Development Of Knowledge-based Economy Research Articles

The Impact of Career Development on Employee Commitment of Part-Time Faculty (PTF) in Hong Kong’s Continuing Professional Development (CPD) Sector

Aims: The development of knowledge-based economy in Hong Kong requires employees with higher education level and more up-to-date knowledge. Information and communication technology (ICT) industry has been growing rapidly which is important for building a knowledge-based economy by providing higher mobility of information, more efficient communication network and sharing of knowledge between business partners. In 2002 the HKSAR Government has set up a Continuing Education Fund to encourage employees in Hong Kong to improve their education and update their knowledge by enrolling into continuing professional development courses. This policy provides opportunities to courses providers to offer continuing professional development (CPD) courses. Since these CPD courses are provided after work so the courses are conducted by part-time faculty (PTF) and there is a need to recruit part-time staff in delivering these courses. Recruitment of PTF gives course providers the benefit of meeting their teaching needs economically and flexibly but educators have often expressed concern over whether Research Article British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioural Science, 4(1): 52-73, 2014 53 the performance of PTF is in anyway affected by the absence of career development opportunities. Study Design: This study was a quantitative study which used [1] five-component commitment model to examine the effects of the perception of value of career development (VCD) on the commitment components of PTF. Place and Duration of Study: The study was taken in Hong Kong between June 2011 and June 2012. Methodology: Sample data from a population of PTF working at the 450 registered CPD course providers in Hong Kong was collected from an online questionnaire. Finally 270 set of data collated together was analyzed by factor analysis, correlation tests and multiple regression respectively. Results: The results of this study suggest that perceived VCD was affirmed to have a significantly positive influence on employee commitment, while perception of the availability of career development opportunities was found to have a moderating effect on the association between perceived VCD and employee commitment. Conclusion: This study has both theoretical and managerial implications. The examination of the complicated relationship between career development and employee commitment of PTF in Hong Kong’s CPD industry can therefore serve as a useful reference point for both academic researchers and education managers. The findings can also help CPD institutes to formulate suitable human resource strategies for attracting and retaining well-qualified practitioners to become PTF.

The role of triple-helix models in the development of the regional innovation system

The change of focus, i.e. orientation, in the global economic structure, related to the sources of innovation, was noticed in the last decades of the XX century. In fact, there was a kind of shift from an earlier focus on single institutional spheres - product development in industry, policy making in government and creation and dissemination of knowledge in university - to the interaction of these three spheres as a source of innovation and social interaction. These changes entail not only various mechanisms of restructuring these sources, but also a rethinking on models for conceptualizing innovation, including innovation systems (regional, national, sectoral, technological, etc.). Triple Helix model implies a shift from the dominant dyad (industry-government) to an emerging triad between universities, industry and government in the knowledge society. At the present time, this model has grown into a specific analytical framework for exploring the complex dynamics of a knowledge society and a tool for decision making and modeling innovation and development strategies at the regional, national and international levels. The work analyzes the development of a Triple Helix model in terms of its neo-institutional and neo-evolutionary perspective, in order to study the possible synergistic effects of its interrelated factors. In this way, we are advocating for a combination of public and private management at the regional level, encouraging the creation of systemic innovation and the development of knowledge-based economy.

Knowledge-based economic development as a unifying vision in a post-awakening Arab World

This article traces the evolution of knowledge-based economic development in the Arab World. In pursuing this objective, many countries in the region have made large state-driven human capital investments with the goals of job creation, economic integration, economic diversification, environmental sustainability, and social development. An assessment of the effectiveness of Arab investments in human capital shows marginal progress towards knowledge-based development over the last decade. A disconnect between the skills developed in Arab skills formation systems and those required by private sector employers relegates Arab businesses to contesting lower-skilled, non-knowledge intensive industries which has stalled knowledge-based development in the region.

Мегаполисы – инкубаторы инноваций

In the emerging pattern of territorial settlement large metropolitan areas have become centers that attract people, assets, and technologies. In such a way they turn into pillars of national, macroregional and global economic complexes. They promote the development of knowledge-based economy, innovation and new types of human activity and social life.

Beyond innovation: the Small Business Innovation Research program as entrepreneurship policy

Entrepreneurship or new firm formation plays an increasingly important role in knowledge-based economic development. Public policy to encourage new firm formation has not focused on high quality, high potential firms, and the search for entrepreneurship policy with high economic impact is still needed. This research evaluates the efficacy of the US Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program from the perspective of promoting high technology entrepreneurship. In particular, we examine whether the local presence of SBIR awards is associated with increased new firm formation rates in the high technology sector. Although the primary objective of SBIR is to facilitate technological commercialization in small businesses, our policy analysis based on spatial multivariate methods suggests that this program may also serve as an effective entrepreneurship policy.

نموذج مفاهيمي لتشكيل المهارات الوطنية للتنمية الاقتصادية القائمة على المعرفة في العالم العربي

The movement of many Arab countries toward knowledge-based economic development requires the transition to more effective skills formation systems. This paper proposes an institutionalist approach to national skills development systems in the advancement toward knowledge-based economic development. There is currently no accepted general framework to analyze national skills development systems, and this has resulted in countries adopting reactive approaches to skills development problems. The conceptual framework advanced is an integrated, systemic view of national skills formation systems guided by government intervention in light of rampant failures of skills formation approaches that rely exclusively upon market mechanisms. The framework contributes to the skills formation literature by reviewing, synthesizing, and building on the literature from a multidisciplinary perspective. It considers the relevant institutions and interests of key stakeholders as highly interrelated in the context of knowledge-based economic development and achievement of accompanying economic, political, and social objectives in the Arab World. Keywords: skills formation, knowledge economy, skills development policy, economic development, lifelong learning, Arab World. تتطلب حركة العديد من الدول العربية نحو التنمية الاقتصادية القائمة على المعرفة الانتقال إلى أنظمة

A Measurement Framework for Knowledge-Based Economy (KBE) Efficiency in ASEAN: A Data Envelopment (DEA) Window Approach

The objective of this paper is to assess the relative efficiencies of ASEAN-5 countries in their development ofknowledge-based economies (KBEs) during the period 2005-2010. The KBE concept was first used by theOrganization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) describing it as an economy which isdirectly based on the production, distribution and use of knowledge and information. Subsequently, the AsiaPacific Economic Cooperation forum (APEC) and the World Bank Institute (WBI), along with the OECD,extended the concept and developed frameworks to compare the status of the knowledge base of differenteconomies. These frameworks identify four core dimensions: knowledge acquisition, production, distributionand utilization, and use many structural and qualitative variables in their analysis. But none of the currentmethodologies explicitly divide the KBE indicators under these four core dimensions or measure the efficiencywith which knowledge inputs are transformed to knowledge outputs. This paper attempts to fill the gap inexisting literature by building a policy-focused KBE framework, selecting appropriate indicators from theexisting OECD and WBI KBE frameworks and assessing the relative input-output efficiencies of the ASEAN-5countries in the development of their KBEs over time. For this purpose we use the linear programmingapplication of Data Envelopment (DEA) Window Analysis. The DEA/Window scores allow the comparison ofthe relative performance of each country regarding each dimension of KBE. The importance of this study,however, is not so much the immediate result which highlights comparative efficiencies, but rather thatDEA/Window is a workable model which can take the study of KBE further in investigating the contributoryfactors of KBE.

The Entrepreneurial State: The German Entrepreneurial Regions’ Programme as an Attenuator for the Financial Crisis

The financial crisis encourages governments to identify innovation programmes that had proven successful in contributing to regional resilience. In this context, the federal programme Innovative, Regional Growth Core (Innovative Regional Growth Core, IRGC) developed under the umbrella of the Entrepreneurial Regions Programme Portfolio (ERP) (Based on a formative evaluation of the BMBF programme “IRGC” in the context of the ERP and 18 clusters in different funding stages (ex post funding stage after 3 years, funded and cluster in the proposal stage) running from 2003 to 2005. See Gebhardt et al. 2005, Endbericht der Evaluation des BMBF—“Innovative Regionale Wachstumskerne” 2003–2005. Report to the BMBF.) of the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) deserves new consideration for its contribution to regional robustness. IRGC was designed as a crisis recovery tool to jump start East German economy after reunification. Since 2001, the programme has continuously generated a moderate number of new firms, spin-offs from universities and enhanced employment as well as private investments in the politically induced clusters, which have also shown a relatively stable development even in the economic downturn of the recent financial crisis. As a new programmatic feature, the BMBF demands a well-grounded market-oriented strategy from the regional consortia aiming at developing innovative and economically successful products from science. The German innovation programme IRGC illustrates the shift in innovation policy from passive funder to active entrepreneur. Through this strategic approach, government plays an important role in inducing, encouraging and organizing knowledge-based economic development. We discuss how these policies can add to the viability and resilience of innovative clusters by encouraging them to build up management competences.

Developing a knowledge-based economy through innovation policy: The cases of Bulgaria, Finland and Scotland

Different EU member states adopt and apply the EU knowledge-based economy (KBE) development policies in different ways and at different paces. Innovation policies are widely seen as key tools for supporting economic growth and wealth. This paper aims to study the innovation policies and strategies in place in three EU member states: Bulgaria, Finland and the UK (Scotland), which are representative of different stages in the development of a KBE. Reviewing innovation management literature, EU and national innovation policy documents, the author investigated how the EU vision for KBE development has been translated in each of the three countries. The author argues that to achieve the goal of establishing a developed KBE, coherent policies on education, research and innovation, which build upon and reflect national cultures and traditions are required. Copyright The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com, Oxford University Press.

Technology-based design and sustainable economic growth

This paper seeks to analyze how design creates economic value. The literature on knowledge-based economic development has primarily focused on innovation as the analytical lens, whereas design is the original action that leads to innovation. Despite the fundamental importance of design, existing design research has offered few insights and little guidance for national strategies due to the lack of focus on and analysis of design in an economic context. This paper addresses such gaps by linking design research and economic development theory. We first elaborate on the relationship among design, invention and innovation, describing the necessity of design activity for invention and innovation. Our analysis of the fundamental characteristics of design across contexts sheds light on the strategic importance of the accumulative nature of technology-based design for sustaining economic growth. Through the lens of technology-based design, we further quantitatively compare Singapore and three similarly-sized countries (South Korea, Finland and Taiwan). Based upon interview data, we also qualitatively examine Singapore's national strategy focusing on design. The quantitative and qualitative results align well with the Singaporean government's use of design as a strategic lever to pursue innovation-driven economic growth, and also reveal its achievements and shortfalls which indicate possible directions for strategic adjustment.

Analysis of Knowledge-based Economy Development in Poland in the Light of Strategic Documents

After the European Union summit in spring 2005, the member countries were obliged to implement the Lisbon Strategy on the national level and to prepare national strategies to fulfil its goals. Due to this, the goals and tasks of building knowledge-based economy were entered into the strategic documents and operational programs included in the National Strategic Reference Framework 2007-2013 (NSRF), prepared by successive governments after 2005. However, it needs to be mentioned that also scientific institutions (e.g. the Polish Academy of Sciences, PAN) introduced various strategic documents in which issues of knowledge-based economy and its role in the social and economic development of Poland were included. However, a study of a holistic knowledgebased economy was not made. The aim of article is to present and assess the most important documents referring to the strategy of knowledge–based economy development in Poland.

Knowledge-based Economic Development in Emerging Regions: Policy Issues and Implications in the Balkan Peninsula

Huggins R. and Strakova L. Knowledge-based economic development in emerging regions: policy issues and implications in the Balkan Peninsula, Regional Studies. This paper analyses the policy implications related to the progression of three key emerging metropolitan regions in the Balkan Peninsula towards the development of knowledge-based economies. It suggests that a challenge for these regions is realizing the ‘new value’ of knowledge. The paper finds that regional policy-making is a relatively new area of intervention. It is suggested that the problems and barriers found in these emerging regions, and the potential policy solutions, resonate with those of the less competitive regions of more advanced national economies. In the case of the emerging regions, however, the policy learning curve remains relatively steep. Huggins R. and Strakova L. 新兴区域中基于知识的经济发展：巴尔干半岛的政策介入及其影响，区域研究。本文分析了巴尔干半岛三大新兴大都市区向知识经济发展进程中相关的政策影响。研究表明，对于上述区域而言，挑战在于如何实现知识的“新价值”。 研究发现，区域政策制定是进行干预的新领域。上述区域中存在的矛盾、障碍以及潜在的政策解决办法与发达国家经济体中竞争力较弱的地区类似。然而在上述新兴区域，政策学习曲线仍旧相对较陡。 区域发展 知识经济 创新 新兴区域 巴尔干 区域政策 Huggins R. et Strakova L. Le développement de l'économie de la connaissance dans les régions naissantes: des questions et des politiques dans la péninsule balkanique, Regional Studies. Cet article cherche à analyser les implications pour la politique liées au progrès vers le développement des économies de la connaissance de trois régions métropolitaines naissantes motrices situées dans la péninsule balkanique. On laisse supposer que la réalisation de la ‘nouvelle valeur’ de la connaissance constitue un défi pour ces régions-là. Il s'avère que la mise au point de la politique régionale est un domaine d'intervention relativement nouveau. On suggère que les questions et les obstacles de ces régions naissantes, et les propositions de politique, font écho à ceux des régions moins compétitives situées dans les économies développées. Cependant, pour ce qui est des régions naissantes, la pente de la courbe d'apprentissage qui dessine la politique reste relativement raide. Aménagement du territoire Economie de la connaissance Innovation Régions naissantes Balkans Politique régionale Huggins R. und Strakova L. Entwicklung der wissensbasierten Wirtschaft in neu entstehenden Regionen: politische Probleme und Auswirkungen auf der Balkanhalbinsel, Regional Studies. In diesem Beitrag werden die politischen Auswirkungen der Progression von drei neu entstehenden Metropolitanregionen auf der Balkanhalbinsel hin zur Entwicklung von wissensbasierten Wirtschaften untersucht. Es wird die These aufgestellt, dass ein Problem für diese Regionen darin besteht, den ‘neuen Wert’ des Wissens zu erkennen. Im Beitrag wird festgestellt, dass es sich bei der regionalen politischen Gestaltung um einen relativ neuen Bereich der Intervention handelt. Ebenso wird die These aufgestellt, dass die in diesen neu entstehenden Regionen auftretenden Probleme und Hindernisse sowie ihre potenziellen politischen Lösungen denen von weniger konkurrenzfähigen Regionen in fortgeschrittenen nationalen Wirtschaften ähneln. Im Fall der neu entstehenden Regionen gibt es jedoch weiterhin eine relativ steile politische Lernkurve zu bewältigen. Regionalentwicklung Wissenswirtschaft Innovation Neu entstehende Regionen Balkan Regionalpolitik Huggins R. y Strakova L. Desarrollo de economías basadas en el conocimiento en regiones emergentes: cuestiones y repercusiones políticas en la península balcánica, Regional Studies. En este artículo analizamos las repercusiones políticas relacionadas con la progresión de tres importantes regiones metropolitanas emergentes en la península balcánica hacia el desarrollo de economías basadas en el conocimiento. Sostenemos que uno de los retos para estas regiones es darse cuenta del ‘nuevo valor’ del conocimiento. En este ensayo destacamos que la política regional es un ámbito de intervención relativamente nuevo. Sugerimos que los problemas y los inconvenientes hallados en estas regiones emergentes, y las posibles soluciones políticas, van a la par con las de las regiones menos competitivas de las economías nacionales avanzadas. Sin embargo, en el caso de las regiones emergentes, la curva del aprendizaje por parte de la política continúa siendo relativamente empinada. Desarrollo regional Economía del conocimiento Innovación Regiones emergentes Balcanes Política regional

The Knowledge-Based Economy and the Failure of the Arab Dream: What the !#%@ Happened?

This paper argues that the Arab countries are pursing knowledge-based economic development based on flawed practices from countries perceived to have made successful transitions to knowledge-based economies. Many of the archetypal models of the knowledge-based economy transition, such as the US and Ireland, face substantial economic development problems, such as record high youth unemployment rates, with tremendous societal implications The importation of the knowledge economy concept to the Arab region was accompanied by an emphasis on the welfare of individuals being tied directly to their success in gaining and maintaining higher qualifications and skills which could be sold in the labor market to match high wage employment opportunities expected to be generated by emerging high skill, knowledge-based industries. However, the high wage, high skills jobs associated with knowledge-based industries have not materialized in the region and are increasingly subject to competition from the emergence of low wage, high skill workers in other developing countries. The failure of Arab economies to deliver on the livelihood generating promises of knowledge-based development have caused economic frustrations which catalyzed the Arab Spring.

An Analysis of Globalization and Higher Education in Malaysia

This study aims to examine the impact of globalization on private higher education in Malaysia. The impact of globalization and the development of knowledge-based economy have caused much dramatic change to the character and functions of higher education in Malaysia. The major trend is the reforming and restructuring of private higher education in Malaysia to make it more competitive globally. If Malaysia is serious in turning into an “education hub”, strategies and policies have to be in place to attract international students to study with a local university with international standards.

Potential and prospects for development of academic entrepreneurship in Poland

The development of knowledge-based economy has forced - especially in countries with advanced industries - profound changes in the operation of all scientific institutions, including higher education, which is one of the most important intellectual assets available to national economies. Triggering the entrepreneurial potential of academic staff and opening to business of university research laboratories has become a primary objective of scientific and technical policy in many countries, including Poland. This article aims to present the state of academic entrepreneurship in Poland, including the factors determining its development. The first section discusses the theoretical issues related to the essence of academic entrepreneurship and the results of selected research and analytical work on issues of development of academic entrepreneurship in Poland. In the further part of the article, in relation to the discussed research, presented are conclusions and recommendations on how to best support the development of academic entrepreneurship. The article uses the reports and expertise resulting from research conducted in this field.

SPÓŁKI TYPU SPIN OFF I SPIN OUT JAKO PLATFORMA INTEGRACJI NAUKI I BIZNESU

Comprehensive analysis all the issues relating to the functioning of spin off and spin out businesses exceeds the scope and objectives of this study. Present paper focuses only on explaining the concept and the essence of campus firms, the characteristic of their business models, a description of their inherent strategic potential and presentation of opportunities and risks of their progress in the future.However, it seems that even such a modest article gives grounds to believe that the spin off and spin out businesses may deserve to be called innovative business elite and efficient platform for the integration of science and business. There are many arguments attest to this thesis. The prime is the fact that campus firms integrate all three, probably the most important strategic factors of competitiveness, namely knowledge, entrepreneurship and innovation. Moreover, global trends in reducing the gap between science and business, development of knowledge-based economies and demand on high technologies are also chances for expansion of campus firms.Furthermore, this study could form the base of elementary information about the spin off and spin out businesses and the starting point for further research on the phenomenon of campus firms.

Technology-Based Design and Sustainable Economic Growth

This paper seeks to analyze how design creates economic value. The literature on knowledge-based economic development has primarily focused on innovation as the analytical lens, whereas design is the original action that leads to innovation. Despite the fundamental importance of design, existing design research has offered few insights and little guidance for national strategies due to the lack of focus on and analysis of design in an economic context. This paper addresses such gaps by linking design research and economic development theory. We first elaborate on the relationship among design, invention and innovation, describing the necessity of design activity for invention and innovation. Our analysis of the fundamental characteristics of design across contexts sheds light on the strategic importance of the accumulative nature of technology-based design for sustaining economic growth. Through the lens of technology-based design, we further quantitatively compare Singapore and three similarly-sized countries (South Korea, Finland and Taiwan). Based upon interview data, we also qualitatively examine Singapore’s national strategy focusing on design. The quantitative and qualitative results align well with the Singaporean government’s use of design as a strategic lever to pursue innovation-driven economic growth, and also reveal its achievements and shortfalls which indicate possible directions for strategic adjustment.

The sustainability of functionality development of science and technology: Papers and patents of emerging economies

Recent development saw concerted efforts by emerging countries to transform their industrial-based economy to post-industrial knowledge-based economy. The growth of science and technology is necessary to support this economic transformation strategy. Based on the concept of functionality development of a growth model, this study attempts to analyze the dynamism and sustainability of growth in science and technology of selected Asian emerging economies. Using the number of published papers and patents as proxies, bi-logistic growth functions were fitted to examine the prolongation ability of science and technology, and the time at which each functionality development emerges. The perspective of a paradigm shift from industrial to knowledge-based economic development is taken into consideration in the analysis. The estimated prolongation ability of the newly industrialized economies (NIEs) including South Korea, Taiwan and Singapore suggests significant transformation of their innovation system that led to a higher degree of functionality, while developing economies such as China, Malaysia and Thailand show no significant change over the years. The results suggest that the NIEs have succeeded in developing new growth trajectories that are beneficial for the transformation towards a knowledge-based economy.

A Conceptual Model of National Skills Formation for Knowledge-Based Economic Development

The movement of many Arab countries toward knowledge-based economic development requires the transition to more effective skills formation systems. This paper proposes an institutionalist approach to national skills development systems in the advancement toward knowledge-based economic development. There is currently no accepted general framework to analyze national skills development systems, and this has resulted in countries adopting reactive approaches to skills development problems. The conceptual framework advanced is an integrated, systemic view of national skills formation systems guided by government intervention in light of rampant failures of skills formation approaches that rely exclusively upon market mechanisms. The framework contributes to the skills formation literature by reviewing, synthesizing, and building on the literature from a multidisciplinary perspective. It considers the relevant institutions and interests of key stakeholders as highly interrelated in the context of knowledge-based economic development and achievement of accompanying economic, political, and social objectives in the Arab World.

Knowledge-Based Economic Development as a Unifying Vision in a Post-Awakening Arab World

This article traces the evolution of knowledge-based economic development in the Arab World. In pursuing this objective, many countries in the region have made large state-driven human capital investments with the goals of job creation, economic integration, economic diversification, environmental sustainability, and social development. An assessment of the effectiveness of Arab investments in human capital shows marginal progress towards knowledge-based development over the last decade. A disconnect between the skills developed in Arab skills formation systems and those required by private sector employers relegates Arab businesses to contesting lower-skilled, non-knowledge intensive industries which has stalled knowledge-based development in the region.