Development Of Innovative Processes Research Articles

Оценка объективных условий научно-исследовательской деятельности в России

In the Russian Federation, scientific research and development are the basis of innovative and investment development of the country. In this regard, the article analyzes the dynamics of indicators of research activity in Russia from 2010 to 2021. Analytical data on the number of organizations implementing research processes and engaged in experimental design developments, qualitative and quantitative characteristics of personnel involved in scientific activities, as well as features of financing research work, allowing to identify problem areas of dynamic development of innovative processes in the country. Within the framework of the study, a quantitative empirical study was organized and performed based on the use of economic and statistical tools: comparison, dynamic series method, index method, graphical modeling, etc. The choice of specific techniques and methods is due to the real interrelation of the phenomena and processes under consideration. The study is based on the analysis of statistical data presented in Russian statistical yearbooks. As a part of the study of national innovation processes in 2010–2021, an increase in the number of organizations performing research and development in various areas of the economy was noted. The results of the analysis revealed a positive trend of state support for young scientists and researchers in the country. However, insufficient effectiveness of the state policy in the field of scientific potential formation at the level of universities, academies and institutes was noted. An assessment of the structure of R&D financing in the Russian Federation indicates that the main source of investment is the state budget and annually accounts for more than 60% of the total cost. At the same time, the statistical data clearly reflected the deterioration of the investment climate under the sanctions of 2020–2021. The results of the study revealed a significant fluctuation in the indicators of research and development activities in the Russian Federation in 2010–2021. At the same time, it was noted that there are prerequisites for ensuring positive dynamics of national innovation processes.

METHODS OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT IN HOTEL AND RESTAURANT BUSINESS ENTERPRISES

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to systematize the main approaches to determining personnel management methods at hotel and restaurant business enterprises. Methodology of research. A systematic approach was used in the work, which made it possible to establish the basis of approaches and methods used in the context of the specified problem. The factor method was also used, on the basis of which certain factors of the development of innovative processes with the participation of personnel were determined within the framework of the mediation approach. Findings. The main approaches to determining personnel management methods at hotel and restaurant business enterprises are defined and presented. It has been proven that the following approaches are distinguished in modern scientific thought: ecological approach (personnel management of enterprises in the hotel and restaurant sector, which is carried out with a focus on the components of green human resource management); the “expectation-reward” approach (a combination of high expectations from employers and high rewards for staff compliance); mediating approach (combining high expectations from employers and high rewards for staff compliance, investment in training and development, innovative technologies and practices with the mediating role of human capital). It is shown that within the framework of: an ecological approach, modified forms of methods of stimulation and delegation of authority, based on the reverse productivity of personnel, can be used; the “expectation-reward” approach uses the expectation-incentive method of managing labour resources (strict practices of hiring (selection) of qualified personnel, which include appropriate planning, as well as strict criteria for candidates, high initial salaries and the level of human capital performance); the intermediary approach can be implemented by the expectant-incentive method of managing labour resources. Originality. The theoretical and methodological aspects of personnel management at the enterprises of the hotel and restaurant business in the context of defining its main approaches and methods have gained further development. Practical value. The methods and approaches presented in the article are due to the possibility of a guideline for the use of the specified methods in personnel management of enterprises of the hotel and restaurant business. Key words: hotel and restaurant business enterprises, personnel, management, methods, ecological approach, expectation-reward approach, intermediary approach.

Innovative abilities of entrepreneurial structures of the agro-industrial complex in the parameters of economic security: Entropy approach

Digital platforms are acquiring the status of a new trend in the process of innovative infrastructure automation for business structures of the agro-industrial complex (hereinafter referred to as AIC). Innovative changes lead to an increase in the entropy of the system and a decrease in its stability. The purpose of the work is to develop methodological aspects of the innovative abilities of entrepreneurial structures in the agro-industrial complex in the context of economic security by removing information uncertainty. In the course of the study, the methods of systemic and comparative analysis, entropy analysis, network theory and innovations were used. Based on the study of the development trend “digital agriculture” and the information security of agro-industrial complex business structures as the main component of economic security, it has been established that there is a growing information uncertainty. The result of the study is a developed flowchart for the development of innovative processes and changes in entropy associated with the integration of resources into the system of innovative infrastructure of business structures of the agro-industrial complex.

INNOVATIVE MODEL OF APPLICATION OF OWN FINANCIAL RESOURCES IN THE PROCESS OF SELF-FINANCING AGRICULTURE

Purpose. The aim of the article is to define an innovative model of using one's own financial resources in the agricultural sector to increase the efficiency of self-financing and ensure the sustainable development of agricultural enterprises. Methodology of research. The use of methods of analysis and synthesis made it possible to determine modern methods and principles of financing innovative activities of enterprises. Conducting generalizations revealed the main advantages and disadvantages of using individual components of own financial resources in the process of self-financing of innovative development of agrarian enterprises. Tabular and graphic methods allowed to visually display the current state of sources of financing of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine. Findings. It was revealed that currently the main method of financing Ukrainian farmers is self-financing, and retained earnings play a key role among the sources of own financial resources. The gradual increase in the amount of profit capitalization has a positive effect on the expanded reproduction of agricultural production, but these funds are not enough to ensure large-scale and costly innovative projects. A model of financing the innovative development of agricultural enterprises through the use of a combined set of financing sources is proposed, in which self-financing should play a key role. It has been proven that when financing the innovative development of the agrarian sector, support from the state is critically necessary. Originality. The methods and principles of financing innovative activities are summarized, which made it possible to form a model of financing innovative development of agrarian enterprises. The advantages and disadvantages of using individual components of the own financial resources of agrarian enterprises in modern economic conditions are determined, which will allow to create competitive advantages for agrarians through the combination of methods of financing innovative transformations in the future. Practical value. The theoretical and methodological provisions of this study deepen the practical toolkit of effective management of one's own financial resources and contribute to the development of innovative processes in the agricultural sector. Key words: innovations, own capital, self-financing, profit capitalization, depreciation.

К ВОПРОСУ О РАЗРАБОТКЕ СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКИХ НАПРАВЛЕНИЙ ИННОВАЦИОННОГО РАЗВИТИЯ АПК В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ

The development of strategic directions for the innovative development of the agro-industrial complex in the conditions of the formation of a new technological order can become a significant impetus for agricultural production. The article examines the legislative framework of strategic planning in Russia, including in the agro-industrial complex. And also to achieve the goals and objectives of long-term development of Russia, the main strategic directions of innovative development of the agro-industrial complex are highlighted. The need for a prompt response to external threats and challenges dictates the inevitability of applying new approaches both to the development and implementation of innovative development mechanisms, with the minimization of bureaucracy. Thus, the set of strategic directions of innovative development of the agro-industrial complex should be an integral, unified system containing an exhaustive list of measures and mechanisms to achieve the targets. Effective formation of strategic directions of innovative development depends on theoretical approaches to the concept of strategic directions. As numerous studies under the leadership of agricultural scientists E. S. Ogloblin, I. S. Sandu, V. I. Nechaev have shown, if it is necessary to form a new vision for determining strategic directions of innovative development, it is necessary to provide for the implementation of separate stages, depending on the life cycle of the development of innovative processes at the level of branches and sub-sectors of the agro-industrial complex. In this connection, the authors present the steps that are advisable to implement at the initial stage of innovative development of the agricultural sector of the economy. Also listed are the economic initiatives designated by the President of Russia BB. Putin in his address to the Federal Assembly as part of the formation of a paradigm for the further development of the country's economy. In conclusion, it is noted that a comprehensive solution of these areas can provide both acceleration of the implementation of scientific and technological progress in various sectors of the agro-industrial complex, as well as significant organizational, technical and technological renewal of agro-industrial production and increase its competitiveness.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHER ASSISTANT

Artificial intelligence is one of the leading technologies today, which is rapidly spreading into all spheres of human activities including education. In 2023, GPT chat was ranked fourth in the Top 100 Tools for Learning rating, which demonstrates the powerful potential of artificial intelligence tools for the development of innovative processes in education. Accordingly, educators need to understand what artificial intelligence is, its features, and how it can be used to replace the routine activities of both teachers and students in teaching and learning. The authors conducted a survey of primary school teachers about their understanding of this notion, ways to use it as their assistant, advantages and disadvantages of artificial intelligence, and prospects for its development and application in all areas of human activity. The level of respondents' knowledge and skills in artificial intelligence, its features and functions was determined. The professional standard of a primary school teacher and the types of activities, through which the teacher's labor functions are realized and for which it is advisable to use artificial intelligence tools, are analyzed. The development of primary school teachers' competencies can be positively influenced by the use of artificial intelligence in their professional activities. The authors describe digital artificial intelligence tools that will be useful for primary school teachers and classify them according to the types of their pedagogical activities. The areas of activity in which artificial intelligence can act as a teacher's assistant, as well as areas that are currently beyond the capabilities of artificial intelligence, are identified. It is concluded that primary school teachers need to be trained to use artificial intelligence in their professional activities and to transfer knowledge about artificial intelligence to pupils, as well as ways to teach pupils the features of artificial intelligence, methods of its application for teaching pupils and for their own professional development.

Шатіло О. В. ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА МЕТОДІВ ТА МОДЕЛЕЙ РОЗРОБКИ СТРАТЕГІЙ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

The purpose of the article is to determine the most effective methods and models for developing strategies for the innovative development of the enterprise. Research methodology. Achieving the goal set in the article was achieved with the help of a set of theoretical, methodical and practical methods and models for the development and implementation of innovative enterprise development strategies. The results. It was determined that effective functioning of enterprises is impossible without correctly chosen for practical use, effective and, first of all, analytical methods. It is substantiated that from the point of view of the practice of use, it is advisable to combine analytical methods into three groups: heuristic, calculation and combined. It was found that despite the fact that strategic development models usually have certain differences, but according to observations, the vast majority of them necessarily include the following three components: analysis of the internal and external environment, development of the strategy itself, and organization of control. It has been analyzed that in the scientific literature on the strategic development of innovation processes, such well-known models as the rationalist model, which is based on the full awareness and conscious interest of the performers in the innovations planned for the future, are highlighted; behavioral, which involves taking into account the social and psychological needs of employees (practically, it coincides in its goals with organizational and managerial) and a system model, which is considered as a techno-social system, that is, as a conscious process based on a preliminary comprehensive analysis. Practical significance of research results. The practical use of the proposed methods and models for the development of innovative development strategies will increase the profitability of enterprises.

A review on optimistic development of polymeric nanocomposite membrane on environmental remediation

Current health and environmental concerns about the abundance and drawbacks of municipal wastewater as well as industrial effluent have prompted the development of novel and innovative treatment processes. A global shortage of clean water poses significant challenges to the survival of all life forms. For the removal of both biodegradable and non-biodegradable harmful wastes/pollutants from water, sophisticated wastewater treatment technologies are required. Polymer membrane technology is critical to overcoming this major challenge. Polymer matrix-based nanocomposite membranes are among the most popular in polymer membrane technology in terms of convenience. These membranes and their major components are environmentally friendly, energy efficient, cost effective, operationally versatile, and feasible. This review provides an overview of the drawbacks as well as promising developments in polymer membrane and nanocomposite membranes for environmental remediation, with a focus on wastewater treatment. Additionally, the advantages of nanocomposite membranes such as stability, antimicrobial properties, and adsorption processes have been discussed. The goal of this review was to summarize the remediation of harmful pollutants from water and wastewater/effluent using polymer matrix-based nanocomposite membrane technology, and to highlight its shortcomings and future prospects.

INVESTMENT RESOURCES OF ENTERPRISES AND SOURCES OF THEIR FORMATION

INVESTMENT RESOURCES OF ENTERPRISES AND SOURCES OF THEIR FORMATION

Development of a Continuous Hydrothermal Treatment Process for Efficient Dewatering of Industrial Wastewater Sludge

Sludges from the papermaking industry represent a challenging residue stream that is difficult to dewater using conventional processes. The successful development and scale-up of innovative processes from lab- to pilot- to industrial-scale are required to tackle challenges for waste treatment, including paper sludges. Biological paper sludge was treated via a mild hydrothermal carbonization process (TORWASH®) to improve dewaterability of the sludge, including long-duration, continuous testing. Initial lab-scale experiments indicated the optimal treatment temperature for sludge dewatering was 190 °C. Dewaterability improved with increasing temperature, but the obtained solid yield decreased. Scaling-up to a continuous flow pilot plant required a temperature of 200 °C to achieve optimum dewatering. Pilot-scale hydrothermal treatment and dewatering resulted in solid cakes with an average dry matter content of 38% and a solid yield of 39%. This study demonstrates the benefits of hydrothermal carbonization for the dewatering of biological paper sludge without the use of dewatering aids such as fiber sludge or polyelectrolytes. The results also demonstrate the successful adaptation of a lab-scale batch process to a pilot-scale continuous flow process for hydrothermal carbonization of industrial wastewater sludge.

Environmental dynamism and sustainability: the mediating role of innovation, strategic flexibility and HR development

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine whether environmental dynamism can drive firms to adopt sustainability, taking into consideration the mediating role of the innovation process, strategic flexibility and human resource development in this relationship.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed framework is tested by confirmatory factor analysis and finally structural equation modeling (SEM) using the survey data from 513 Greek firms.FindingsThe results show that environmental dynamism drives firms to sustainability, but the introduction of innovation process, strategic flexibility and human resource development fully mediate the effect of this relationship.Research limitations/implicationsThis study explores three organizational factors. In future research it would be very interesting to explore other topics that affect sustainability. Moreover, it might be useful for researchers to examine firms' digital capability and ambidextrous sustainability.Practical implicationsThis study offers clear implications for managers, proving that innovation process, strategic flexibility and human resource development are critical factors in achieving sustainability.Originality/valueThis empirical study determines the contribution of environmental dynamism to sustainability taking into consideration the role of three critical organizational factors as mediators in this relationship.

A Comprehensive Strategy for Popularization of the Documented Farmer Innovations and Re-Inventions

Farmer innovations and re-inventions is a subject that is increasingly making people sit up and think. At the very least it underpins a refreshing new approach to indigenous environmental knowledge that goes further than just passive admiration. At the most it is a potentially important new direction for research and extension wherever else the conventional approaches have failed to deliver. To highlight the value of this rich resource and to develop mechanisms for local innovations and re-inventions to find their way into the formal research and development system, documentation of farmer innovations and re-inventions is necessary to give the real picture of its wealth. Scientific enquiry into the documented practices would make it to a status of formal knowledge base and studying extent of adoption of these practices by the farmers will give the real picture of farmers innovations and re-inventions. Finding out the various constraints and analysis of the innovation development process will fetch a base to develop a comprehensive strategy which can be utilized by scientists, extentionists and user system. In this study 216 farmer innovations and re-inventions were identified in different farming situations of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states through informal interview with innovative farmers who were identified for the purpose of giving information on farmer innovations and re-inventions in the selected 3 districts and also from non sample area through secondary sources. Based on the various constraints faced and suggestion given by the innovative farmers a comprehensive strategy was developed which includes identification of farmer innovators, recognition of farmer innovators, documentation of farmer innovations and re-inventions, testing of farmer innovations and re-inventions for scientific rationality and validity, commercialisation of the innovations and re-inventions, networking of farmer innovators, providing farmer innovation support fund, monitoring and evaluation of the farmer innovator network groups, farmer innovator to farmer innovator cross visits and popularisation of farmer innovations and re-inventions. Strategy suggested in the study will help different agencies in promotion of farmer innovations and re-inventions and gives a brief comprehension and hence, it can be effectively utilised in promotion of these technologies through different agencies.

Value Innovation Creation in a Creative Industries Platform

Studying modern organisational management models shows an increasing researchers’ interest in innovation and business transaction development in various industries based on platforms (Lew et al., 2019). Rapid establishment of platforms (hereinafter – platformisation) is defined as a process where economic, governmental and digital infrastructures are expanded into virtual ecosystems (Nieborg and Poell, 2018). However, it is important to emphasise that from the cognitive point of view, platforms can be established on the basis of an organisational structure as well; this is based on collective activities, dynamics and interconnection. The concept of the platform is interpreted as a new organisational paradigm due to changed expectations of those interested in order to increase the efficiency of an organisation (Kim, 2016). The aspect of new value generation is often compared with innovation and application of a platform strategy in organisations. In the academic discourse, value innovation has been studied for over two decades; however, researchers have found out that when competitiveness of organisations increases in various sectors, there has been a need to ensure as much as possible a position in the current market, employing less methods that require economic input that would allow to develop the quality of services or products when offering innovation. Innovation development processes used in creative industries are seen as a critical source of a long term competitive advantage (Holmquist et al., 2019). Evaluating the ability of CIs organisations to use existing resources in the market effectively, new ways and methods that give basis to general value generation through creative activities are created. Regarding both the practical and the academic need to study value innovation creation in a creative industries (CIs) platform, evaluating the context of the changing environment, the following research problem has been formulated: how is value innovation created in a creative industries platform?The work presents the analysis of academic discourse: abstract and systematic theoretical material of value innovation creation in a creative industries platform.The aim of the article is to analyse the creation of value innovation in a creative industries platform.

Scientific substantiation and development of innovative processes for the extraction of zirconium and rare earth elements in the deep and comprehensive treatment of eudialyte concentrate

Based on a package of modern analysis methods, the influence of various acids and energy effects on the morphology, elemental composition, structural and chemical transformations of the mineral surface, and the efficiency of eudialyte concentrate leaching was studied. The mechanism and the optimal conditions and specific features of the destruction of eudialyte and rock minerals and the extraction of zirconium and REE under the influence of various acids, powerful nanosecond pulses, dielectric barrier discharge, electrochemical processing, mechanochemical activation and ultrasound were revealed. The mechanism of formation and the optimal conditions for the dispersion of silica gel, depending on the methods and parameters of energy effects, was theoretically and experimentally substantiated. A combined three-stage circuit of nitric acid leaching of eudialyte concentrate with ultrasonic treatment of the suspension, providing 97.1 % extraction of zirconium and 94.5 % REE, were scientifically substantiated and tested. The conditions for the selective deposition of zirconium and REE were theoretically and experimentally substantiated.

Editorial for Special Issue “the Development and Optimization of Innovative Systems, Processes and Materials for the Production, Conversion, and Storage of Energy”

This Editorial is dedicated to a Special Issue focused on the development and optimization of innovative systems, processes and materials for the production, conversion and storage of energy [...]

Інноваційні інструменти місцевого економічного розвитку

Розглянуто основні інноваційні інструменти місцевого економічного розвитку. Здійснено аналіз цих інструментів та обґрунтовано необхідність їх застосування в Україні на сучасному етапі. Виокремлено завдання, які необхідно виконати для підвищення ефективності та результативності використання інноваційних інструментів місцевого економічного розвитку.

"TURN TO THE EAST" AND TRENDS OF MODERN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT: SIBERIAN VECTOR

The change in foreign policy targets raises the question of a “turn to the East,” which requires a reassessment of the role of the Siberian macroregion in domestic geopolitics. The leading long-term factors in overcoming geopolitical risks affecting the stable development of Russian society and the qualitative transformation of its institutions are the harmonization of the mobilization and innovation components of modernization and the success of integration projects in the Eurasian space. The main conclusions of the study are ascertaining the need for (1) state support for the development of innovative processes that allow leveling the disproportions of regional development and strengthening the potential of the technological sovereignty of the Russian Federation (case study of the Academgorodok 2.0 project), and (2) reorientation to cross-border cooperation within the framework of integration projects (case of "Greater Eurasia"). Raising the status of Siberia in strategic planning thus turns out to be an integral part of the reflection of the “turn to the East”.

Neural network approach for GO-modified asphalt properties estimation

This paper presents an innovative development process of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to predict four properties of Graphene Oxide (GO) modified asphalt, including penetration, softening point, ductility, and viscosity. To this goal, a GO-modified asphalt database is carefully constructed and divided into 4 subsets, using input variables related to GO characteristics, mixing procedure, aging type, and properties of the initial asphalt before being modified. The model training and selection process is then conducted with random sampling techniques via Monte Carlo simulation to ensure the models’ reliability and generalizability. The results show that the selected ANN models have high performance and accuracy, with a coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.994, 0.996, 0.999, and 0.983, for penetration, softening point, ductility, and viscosity dataset, respectively. In addition, sensitivity analysis is used to evaluate the influence of input variables on the 4 properties. The findings, in good agreement with experimental results, reveal that 2 input variables, namely aging type and corresponding properties of the initial asphalt, have the most influence on the predictability of ANN models. Overall, with verified sensitivity analysis and high prediction accuracy, the proposed models could be used by material engineers to avoid costly and time-consuming experiments.

Optimizing Luminous Transmittance of a Three-Dimensional-Printed Fixed Bed Photobioreactor.

The development of innovative production processes and the optimization of photobioreactors play an important role in generating industrial competitive production technologies for phototrophic biofilms. With emerse photobioreactors a technology was introduced that allowed efficient surface attached cultivation of terrestrial cyanobacteria. However, the productivity of emerse photobioreactors depends on the available cultivation surface. By the implementation of biocarriers to the bioreactor volume, the cultivation surface can be increased which potentially improves productivity and thus the production of valuable compounds. To investigate the surface attached cultivation on biocarriers new photobioreactors need to be developed. Additive manufacturing (AM) offers new opportunities for the design of photobioreactors but producing the needed transparent parts can be challenging using AM techniques. In this study an emerse fixed bed photobioreactor was designed for the use of biocarriers and manufactured using different AM processes. To validate the suitability of the photobioreactor for phototrophic cultivation, the optical properties of three-dimensional (3D)-printed transparent parts and postprocessing techniques to improve luminous transmittance of the components were investigated. We found that stereolithography 3D printing can produce parts with a high luminous transmittance of over 85% and that optimal postprocessing by sanding and clear coating improved the clarity and transmittance to more than 90%. Using the design freedom of AM resulted in a bioreactor with reduced part count and improved handling. In summary, we found that modern 3D-printing technologies and materials are suitable for the manufacturing of functional photobioreactor prototypes.

Integration of innovation development and implementation processes in defence industry according to a demand — supply format

The purpose of this study is to investigate the development and implementation processes of defence innovation in a demand – supply format. The main research methods are the dialectical and systematic approach, the method of formalisation and modelling, logical-functional and logical-structural analysis. The result of the study is the design of a lifecycle matrix for the development and implementation phases of defence innovation that visualises the objectives, functions, indicators, key deliverables by phase and stage of the innovation lifecycle. The matrix is intended for managers as a tool to help formulate the functions of the participants in the innovation process and to monitor and analyse problem areas in the innovation system. A business model of the innovation system of the defense complex in the demand – supply format is proposed, including elements that create supply and demand for innovative products, implement mediation mechanisms between participants that generate supply and demand. The results obtained are aimed at developing a methodology for organising and managing the development and implementation of innovations in the defence industry and can be used by authorities in the innovation policy formation, in developing and improving the programmes for the defence industry development in Russia.