International Development Cooperation Research Articles

Development cooperation and the stratification of lesbian, gay, bi- and transsexual activism: international donors, elite activists and community members during Uganda Pride 2022

Uganda’s infamous state-sanctioned homo-hostility has resulted in intense international attention, development cooperation and Western funding to local lesbian, gay, bi- and transsexual (LGBT+) organisations. However, Western funders and allies in this context are becoming increasingly questioned. Researchers have highlighted the complexities, opportunities and constraints of an increasingly transnational LGBT+ movement, but how is this manifested on the ground in the Global South? Through an inductive and ethnographically inspired study, we set out to explore the Ugandan LGBT+ community and its intra-community relationships and relations with Western funders and allies in the unique setting of Uganda Pride 2022, to which we had rare first-hand access. The results reveal that security concerns, both from outside and within the community, shaped Uganda Pride 2022. The most salient finding is that competition for international funding distorts activists’ relations, as it stratifies the LGBT+ community based on who has access to Western donors and international funders.

Beyond Bombs: The Growing Threat of Cyberterrorism

Cyberterrorism, which once was a virtual version of physical attacks, has now moved to a digital platform that targets the critical infrastructure. These activities pursue to introduce fear, make a disruption in essential services, and influence politics. On the other hand, a comprehensive strategy should be applied to deal with this dynamic danger. The importance of understanding cyber terrorism lies in the fact that it creates breach of trust, collapse of the system, and sufferings among the population mentally. The economic impacts comprise businesses losses, decline in productivity, and discouragement of foreign investments. Efficient tools such as network security monitoring, vulnerability scanning and threat intelligence can locate anomalous activity as well as loopholes in systems. Strong authentication, employee training, data encryption, and regular backups all lead to a digital environment that is less vulnerable to attack. International cooperation, public education, and constant development are the key aspects for having a preparedness against cyberterrorism. We can accomplish this through collaboration and thereby ensure the safety and security of the digital world. Keywords—Cyberterrorism, digital threats, international cooperation, public awareness, critical infrastructure.

Strategic Analysis of International Oil and Gas Companies’ Response to Global Carbon Emission Reduction Initiatives

This study investigates the role of oil and gas companies, particularly INDOPERTA, in mitigating global carbon emissions among rising energy demands and a shift toward coal and oil. This study highlights the urgency for strategic energy realignment and cleaner, sustainable sources, drawing from International Energy Agency (IEA) reports and various studies. The objective is to understand how companies such as INDOPERTA can integrate operations with effective carbon emission reduction strategies. A mixed-methods approach is employed, combining qualitative analysis of stakeholder perspectives with the AHP to prioritize initiatives based on identified criteria. Findings reveal compliance and regulation and leadership as critical areas needing focused resource allocation. The AHP analysis underscores the strategic importance of renewable energy investment and the pivotal role of leadership and innovation. It suggests a multifaceted approach involving regulatory adherence, international cooperation, and leadership development for effective carbon reduction. The study concludes that international oil and gas companies are at a crucial juncture. They must align their operations with global environmental goals and innovate to remain relevant in the climate agenda. It provides a roadmap for strategy realignment toward sustainability. However, this study has limitations, including its geographical focus, the dynamic nature of the industry, subjectivity in qualitative research and AHP, and reliance on secondary data. These findings highlight the need for ongoing research that adapts to industry changes and global carbon reduction efforts, ensuring that strategies remain relevant and effective.

Countering Hybrid Threats: Challenges and the Role of Defense Science

This study examines hybrid threats' evolution, national security implications, and defense science's role in countering and strengthening defense capabilities using secondary data analysis. The research aims to identify key trends and strategies for countering hybrid threats effectively, with a focus on the role of defense science in enhancing national defense capabilities. Qualitative research methods are employed to analyze existing literature and case studies on hybrid threats and defense science contributions. Findings suggest that hybrid threats have evolved significantly in the contemporary security landscape, necessitating adaptive and innovative defense strategies. Defense science plays a critical role in developing advanced technologies and methodologies to counter hybrid threats, including cybersecurity measures, information warfare tactics, and strategic communication strategies. Recommendations are provided for policymakers and defense practitioners to strengthen defense capabilities and mitigate the challenges of hybrid warfare, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration, international cooperation, and human capital development. In conclusion, the study underscores the importance of integrating insights from defense science into defense planning and preparedness efforts to effectively counter hybrid threats and safeguard national security.

La Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo en América Latina: Una perspectiva histórica

Less than ten years after the 2030 Agenda ends, and more than seventy years after the emergence of the first development cooperation strategies, questions and challenges regarding its scope are emerging. This article proposes to recover the historical process of International Development Cooperation (IDC) from 1945 to the present, from the perspective of Latin America and the Caribbean. For which it aims to recover the Latin American contribution in the construction of this process to rethink a cooperation capable of facing present challenges, such as those posed by the COVID-19 pandemic and anticipate future situations, as an approach to advance the process of transformation and search for alternatives to generate more equitable structural relations from and for the region without depending on traditional North-South aid.

SYSTEM OF STATE REGULATION OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF MANAGING STAFF OF HIGHER MEDICAL EDUCATION IN UKRAINE

The article addresses the topical issue of public administration of professional training for higher medical education management personnel in Ukraine. It explores the current state and development prospects of the training system for managers of higher medical education institutions, and identifies priority areas for its improvement. The relevance of the research is determined by the need to provide the Ukrainian healthcare system with highly qualified managers capable of effectively managing higher medical education institutions in the context of dynamic changes and integration into the European and world educational and scientific space. The article defines the main approaches and mechanisms for implementing state policy in the field of healthcare and higher medical education. It identifies the directions for improving the organizational, legal, and economic mechanisms of state regulation of professional training for management personnel of higher medical institutions in Ukraine in terms of clarifying the content of the key research concepts "management personnel of higher medical education institutions" and "state administration of professional training for management personnel of higher medical education institutions". It is determined that the reforming and development of the healthcare and higher medical education sector of Ukraine in the context of integration into the European and world educational and scientific space requires the preparation of a new generation of managers - healthcare managers. It is determined that this category of managers includes vice-rectors and heads of relevant scientific, educational-methodological and educational commissions, deans and vice-deans of faculties, heads of departments and other structural units. The formation of a comprehensive mechanism of state administration of professional training for management personnel of higher medical education institutions should be carried out on the basis of such principles as scientific justification, legality, common interests and values, consistency, comprehensiveness, systematicity, subsidiarity, transparency, innovation, adequacy, efficiency, and responsibility. The article analyzes the features of the system of state administration of professional training for management personnel of higher medical education institutions in Ukraine and abroad. Based on a comparative analysis of management training systems in 6 developed countries of the world, it is proved that the system of professional training and advanced training of management personnel of higher medical education institutions should function in accordance with the current trends in the healthcare sector and the field of higher medical education, comply with the implementation of state policy principles, and be systematic. Statistical analysis of the dynamic changes in the indicators of provision with higher medical education institutions and medical institutions over the years of Ukraine's independence demonstrates the need for joint coordination and cooperation to coordinate the efficiency of the healthcare system. Thus, the article reveals the essence and features of state administration of professional training for management personnel of higher medical institutions, analyzes the regulatory framework governing this area, and identifies the main areas for improving the training system for managers of higher medical education institutions, namely: Updating the content and forms of training; Introduction of innovative teaching methods; Improvement of teachers' qualification; Strengthening the practical focus of training; Development of international cooperation.

통합적 접근법 실현을 위한 ODA 정책과제

Purpose: This research aims to identify policy tasks for international development cooperation (ODA) projects in order to implement an integrated approach and evaluate them. In this context, the paper redefines the definitions and classifications of integrated approaches, explores methodological changes, and evaluates the potential for mainstreaming.
 Originality: An integrated approach has been emerging at a time when ODA projects have been packaged or enlarged, emphasizing a holistic and comprehensive perspective. This study aims to derive practical concepts shaped by discourse and consensus among experts in the field.
 Methodology: The policy agenda for integrating ODA projects is identified through a Delphi survey involving 30 distinguished experts in the field of international development cooperation. The survey assesses the importance, urgency, and feasibility of each agenda item.
 Result: External factors are more urgent compared to internal factors, but they are not considered more important or highly feasible. The high-priority policy tasks include facilitating adequate discussions on supply and demand between donor and recipient countries (partner countries), enhancing cooperation with relevant departments/agencies in recipient countries, and improving the project management capacity of Korean specialized institutions.
 Conclusion and Implication: These results are expected to contribute to the development of related policies and program design based on the integrated approach. Furthermore, this research can contribute to the formulation of relevant national policies and enhance the national brand.

LEGAL FRAMEWORKS AND TAX COMPLIANCE IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY: A FINANCE PERSPECTIVE

In the wake of rapid digitalization, the landscape of commerce has undergone a profound transformation, presenting unprecedented challenges to traditional tax systems and legal frameworks. This abstract examines the evolving dynamics of tax compliance within the digital economy through the lens of finance. The digital economy encompasses a broad spectrum of economic activities facilitated by digital technologies, including e-commerce, digital platforms, and virtual currencies. These innovations have blurred the boundaries of traditional tax jurisdictions, leading to complexities in determining tax liabilities and enforcement mechanisms. As such, the adequacy of existing legal frameworks in addressing tax challenges posed by the digital economy has come under scrutiny. From a finance perspective, ensuring tax compliance in the digital economy involves understanding the intricate interplay between technology, business models, and regulatory frameworks. Digital businesses often operate across multiple jurisdictions, exploiting loopholes and jurisdictional discrepancies to minimize tax obligations. Such practices have raised concerns regarding tax fairness and the erosion of tax bases, prompting policymakers to explore new regulatory approaches. One key aspect of addressing tax compliance in the digital economy is the development of international cooperation and coordination mechanisms. Given the transnational nature of digital transactions, effective tax enforcement requires collaboration among countries to combat tax evasion and profit shifting. Initiatives such as the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) project by the OECD seek to establish common standards and guidelines for taxing digital businesses. Moreover, the emergence of innovative technologies, such as blockchain and artificial intelligence, presents both opportunities and challenges for tax authorities. While these technologies offer potential solutions for enhancing tax administration and enforcement, they also introduce new complexities, such as the anonymity of transactions and the difficulty of tracking digital assets. Navigating the complexities of tax compliance in the digital economy requires a multifaceted approach that integrates legal, technological, and financial perspectives. By fostering international cooperation, leveraging technological innovations, and adapting regulatory frameworks, policymakers can mitigate tax challenges and promote a fair and sustainable tax system in the digital age.
 Keywords: Tax, Digital Economy, Finance, Legal, Review.

LEGAL FRAMEWORKS AND TAX COMPLIANCE IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY: A FINANCE PERSPECTIVE

In the wake of rapid digitalization, the landscape of commerce has undergone a profound transformation, presenting unprecedented challenges to traditional tax systems and legal frameworks. This abstract examines the evolving dynamics of tax compliance within the digital economy through the lens of finance. The digital economy encompasses a broad spectrum of economic activities facilitated by digital technologies, including e-commerce, digital platforms, and virtual currencies. These innovations have blurred the boundaries of traditional tax jurisdictions, leading to complexities in determining tax liabilities and enforcement mechanisms. As such, the adequacy of existing legal frameworks in addressing tax challenges posed by the digital economy has come under scrutiny. From a finance perspective, ensuring tax compliance in the digital economy involves understanding the intricate interplay between technology, business models, and regulatory frameworks. Digital businesses often operate across multiple jurisdictions, exploiting loopholes and jurisdictional discrepancies to minimize tax obligations. Such practices have raised concerns regarding tax fairness and the erosion of tax bases, prompting policymakers to explore new regulatory approaches. One key aspect of addressing tax compliance in the digital economy is the development of international cooperation and coordination mechanisms. Given the transnational nature of digital transactions, effective tax enforcement requires collaboration among countries to combat tax evasion and profit shifting. Initiatives such as the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) project by the OECD seek to establish common standards and guidelines for taxing digital businesses. Moreover, the emergence of innovative technologies, such as blockchain and artificial intelligence, presents both opportunities and challenges for tax authorities. While these technologies offer potential solutions for enhancing tax administration and enforcement, they also introduce new complexities, such as the anonymity of transactions and the difficulty of tracking digital assets. Navigating the complexities of tax compliance in the digital economy requires a multifaceted approach that integrates legal, technological, and financial perspectives. By fostering international cooperation, leveraging technological innovations, and adapting regulatory frameworks, policymakers can mitigate tax challenges and promote a fair and sustainable tax system in the digital age.
 Keywords: Tax, Digital Economy, Finance, Legal, Review.

Research and Development of Inland Green and Smart Ship Technologies in China

Nowadays, the development of green and smart ships has become a trend in the global shipping industry. Some countries such as Japan and Korea, as well as several European countries, have already made some progress and advantages. In recent years, China has issued a series of policies to encourage and support the development of green and smart ships. Beyond that, the demonstration of green and smart ships has been promoted along with the trend of larger-sized and standardized inland vessels. The Chinese status and plans of green technologies are summarized including air layer drag reduction, efficient propulsion, DC networking, and clean energy. Some smart technologies have also been illustrated, for instance, intelligent driving, intelligent engine rooms, energy efficiency, hulls, cargo control, and information integration. Smart ship technologies need to be fully validated in order to improve industrialization applications. In the shipping industry, the development and application of smart ship technology need international and inter-regional cooperation, so as to achieve much higher energy savings, ensure environmental protection, achieve collaborative intelligence, and ensure safety and reliability. In turn, this will aid economic advances worldwide.

Effect of single-dose, live, attenuated dengue vaccine in children with or without previous dengue on risk of subsequent, virologically confirmed dengue in Cebu, the Philippines: a longitudinal, prospective, population-based cohort study.

A three-dose dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV) was licensed for use in children aged 9 years and older starting in 2015 in several dengue-endemic countries. In 2016, the Philippine Department of Health implemented a dengue vaccination programme, which was discontinued because of safety concerns. We assessed the relative risk of developing virologically confirmed dengue among children who did or did not receive a single dose of CYD-TDV by previous dengue virus (DENV) infections at baseline classified as none, one, and two or more infections. In this longitudinal, prospective, population-based cohort study, we enrolled healthy children (aged 9-14 years) residing in Bogo or Balamban, Cebu, Philippines, between May 2, and June 2, 2017, before a mass dengue vaccination campaign, via the Rural Health Unit in Bogo and three Rural Health Units in Balamban. We collected demographic information and sera for baseline DENV serostatus and conducted active surveillance for acute febrile illness. Children who developed acute febrile illness were identified, clinical data were collected, and blood was drawn for confirmation of dengue by RT-PCR. The primary outcome was the relative risk of developing virologically confirmed dengue among children who received or did not receive a single dose of CYD-TDV by DENV serostatus at baseline. A single dose of CYD-TDV did not confer protection against virologically confirmed dengue in children who had none or one previous DENV infection at baseline. One dose conferred significant protection against hospital admission for virologically confirmed dengue among participants who had two or more previous DENV infections at baseline during the first 3 years (70%, 95% CI 20-88; p=0·017) and the entire follow-up period (67%, 19-87; p=0·016). The risk of developing virologically confirmed dengue after a single dose of CYD-TDV varied by baseline DENV serostatus. Since the study assessed the effect of only a single dose, the findings cannot inform decisions on vaccination by public health officers. However, the findings have implications for children who receive an incomplete vaccination regimen and these results should prompt more detailed analyses in future trials on dengue vaccines. The Philippine Department of Health, Hanako Foundation, WHO, Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, International Vaccine Institute, University of North Carolina, and US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.

Needs assessment of police pre-deployment training for dispatch experts in international development cooperation of policing

PurposeThis study identifies the policing pre-deployment training content for Korean experts based on needs assessments. Korean policing is at an excellent level to transfer knowledge and skills. Pre-deployment training should be designed systematically and training of trainers approaches should be implemented.Design/methodology/approachThis study used T-tests, Borich needs assessments, and Locus for Focus model analyses to determine the priorities of needs for pre-deployment training in policing. A survey of 116 experienced experts was conducted, with 87 responding (75%).FindingsThe study identified 26 factors that deployed law enforcement professionals want to learn from pre-deployment training. These factors were categorized into three areas: research, training design and methods and understanding of partner countries and international development cooperation. The nine highest priorities for training needs were related to understanding the status and conditions of police training in the country to which policing experts are deployed.Research limitations/implicationsThis study was limited to Korean policing experts. And the study did not evaluate the validity of the training curriculum or indicators.Practical implicationsTechnical assistance in international policing development cooperation aims to train future trainers who can train local police. This study found that limited learner information and poor communication skills can lead to ineffective technical assistance.Originality/valueThis study highlights the importance of knowledge transfer and effective pre-deployment training for policing. The findings can be used to improve training programs and police human resource development.

Analysis of Multinational Builders’ Corruption Based on Evolutionary Game from the Perspective of International Reputation

Transnational cooperation in international corporations has become an important force in promoting the economic development of countries, and corruption in cross-cultural business has an important impact on the sustainable development of international cooperation. Based on the construction field, this study applies evolutionary game theory to the microlevel to investigate the corrupt behavior of international corporations from reputation perspectives, taking into account their reputation and cooperation behaviors. The findings indicate that the sensitivity of each party involved in the corruption behavior differs concerning international reputation, and a heightened reputation of the supervisory company can effectively curb the corrupt behavior of subcontracting. Additionally, the behavior of the general contracting company shows a sense of inertia, while the three main parties—general contracting company, supervisory company, and subcontracting company—exhibit multistage decision-making characteristics as their international reputation gradually improves. Through the lens of multinational enterprise cooperation and the development of the construction industry, this study aims to address the constraints faced by the construction industry in various countries and identify potential solutions. Furthermore, it provides insights into key issues related to international engineering corruption governance.

Development and validation of quantitative PCR assays for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa: a diagnostic accuracy study

HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis is the second leading cause of AIDS-related deaths, with a 10-week mortality rate of 25-30%. Fungal load assessed by colony-forming unit (CFU) counts is used as a prognostic marker andto monitor response to treatment in research studies. PCR-based assessment of fungal load could be quicker andless labour-intensive. We sought to design, optimise, and validate quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays for the detection, identification, and quantification of Cryptococcus infections in patients with cryptococcal meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa. We developed and validated species-specific qPCR assays based on DNA amplification of QSP1 (QSP1A specific to Cryptococcus neoformans, QSP1B/C specific to Cryptococcus deneoformans, and QSP1D specific to Cryptococcus gattii species) and a pan-Cryptococcus assay based on a multicopy 28S rRNA gene. This was a longitudinal study that validated the designed assays on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 209 patients with cryptococcal meningitis at baseline (day 0) and during anti-fungal therapy (day 7 and day 14), from the AMBITION-cm trial in Botswana and Malawi (2018-21). Eligible patients were aged 18 years or older and presenting with a first case of cryptococcal meningitis. When compared with quantitative cryptococcal culture as the reference, the sensitivity of the 28S rRNA was 98·2% (95% CI 95·1-99·5) and of the QSP1 assay was 90·4% (85·2-94·0) in CSF at day 0. Quantification of the fungal load with QSP1 and 28S rRNA qPCR correlated with quantitative cryptococcal culture (R2=0·73 and R2=0·78, respectively). Both Botswana and Malawi had a predominant C neoformans prevalence of 67% (95% CI 55-75) and 68% (57-73), respectively, and lower C gattii rates of 21% (14-31) and 8% (4-14), respectively. We identified ten patients that, after 14 days of treatment, harboured viable but non-culturable yeasts based on QSP1 RNA detection (without any positive CFU in CSF culture). QSP1 and 28S rRNA assays are useful in identifying Cryptococcus species. qPCR results correlate well with baseline quantitative cryptococcal culture and show a similar decline in fungal load during induction therapy. These assays could be a faster alternative to quantitative cryptococcal culture to determine fungal load clearance. The clinical implications of the possible detection of viable but non-culturable cells in CSF during induction therapy remain unclear. European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership; Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency; Wellcome Trust/UK Medical Research Council/UKAID Joint Global Health Trials; and UKNational Institute for Health Research.

РОЗВИТОК АКАДЕМІЧНОЇ МОБІЛЬНОСТІ СТУДЕНТІВ У НІМЕЧЧИНІ

In today's globalised world, ties between countries are developing at all levels and in all areas, and education is no exception. Academic mobility is not only a matter of interest to academics, but also to political institutions and businesses. It brings states closer together, creates important and necessary links between their representatives, which will help to bring such cooperation to a new level in the future. The article analyses the development of academic mobility of students in Germany. In the course of the work, the author used a globalisation approach in order to correctly interpret Germany's foreign educational and cultural policy at all stages of its historical development. The paper uses historical analysis to chronologically describe the formation of the pan-European and German education and science policies. Comparative analysis is used to identify the peculiarities of academic mobility in Germany and in the European Union as a whole, as well as to trace the evolution of academic cooperation between states. The study identifies three stages of formation and development of academic mobility in Germany: the period of academic mobility's origin (XIV century - mid-twentieth century); the period of development of inbound mobility (mid-twentieth century - 80s of the twentieth century); the period of development of bilateral mobility (80s of the twentieth century - first quarter of the twenty-first century). It is stated that the signing of the Bologna Declaration had a tremendous impact on the development of international cooperation and the development of mobility between higher education institutions in Germany and the countries participating in the Declaration. It has been established that academic mobility is an effective mechanism for creating the image of the state and also has a mass effect.

International exchanges and cooperation in art education in Ukraine: challenges and opportunities

The purpose of the article is to study international exchanges and cooperation in art education in Ukraine, to identify challenges and opportunities in the development of these areas in the future. to achieve this goal, the article uses general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis. The methods of abstraction, comparison, content analysis, and the prognostic method were also used, which made it possible to formulate some comments for the future development of international cooperation in art education in Ukraine. The results of the study highlight the importance of international cooperation, which is becoming an increasingly important aspect of modern art education. The analysis of the legislative framework has shown that Ukraine has created favourable conditions for academic exchange, and joining the Bologna system contributes to the internationalisation of higher education in the arts. These trends are also reflected in the development strategies of art universities in different regions of Ukraine, such as Kharkiv, Lviv and Kyiv, where establishing international exchanges is considered an important priority for educational institutions. In addition, the Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts actively uses digital channels to transmit information, especially in remote locations. Although distance learning has its limitations in art education, the conditions of modern reality, such as Russian aggression, create an opportunity to organise international cooperation with foreign partners without physical risk. It is important to note that there are common challenges to the successful implementation of international exchanges and cooperation in art education, such as cultural and language barriers, financial support, visa and administrative restrictions, as well as academic requirements and potential global threats. However, a possible way to overcome these difficulties is to use the international experience of involving NGOs or special state structures that would coordinate the provision of grants for academic mobility of arts students. The conclusions emphasise that it is also worth considering the possibility of special digital platforms that provide opportunities for internships and distance learning, which can be an effective solution for organising international cooperation in the current situation.

Shifting the focus of world industrial development from European countries and North America to Asia

Industry is the basis of economic development, therefore, studying the real sector allow us to assess the physical scale of the economy of individual countries and the world as a whole. The industrial production structural distribution by countries and macro-regions reflects the real balance of power in the global arena. Retrospective analysis allows us to see this process in dynamics, which contributes to the correct construction of models of further international cooperation, foreign trade and infrastructural development in this direction. The purpose of the study is to assess the dynamics of the industrial production shift from West to East in recent decades. The tabular, graphical and descriptive methods were used, and it allowed us to visualize the indicators retrospective analysis results. In the course of the work it has been proved that by now there is parity in the level of industrial production between the countries of the collective West and East. It makes it possible to change the term “developed countries” meaning and extend it not only to European and North American countries, but also to a number of Asian and Latin American countries due to the ever-growing importance of these countries’ industry on a global scale.

국제개발협력 분야 경과적 일자리 근로자에 대한 사회적 지지가 직무소진에 미치는 영향 분석

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence on job burnout of KOICA Program Coordinators, one
 of transitional jobs generated by South Korea's Official Development Assistance(ODA) program. Transitional
 jobs, one of the direct job creation projects, are expected to have stepping-stone effects, facilitating the
 transition to better jobs with more work experience and capacity. However, there have been less interest and
 analysis on work condition and positive organizational behavior of transitional workers, especially in the field of
 international development cooperation, in spite of their contribution toward aid effectiveness and their potential
 as key human resources in the future. In this respect, this study analyzed the influence of perceived support
 from Coordinators' supervisor and organization on their job burnout, and how subfactors of
 self-determination--autonomy, competence, and relatedness-- moderate these effects. Specifically, the analysis
 used 86 valid responses from a survey conducted on Coordinators who worked for more than one year
 between 2011 and 2020, and a OLS Regression was performed. The findings indicate that percieved support
 from superiors has a direct and significant effect on alleviating job burnout, and all self-determination
 subfactors also have positive moderating effects that amplified this alleviation. These insights deepen the
 understanding of the work environment and burnout among workers in transitional positions, underscoring the
 significance of perceived supervisor support and self-determination factors in managing their job burnout. This
 study extends the research domain of organizational behavior toward transitional jobs in international
 development cooperation and offers implications for the necessary to establish organizational management
 strategy promoting their positive work experiences.

Game Theory Applications to Socio-Environmental Studies, Development Economics, and Sustainability Research

The present investigation elaborates on the level of game theory application for the applied and theoretical analyses of climate change and development studies. This editorial shows that the common good character of global climate alongside the increasing internalization of environmental externalities through national regulations and international environmental treaties jointly result in the increasing congruence between the context of climate change problems and the game theoretical method. Furthermore, the adoption of the Paris Accord by the overwhelming majority of developing countries as well as the disproportionate vulnerability of the Global South have led to an increasing shift in focus with regard to international development cooperation, from poverty alleviation and economic growth to green growth and circular economy solutions, within developing countries. The underutilization of game theory in the context of development studies is not satisfactory. This paper underlines the importance of implementing an impetus to researchers for scholarly discussions and applications of game theory in a discourse on the following topics: 1. economic growth; 2. climate change mitigation and adaptation; and 3. a broader socioeconomic development.

Circular Material Usage Strategies and Principles in Buildings: A Review

Building construction accounts for a significant proportion of global greenhouse gas emissions, raw material extraction, and waste production. Applying circular economy (CE) principles in the building construction industry would considerably reduce these values. However, uptake by the industry is relatively slow, which is largely attributed to sectoral barriers, including limitations in knowledge and experience. This review paper aims to assess and contribute to diminishing these obstacles by offering a comprehensive review of circular material usage principles and strategies within the construction sector. Opportunities and facilitators of change are also presented, including innovations and emerging technologies in recycling, digitization, robotic systems, novel materials, and processing. Finally, four case studies demonstrate the application of circular theory via a novel block system, recycled aggregate, modular kitchen reuse, and an energy efficiency retrofit. The conclusions show that future efforts should prioritize the development of strong regulatory frameworks, awareness initiatives, and international cooperation. In this regard, the integration of technological advancements, such as AI, robotics, and blockchain, is essential for optimizing waste management efficiency. Furthermore, education on circular practices plays a critical role. Through global collaboration, standardizing circular construction approaches can promote a more sustainable and resilient building construction industry.