin using spectroscopic, electrochemical and in silico approaches

The interactions between protein and ligand are crucial to practically every biological function in the body, and investigations of these interactions are critical from the perspective of logical medication development. In this work, several biophysical methods like UV–Visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and in-silico studies have been explored to examine the interaction between aceclofenac and haemoglobin. Spectrofluorimetric data confirmed the static nature of the protein quenching mechanism caused by the medication. ΔG for the formation of the complex via the interaction was found to be − 12.65 kJ/mol. Molecular docking showed a strong interaction between aceclofenac and hemoglobin with a binding energy of − 31.79 kJ/mol. Further, molecular dynamics simulations using Gromacs were run to investigate the stability of the protein with and without aceclofenac, and the ΔG for the formation of the complex (hemoglobin-aceclofenac) is − 105.09 kJ/mol with an error of 13.51 kJ/mol. Spectroscopic and in-silico calculations indicate the feasible binding of the aceclofenac with hemoglobin. Further, the interaction of haemoglobin with aceclofenac was studied by cyclic voltammetry.Graphical

Progress and challenges in the synthesis of two-dimensional Van der Waals ferroic materials and heterostructures

Abstract Two-dimensional ferroelectric and magnetic van der Waals materials are emergent platforms for the discovery of novel cooperative quantum phenomena and development of energy-efficient logic and memory applications as well as neuromorphic and topological computing. This review presents a comprehensive survey of the rapidly growing 2D ferroic family from the synthesis perspective, including brief introductions to the top-down and bottom-up approaches for fabricating 2D ferroic flakes, thin films, and heterostructures as well as the important characterization techniques for assessing the sample properties. We also discuss the key challenges and future directions of the field, including scalable growth, property control, sample stability, and integration with other functional materials.

Korvais in Karnatak Music - Improvisation through Training

Korvai is a Tamil word meaning joining or beading. When rhythmic syllables are joined or beaded together in a logical development and culminate in a structural format of definable Purvanga and Uttaranga then they can be termed as Korvai. Korvais form an essential part of every Karnatak concert. They are being extensively used by Vocalists, Instrumentalists and various types of percussion artistes also. Since, Korvai is an integral and important aspect of a concert, there is a necessity to analyze the process of making them and also quantify them for easier approaches to its various types. There are two parts in a Korvai, that are generally being used to identify them distinctively. They are Purvanga (the first part or the introductory part) and Uttaranga (the ending part or the subsequent part). The purvanga and uttaranga are constant factors irrespective of the rhythmic structure or Tala structure. Same Purvanga can be used with different Uttarangas for same tala or extended to other talas as well. Such being the case, the purvangas and uttarangas are clearly quantifiable in terms of numbers and rhythmic phrases or combination of phrases. When a number is being used, there can be logical build up and hence this article explores such logical build-up using numbers in a structured way converted as cognizable rhythmic varieties. Talas are cyclical in nature having specified fixed number of beats per cycle. For a tala which is having 9 beats per cycle, the total number for 3 or 4 cycles can be calculated by simple multiplication. For example, for 4 cycles the total would be 36 beats. Whenever calculations are made mostly they are done on either as number of beats or on pulses. Both methods can be employed for quick results. In the above case, there were 36 beats which can give us 144 pulses (36 X 4).The purvanga can be anything like 108 and the uttaranga can be 36. The general ratio of purvanga and uttaranga could be 60:40 or 70:30 for. Longer Purvangas of 90:10 or shorter purvangas of 20:80 are generally not preferred. This article also covers various examples where different combinations are improvised. Different types of korvais can also be made using such improvisations.

Developmental Logic and Resurgence of New State Capitalism in India

Developmental Logic and Resurgence of New State Capitalism in India

Tense-Logic and the Revival of Philosophical Theology

The article discusses Nicholas Wolterstorff’s explanations for the flourishing of philosophical theology in analytic philosophy by taking Arthur Norman Prior’s (1914–1969) development of tense-logic into account. Prior’s work challenged the prevailing anti-metaphysical norms in analytic philosophy and introduced an alternative understanding of the relationship between logic and metaphysics. Prior’s application of tense-logic to an analysis of the concept of existence in quantified tense-logic and his exploration of future contingency in branching time semantics provide a strong reason for why analytic philosophy naturally incorporates philosophical theology. These considerations lead us to modify Wolterstorff’s emphasis on the importance of meta-epistemology for the resurgence of philosophical theology. A development in logic was necessary. Furthermore, Prior’s importance questions the assumption that philosophical theology was a consequence of theistic philosophers seeking ways to defend theistic beliefs in analytic philosophy. This is not true for Prior. His invention of tense-logic and discussion of omniscience was driven by an existential interest in finding answers to philosophical problems concerning divine foreknowledge and human freedom which ultimately led him to reject his Christian beliefs.

Enhancing students' writing paragraphs through Canva Magic AI

This research aimed to investigate the influence of Canva Magic AI on improving students' writing quality and to gauge their perceptions of using the tool. The study utilized a quantitative, pre-experimental One-Group Pretest–Posttest Design. Eight English literature students were selected using convenience sampling from an Intermediate English Grammar and Paragraph Writing class at STBA Persada Bunda during the 2023-2024 academic year. Data were collected via a writing test and a questionnaire. The findings revealed a significant improvement in students' writing quality after using Canva Magic AI, with a p-value of 0.012 from the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Notable enhancements were observed across various writing components, including better organization, with more students receiving "Excellent to Good" ratings and the complete elimination of the "Not College Level Work" category. Logical development of ideas component showed significant improvement, with more students achieving higher ratings and lower ratings decreasing to zero. Grammar quality also improved markedly, with increases in higher ratings and decreases in lower ones. Progress was observed in punctuation, spelling, mechanics, and the style and quality of expression, with significant boosts in higher ratings and reductions in lower performance levels. Furthermore, students' perceptions of Canva Magic AI were highly positive, with mean ratings consistently above 4.0 on a 5-point scale. They acknowledged the tool's effectiveness in improving their writing skills and content creation, although some reported variability in experiences with errors, indicating a need for further refinement. The research underscores the effectiveness of Canva Magic AI as a supplementary educational tool, demonstrating its potential to enhance writing skills and overall quality. The implications for educational practices suggest integrating AI tools like Canva Magic AI into curricula to support and improve students' writing proficiency, fostering a more engaging and efficient learning environment.

High-Performance Gate-Controlled Superconducting Switches: Large Output Voltage and Reproducibility.

Logic circuits consist of devices that can be controlled between two distinct states. The recent demonstration that a superconducting current flowing in a constriction can be controlled via a gate voltage (VG)─gate-controlled supercurrent (GCS)─can lead to superconducting logic with better performance than existing logics. However, before such logic is developed, high reproducibility in the functioning of GCS devices and optimization of their performance must be achieved. Here, we report an investigation of gated Nb devices showing GCS with very high reproducibility. Based on the investigation of a statistically significant number of devices, we demonstrate that the GCS is independent of the constriction width, in contrast with previous reports, and confirm a strong correlation between the GCS and the leakage current (Ileak) induced by VG. We also achieve a voltage output in our devices larger than the typical values reported to date by at least 1 order of magnitude, which is relevant for the future interconnection of devices, and show that Ileak can be used as a tool to modulate the operational VG of devices on a SiO2 substrates. These results altogether represent an important step forward toward the optimization of reproducibility and performance of GCS devices, and the future development of a GCS-based logic.

Parametric influence and optimization of the dehumidification performance of a variable-frequency dehumidifier

This paper optimizes a variable-frequency dehumidification system (VFDS) based on the principle of vapor compression refrigeration (VCR), wherein the compressor frequency and fan speed can be changed. The effect of the compressor frequency and fan speed on the operating parameters of the VFDS, including the evaporating temperature (T e), condensing temperature (T c), superheating (ΔT sh), and subcooling (ΔT sc), is studied experimentally under three operating conditions. The effect of variable-frequency on the dehumidification performance is analyzed at the mechanistic level through two dehumidification performance indicators, namely, the dehumidification capacity (DC) and dehumidification energy efficiency (DEE). ΔT sh is primarily controlled by the capillary throttling effect, which always starts to cross the “0” point when the fan speed is 600 rpm under different conditions. An increase in the compressor frequency leads to the opposite trend for DC and DEE, but their corresponding optimal fan speeds are relatively close. At 27 °C/60%, the optimal fan speed intervals with DC and DEE as single optimization objectives are both [600 rpm, 700 rpm]. However, at 30 °C/80%, the overall difference between the optimal fan speed intervals with DC and DEE as optimization objectives is 50–100 rpm. Importantly, the risk of frost at 18.3 °C/60% can lead to a significant extension of the optimal fan speed interval, which is [500 rpm, 900 rpm], making it more difficult to control. The concept of the dehumidification operating temperature difference (ΔT) is proposed to comprehensively evaluate the dehumidification capacity and as a control index for variable frequencies. The relationships among the optimal ΔT and the ambient dew point temperature (Td ) and compressor frequency are established through response surface methodology (RSM) with a maximum deviation of 5.97%. This work can provide an optimized variable-frequency solution for the VFDS and some guidance for the control logic development of the VFDS.

Probing the Spin-Momentum Locking on Rashba Surfaces via Spin Current.

In this study, we investigate the spin-momentum locking phenomenon on Rashba states of antimony (Sb) films. Utilizing spin pumping in conjunction with an external charge current, we uncover the topological properties of Sb surface states. Our key finding is the precise manipulation of the direction and magnitude of the charge current generated by the inverse Rashba-Edelstein effect. This control is achieved through the dynamic interaction between out-of-equilibrium pumped spins and spin-momentum-locked flowing spins, which are perpendicular to the charge current. Our results highlight Sb as a promising material for both fundamental and applied spintronics research. The studied Sb nanostructures demonstrate potential for the development of low-power logic gates operating with currents in the microampere range, paving the way for advanced spintronic applications.

Introduction to the Special Issue

Seeking critical and sound examination, analysis, and evaluation of complex ideas and theories of established past directions in the interdisciplinary fields of diaspora, postcolonial, and culture studies, this collection aims to chart intellectually meaningful pathways for future planetary survival and thriving, while throwing needed light on intricacies and nuances of established research and existing systems. Pondering the problems but also pursuing the possibilities of “diaspora connections” is a necessary and urgent endeavor today. While academics, activists, and cultural practitioners are creating numerous portals out of the human-conflict epidemic, and some see in the metaphoric and real “disease” the very artifacts and materials for hope of transformative power, the collection is driven by the realization, articulation, and intention of seeking inclusive paradigms and building enduring diaspora connections. In this spirit, I invited research papers that address, illuminate, analyze, and/or critique specific manifestations, dynamisms, or stagnancies of “diaspora connections,” as well as explore its multiple understandings and contexts. Whether focusing on recognized or emerging contours of diaspora communities shaped by and beyond concepts of race, ethnicity, colonization, and developmental logics, researched works on alignments and disjunctions, as well as new formations along postcolonial ecologies and narratives of culture, social formations and experiences were encouraged.

Development of an application for the formation of mathematical abilities and economic wit

The authors discusses an innovative approach to building and developing mathematical ability and economic acumen through the Math Wonderland application. It also demonstrates how gamification and interactive methods help to increase students' motivation and make the process of applying mathematics more fun and effective, showing how close the links between mathematics and economics are. The game was developed by the authors of the study using Blender and Unity tools. These modern tools and technologies make it possible to animate all the tasks offered in the game for the development of logic, wit, memory and spatial thinking. And well thought-out adaptability and individualization of difficulty levels allow the game to be used by children with different degrees of mathematical skills (the target audience is children aged 5 years and older). The results of testing the game in schools confirm its effectiveness in teaching math, developing critical thinking and economic literacy.

Information and Logic Model Development Natural Engineering System Environmental Monitoring

Environmental monitoring is the main source of information on the current environment state and its changes associated with man-made and anthropogenic impact. The system of environmental monitoring of increased danger technogenic objects includes state observations of air and water environments, soil snow cover, as well as monitoring of flora and fauna, including biotesting and bioindication. An example of an integrated approach to organizing the environment conditionobserving system is environmental monitoring in the zone of chemical weapons destruction facilities. The results of monitoring activities are numerical arrays of quantitative indicators of the environment state related to specific monitoring objects: concentrations of pollutants in natural environments (air, water, and soil); indicators of the state of flora and fauna; bioindication results. The complexity of the monitoring result integrated analysis is primarily associated with the diversity of the structure and number of indicators for individual natural environments, different dimensions of indicators, as well as the sparseness of the matrices of data arrays. Taking into account the above-mentioned information, it is relevant to develop methods for storing and updating environmental monitoring data arrays, as well as algorithms for operational analysis of the results of monitoring studies. The paper presents an information and logical model that allows to form databases for storing and replenishing data on the state of the natural engineering system. The developed information and logic model is focused on building OLAP cubes for subsequent analysis of environmental monitoring data. The presented information and logical model is the main stage of developing a system for storing, updating and analyzing the results of environmental monitoring of the TCP. Systematization and structuring of indicators of natural environments and ecosystems makes it possible to formulate a number of practical tasks for assessing and predicting the state of the environment in the presence of technogenic impact.

Teachers' Efforts in Overcoming Calistung Learning Difficulties in Grade I Students

Difficulties that are often encountered when learning in lower grades are reading, writing and arithmetic which can be one of the factors inhibiting the learning process in class. The learning difficulties faced by students will greatly influence their academic results, because to achieve good academic results students also need to try hard in their studies. Reading and writing skills at elementary school level are very important in helping children understand how to convey the information they receive, while numeracy skills will support the development of children's logic and thinking abilities. The aim of this research is to describe the teacher's efforts in overcoming calistung learning difficulties in class I MI Muhammadiyah PK Wirogunan students. This research is a qualitative descriptive study using data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observation and documentation. The results of the research show that teachers overcoming calistung learning difficulties include: a) seek support and enthusiasm for intense learning; b) using the media book Islamic Children's Loves to Read (AISM); c) instructors (teachers) develop cooperation towards students. Supporting factors include: a) a comfortable learning environment; b) support from the school. While the inhibiting factors; a) lack of concentration of student learning; b) lack of support from parents. Solutions to overcome inhibiting factors include; the teacher gives assignments to students who experience learning difficulties; teachers try to help students who experience learning difficulties; teachers apply varied learning methods according to students' personalities.

Historical Reality as an Integral System in the Context of the Development of Kazakh Culture and Islamic Traditions

This study examines the issues of historical reality as an integral system in the context of the development of the Kazakh culture of epic singing and versification. Songs from a certain era were the recognition of historical moments such as the “national catastrophe” of the XVIII century, reflecting the opposition to the colonisation of the XIX century and the participation of famous historical figures in the 1916 national liberation uprising. The purpose of this study is to investigate the Kazakh folk epic poetry represented by legends, songs and poems, which reflect the various cultural events of the Kazakh historical reality of national evolvement and development. The primary approach used in this study is the combination of a systematic analysis of the materials from Kazakh national song and poetic culture with the logical development of the results and conclusions of this study. The main results of this study are the establishment of the conditional reliability of the events described in historical poetry. Assessing the historical reality of a single state in general and Kazakhstan in particular, one should consider the fact that not all historical events that have taken place were reflected in the works of national poets and became part of the national epic poetry. The various historical events and circumstances that occurred in the country throughout its history should also be considered. The prospects for subsequent study in this area are determined by the importance of studying the origins and traditions of the folklore of the Republic of Kazakhstan as the historical reality of the development of the state, which forms an integral system of the historical existence of the Kazakh people. The practical significance of this study lies in its potential to apply its findings to achieve a comprehensive understanding of specific phases in the evolution of Kazakh song and oral folklore, within the broader context of Kazakh cultural traditions.

A Continuity in Logical Development: Domain-General Disjunctive Inference by Toddlers.

Children grow up surrounded by opportunities to learn (the language of their community, the movements of their body, other people's preferences and mental lives, games, social norms, etc.). Here, we find that toddlers (N = 36; age range 2.3-3.2 years) rely on a logical reasoning strategy, Disjunctive Inference (i.e., A OR B, A is ruled out, THEREFORE, B), across a variety of situations, all before they have any formal education or extensive experience with words for expressing logical meanings. In learning new words, learning new facts about a person, and finding the winner of a race, toddlers systematically consider and reject competitors before deciding who must be the winner. This suggests that toddlers may have a general-purpose logical reasoning tool that they can use in any situation.

Development Logic From Regional Cuisine to Global Fast Food — A Case Study of Lanzhou Beef Noodles

Lanzhou Beef Noodles is a distinctive regional food in and around Lanzhou, China. With the development of the society, Lanzhou Beef Noodles has become a shared culinary cultural element among people across many parts of China and even expanding globally. The phenomenon of “Lanzhou Beef Noodles” evolving into “Lanzhou Ramen” and spreading throughout the streets worldwide highlights the combined significance of this food and its business. This combination has led to the dual expansion of the economic significance of cuisine and the social significance of business. Using ethnographic research methods based on anthropology and incorporating anthropological theories of business, this paper argues that adhering to traditional culinary standards constitutes a core competitiveness and value advantage of Lanzhou Beef Noodles. A rational operation of capital plays a crucial social role in the process of business inheritance and transformation. The joint efforts of the government and the private sector, along with an adaptive business model, have transformed Lanzhou Beef Noodles from a culinary cultural resource into a cultural capital. This transition is the developmental logic behind the widespread success of Lanzhou Beef Noodles, making it a culinary delight locally, nationally and globally.