Development Of Industrial Clusters Research Articles

Hinterland evolution and port growth decomposition: The case of Shanghai

The 2008 global financial crisis led directly to the reduction of seaborne trade volume. Competition for hinterlands by ports has become increasingly fierce, and the hinterlands and driving factors of port growth are constantly evolving. Identifying port hinterlands and the source of port container volume growth is essential to the sustainable development of ports. Taking Shanghai Port as an example, this paper adopts the membership degree-Huff model to analyze the evolution of the foreign trade container hinterlands of the port from 2009 to 2017. The results show that, because the hinterland is constantly being permeated by competing ports, Shanghai Port has gradually begun to expand its hinterland coverage to cities outside the traditional hinterlands, mainly in the northern areas. This paper introduced the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index decomposition method to port growth research for the first time. The decomposition model of driving factors of port growth was constructed from the perspective of the hinterland. We found that, while the growth effect and spatial structure effect promote the increase of foreign trade containers in the port, the competitiveness effect leads to the decline of these. In future, government departments should promote cooperation among ports in the Yangtze River Delta to facilitate strategic coordination of the free trade (pilot) zone, resource sharing, and policy integration. In addition, Shanghai Port should devote itself to the development of a high value-added shipping services industry cluster to consolidate and enhance its international shipping status and functions.

Cross-Border E-Commerce Trade and Industrial Clusters: Evidence from China

Combining the theories of cross-border e-commerce trade, industrial cluster management, coordinated development, and sustainable development, this paper explores the problem of the coordinated development path of China’s cross-border e-commerce trade and industrial clusters. The research purpose of this paper is to propose relevant suggestions to promote the sustainable coordinated development of cross-border e-commerce trade and industrial clusters by revealing the inherent scientific laws of the sustainable coordinated development of them. By using a literature survey method, structural equation method, and system analysis method, on the basis of constructing a model for the coordinated development of cross-border e-commerce trade and industrial clusters, this paper conducts in-depth empirical analysis combined with relevant research data and draws research conclusions. The research conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) This paper verifies all the research hypotheses proposed. All the research hypotheses proposed in this paper are supported by valid data and have passed the empirical test. (2) Using data to scientifically prove that there is an obvious positive correlation between cross-border e-commerce trade and industrial clusters. (3) There is an obvious positive interaction between the main components of cross-border e-commerce trade and the main components of industrial clusters. Moreover, under the influence of the external environment, the two component systems can also promote the sustainable coordinated development of cross-border e-commerce trade and the sustainability of industrial clusters. (4) This paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to promote the sustainable coordinated development of cross-border e-commerce trade and industrial clusters.

Evolutionary Path and Innovative Development of Pharmaceutical Industrial Cluster-A Case Study of Shijiazhuang, China.

The innovation and development practices of the pharmaceutical industry are of great importance for the continual enhancement of public health. Industrial clusters are one of the important means by which the pharmaceutical industry can be transformed and developed, but there is a lack of research on the evolutionary path and development innovation of pharmaceutical industrial clusters. As a country with a major pharmaceutical industry, the transformation and development path of traditional pharmaceutical industrial clusters in China has important reference value for the sustainable development of the global pharmaceutical industry. Through an analysis of the evolution of traditional pharmaceutical industrial clusters in Shijiazhuang, this study explores the law of the dynamic evolution of pharmaceutical industrial clusters and the associated mechanisms. Specifically, we conclude that the evolutionary path of traditional pharmaceutical industrial clusters can be divided into the government-led pharmaceutical industrial cluster start-up stage, the government-guided pharmaceutical industrial cluster development stage, and the government-served pharmaceutical industrial cluster transformation stage. The operating mechanisms include a self-organization mechanism, an innovation-driven mechanism, and an outward associated mechanism, each of which plays different roles in the different stages of the dynamic evolution of the cluster, and the synergistic operation of the three mechanisms forms an important basis for the evolution of pharmaceutical industrial clusters. We found that the innovation development of traditional pharmaceutical industrial clusters is influenced by the synergy of the self-organization, innovation-driven, and outward associated mechanisms. The self-organization mechanism is a necessary condition for pharmaceutical industrial clusters to realize the transition from disorder to order. The innovation-driven mechanism is the core driving force for the innovative development of pharmaceutical industrial clusters. Finally, the outward associated mechanism is the main means by which pharmaceutical industrial clusters integrate into the global value chain.

Building the Philippine Innovation and Entrepreneurship Ecosystem for Poverty Reduction and Economic Transformation

While the Philippine economy had at an average rate of 6.4 percent from 2010 to 2017, with manufacturing and services growing at 7.6 percent and 6.7 percent respectively, the performance of agriculture, fisheries, and forestry had an average growth of only 1.4 percent during the same period. Since most of the regions are dependent on agriculture, fisheries, and forestry, regional economic imbalances have continued to persist, along with poverty, unemployment, and underemployment. To sustain a high level and inclusive growth, the government has started to implement a growth model where a modern industrial sector plays a key role in generating investment and employment. This new industrial policy known as Inclusive Innovation Industrial Strategy or i3S, has innovation at its heart, and aims to grow and develop globally competitive and innovative industries with strong forward and backward linkages. The strategy focuses on three major areas: creating an innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem, removing obstacles to growth to build industry clusters, and strengthening domestic supply and value chains to deepen the country’s participation in global and regional value chains and networks. The strategies and recommendations include: (a) development of human capital towards innovation and entrepreneurship; (b) strong government-academe-industry linkages; (c) enabling program and policy environment to accelerate innovation; (d) an entrepreneurship culture and support programs for start-ups, micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs); (e) creation of funding & finance programs to incentivize innovation; and (f) growth and development of industry clusters. It is hoped that the Inclusive Filipinnovation and Entrepreneurship Roadmap will be able to activate innovation and entrepreneurship as the main levers to reduce if not completely eliminate poverty in the country.

The Impact of the Upgrading of High-tech Zones on the Total Factor Productivity of Enterprises: Evidence from Guasi-natural Experiments

Abstract High-tech Zones are widely regarded as an effective mechanism to promote innovation and development of industrial clusters and new ventures. As a change in the external institutional environment, the upgrading of Provincial High-tech Zones promotes the ‘metabolism’ of enterprises in the High-tech Zones. This paper regards the upgrading of Provincial High-tech Zones as an external policy impact, constructs a quasi-natural experiment to evaluate the micro-policy effect of upgrading the Provincial High-tech Zones to the National High-tech Zones. Based on the data of enterprises in High-tech zones from 2005 to 2014, this paper uses Propensity Score Matching and Difference-in-Difference methods to analyze the impact of the upgrading of Provincial High-tech Zones on the total factor productivity of enterprises and explores the mechanism of action between the two through the mediation effect model. The results show that the upgrading of Provincial High-tech Zones distorted the total factor productivity of enterprises. Besides, compared with state-owned enterprises, the upgrading of Provincial Hightech Zones has a greater impact on the total factor productivity of non-state-owned enterprises. From the perspective of the intensity of government intervention, the higher the intensity of local government intervention, the greater the distortion effect. Further analysis shows that this distortion effect comes from adverse selection and moral hazard caused by information asymmetry between government and enterprises. The research results of this paper provide a realistic basis for the development of enterprises located in the newly upgraded National High-tech Zones. JEL classification numbers: D24 R58. Keywords: Upgrading of Provincial High-Tech Zones,Total Factor Productivity of Enterprises, Propensity Matching Score (PSM), Difference in Difference Method (DID).

МОНИТОРИНГ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ИННОВАЦИОННОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ЛЕСОПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ КЛАСТЕРОВ В УСЛОВИЯХ МНОГОСТОРОННЕГО ПАРТНЕРСТВА

The article highlights the issues of monitoring the indicators of innovative development of forest industry clusters in a multilateral partnership in order to optimize the management of innovative development of forest industry clusters. In this aspect, the features of monitoring the indicators of innovative development of industrial structures are studied. Without monitoring innovation activities, cluster structures, including forestry clusters, cannot ensure the process of their innovative development. In this regard, an important point is the development of recommendations that will ensure a continuous process of monitoring the innovative development of forest industry clusters.

ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF FORMATION OF CLUSTERS IN THE MINING INDUSTRY IN UKRAINE

The article substantiates that an effective method of ensuring sustainable development of mining entities, an effective type of cooperation, in the process of which individual entities combine efforts in a common system (from geological exploration, field development, production to the sale of certain mining products ), there is a cluster. The opportunities that appear in the business entities (members of the cluster association), the implementation of which will determine the effective results of each participant, the development of the mining industry and, accordingly, the national economy as a whole. The classification of clusters on various grounds is presented, and the need to clarify the understanding of “industry clusters” is argued. The functioning of branch clusters has been clarified both in relation to the members of the cluster association and in relation to the subject of activity of the branch cluster. The author’s approach to understanding clusters according to the “sectoral” classification can unite participants from different regions of Ukraine (this is especially important for the mining industry), and the tasks of the sectoral cluster should be determined by appropriate criteria. The peculiarities of the development of cluster associations in different countries are highlighted. It is argued that the formation of a cluster in the mining industry must be based on existing experience of clusters in different countries and achieve all the benefits that can be achieved by joining forces. The organizational and economic mechanism of functioning and development of the mining industry cluster has been developed, which will be presented as a set of elements aimed at the development of cluster entities through the implementation of their strategies (including functional) within the overall conceptually agreed strategy and cluster development.

Development trends of the cluster movement in the economy of Ukraine

Clusters in Ukraine have problems with the rupture of production and distribution chains. To solve these problems, it is necessary to correct the activities of clusters under martial law. Violations of transport routes and relocation of business have a significant economic impact on the formation of global value chains. It is important to assess the political and economic factors influencing changes in global and regional value chains. In 2022, there have been significant changes in the global distribution of resources. The invasion of Russian troops into Ukraine has prompted the developed world community to push Russian and Belarusian companies out of the global value chain. Such changes provide new opportunities for Ukrainian business. Creating new global and regional value chains can be based on innovative industrial high-tech ecosystems. Developed industry and regional clusters can be based on such ecosystems. It is proposed to consider new proposals to adjust the areas of cooperation of Ukrainian clusters and refocus their activities in the new economic situation. Integration into global and regional businesses may include the development of services, the development of international cooperation between enterprises on global business platforms. The article aims at study of the innovative development of clusters as the basis of economic recovery of Ukraine. Actual is to research the foreign economic activity factors of Ukraine within the framework of development of clusters. Innovative development is an important component of the country's economic growth. The development of innovative industrial high-tech clusters for successful integration into the global economy is important for Ukraine. Clusters consolidate the existing potential of companies in order to obtain synergies. The authors try to formulate modern directions of development for further integration of the Ukrainian clusters into EU economics. Clusters should also be open to participation in new projects related to the restoration of Ukraine's infrastructure. The article examines the examples of integrating Ukrainian companies into international cooperation and the structure of regional cluster of Zaporizhzhia “Engineering – Automation – Machinery” (EAM).

Logistics approach to organizing ethno-economic industrial clusters (сase of the Tuva Republic)

One of the main branches of economy in Tuva republic is cattle breeding which has developed historically on the basis of Tuva’s geographical position, climate and environmental conditions and centuries-old experience of Tuvinian population. Ethno-economic custom of Tuvinian people together with the governmental support lay the groundwork for the development of regional industrial clusters such as the DUK project (processing of sheep wool and goat hair) and the KESH project (currying of animal skins). In order to raise marketability and promote industrial development on the whole, it seems reasonable to organize groups of manufacturing clusters in the region, which would unite factories dealing with processing of raw materials supplied by traditional ethnic households. The aim of this work is to define optimal geographical coordinates for manufacturing facilities taking into account the location of raw material suppliers, to the effect of minimizing transportation costs. The authors suggest a mathematic model of optimal economic space layout on the basis of the development of traditional industrial system. Cluster analysis apparatus was used as well as logistic approach to formation of production and distribution network taking into account the existing transport infrastructure. Calculations were made using the example of organization and development of Tuvinian light industry cluster based on traditional for this region branch of economy, sheep breeding

Development of Additive Manufacturing Technology and Industry in China

As an emerging manufacturing technology, additive manufacturing (AM) has become one of the fastest developing technologies in the advanced manufacturing field with the continuous expansion of its applications. The development of AM industry provides a valuable opportunity for the development of modern manufacturing and the transformation and upgrading of traditional manufacturing. In this paper, developmental trends of the AM technology and industry in China and abroad are systematically summarized, and problems faced by China’s AM industry are analyzed, including inadequate research and development capabilities regarding common technologies and basic devices, lack of effective patent layout for the international market, and insufficient development of industrial scale and clusters. Focusing on a prospective layout of the AM industry, key development directions are proposed, including AM for biomedicine and medical devices, large-scale complex components, space, structural innovation, and new materials. Furthermore, several suggestions are put forward. First, an AM collaborative innovation mechanism should be established to support application innovation of enterprises. Second, special research plans on AM process reforms should be implemented to satisfy the demand for major high-end equipment. Third, the construction of regional AM industrial clusters should be promoted.

The Evaluation of Limitations and Plans for Industrial Clusters in Hanoi Vietnam

The goal of this paper is to evaluate limitations of development of industrial clusters in Hanoi Vietnam. From that authors will propose suitable solutions for development plans of industrial clusters (CCN) in the region. Authors will use qualitative, analysis, synthesis research methods. Specifically, Among solutions is that we will recommend including but not limited to adjusting and extending the project implementation schedule for expired industrial clusters; procedures for land, site clearance; elaboration and appraisal of project feasibility study reports; environmental impact assessment report, etc. Next, Leaders of departments, agencies and chairpersons of People's Committees of districts and towns strengthen inspection, urge and take full responsibility before the city for the implementation of plans according to their assigned functions and tasks; implement solutions to remove obstacles, shorten at least 50% of the time to carry out administrative procedures as prescribed.

Plans for Hanoi City Industrial Clusters - And Research of Experiences of Countries in the World in Developing Infrastructure for Industrial Clusters

One purpose of this study is to present lessons and experiences from other countries in developing clusters and industrial zones (IZ). According to OECD, they stresses that “cluster polices exist at the border of industrial policies, regional development policies and science & technology policies, and their ultimate goal is to strengthen industrial competitiveness through enhanced interconnection between the industry and the research sector.” By using qualitative analysis, our study findings show that for example, in case of Thailand, they have many industrial clusters in which they can transfer technology and training programs enhanced from workers across industrial parks. They also focus on sustainable development of industrial clusters. Different from traditional concept of industrial park, Thailand industrial clusters have areas for manufacturing, services, industries, resident, etc.

Chinese entrepreneurs and workers at the crossroad: the role of social networks in ethnic industrial clusters in Italy

PurposeThis paper aims to analyse the evolution of Chinese industrial ethnic clusters in Italy, by focusing on the role of social networks and the processes behind the phenomenon of Chinese worker exploitation and entrepreneur “self-exploitation”.Design/methodology/approachThe case study is a sub-cluster of micro and small enterprises owned by Chinese entrepreneurs within the leather industrial district of Florence, Italy. This research adopts the following mixed methods: a small-scale survey to capture the characteristics of the sub-cluster and a social network analysis to describe cluster evolution, complemented by life-course interviews conducted with key informants and entrepreneurs.FindingsMigrant social capital and social networks play a central role in the evolution of the case study sub-cluster. Social networks play a supportive role in migration, job creation, entrepreneurship formation and the creation of business opportunities. Simultaneously, they enhance the phenomenon of worker exploitation and entrepreneur self-exploitation. Furthermore, the more the business community grows, the more the economic performance of ethnic enterprises depends on agglomeration forces produced by the cluster.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest a series of potential policies to upgrade the ethnic enterprises' capacities, to increase their formality and inclusion in the Italian social and economic systems and sub-cluster.Originality/valueTo the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first attempt to examine the evolution of social networks in relation to the phenomenon of Chinese worker exploitation and entrepreneur self-exploitation in an ethnic industrial sub-cluster.

Digital strategies for transforming the development of industrial clusters

Digital strategies for transforming the development of industrial clusters

Study in Driving Strategy and Analysis of Sustainable and Symbiosis Development Relationship between Agricultural Industrial Clusters and Agricultural Logistics Industry

Due to a lack of profound disclosure of the internal mechanism for the symbiotic development of agricultural industrial clusters and agricultural logistics industry, the current study finds it difficult to form specific and implementable driving countermeasures well. Quantitative research on their symbiotic development and evolution is an important method to promote the further development of agricultural industry and agricultural logistics industry. In this paper, the factors affecting the sustainable symbiotic development relationship are analyzed between agricultural industry clusters and agricultural logistics industry with explanatory structural equation, and a system-driving model is constructed for the symbiotic development of agricultural enterprise clusters and agricultural logistics industry. The analysis indicated that, for the symbiotic development of agricultural enterprise clusters and agricultural logistics industry, the macro policy orientation is the fundamental driving force and the symbiotic development effect is its final result. Seven driving paths are refined, and the relevant countermeasures to promote the sustainable development of agricultural industrial clusters and agricultural logistics industry are put forward one at a time.

Analytical Studies about the Bioceanic Corridor

The construction of the Bio-Oceanic Road Corridor is an extremely complex task, as it involves many difficulties and multiple actions that need to be implemented in order to integrate Mato Grosso do Sul, in Brazil, with the Northern Chilean ports, crossing huge land spaces in Paraguay and Argentina. Furthermore, the four countries have no intention to create merely a road or a trade corridor. The main objective is to transform the corridor into an economic and social development platform, capable of attracting additional investments, encouraging firm partnerships as well as strengthening territorial integration. By such a collective effort, the countries envisage bringing benefits not only to the private sector but also to local communities. In this context, it is compelling to understand the strengthens and weaknesses of the corridor, in order to guide policymakers on how to implement future actions, with a view to fully exploring all the advantages deriving from physical integration as well as overcoming foreseeable obstacles. This article will enable readers to identify the characteristics of each one of the regions covered by the corridor and, thereby, understand its advantages and disadvantages, but also to learn how the corridor will change their lives. Bio-Oceanic Road Corridor will deepen regional integration and provide trade operators with better and less costly access to Asian markets, to the US West Coast as well as to Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia. Thanks to a modern physical connection, exporters from Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina will be able to send abroad their goods in less time and lower costs, increasing competitiveness and adding value to the exported goods. In the same vein, raw materials and other inputs will be imported at lower costs, encouraging the development of industrial clusters as well as breaking up geographical isolations as well as providing an alternative to a logistics too dependent on the Atlantic Ocean.

GENESIS OF CLUSTER THEORY IN ECONOMIC SCIENCE

Introduction. Modern post-coronavirus conditions of economic development indicate that one of the strategic prospects for sustainable development of Ukraine's regions is the further spread of the progressive global trend “Industry 4.0”, including industrial clusters. Clusters, as new forms of spatial organization of production, characterized by powerful mobilization opportunities and high competitiveness in global and national markets are recognized as important elements in the development of regional innovation ecosystems. They play an important role in promoting the shift and development of industrial parks. Therefore, cluster issues are relevant in all its manifestations, including at the level of research on the genesis of cluster theory from its inception to the formation of the modern (“classical”) variant. Purpose. The aim of the article is to analyse the genesis and evolution of the theory of economic clusters from the XVIII century (stage of origin, which is associated with the ideas of J. Tunen) and the 90s of XX century (emergence of modern cluster theory – M. Porter). Research methods. The article used the historical method, logical-abstract, methods of analysis and synthesis. Results. The article emphasizes that the concept of “cluster” is inherent not only in economics. A thorough analysis of economic scientific sources gives grounds to claim that the first developments in cluster theory can be traced in the works of economists of various fields and schools. However, most researchers believe that the founders of cluster theory were J. Tunen and A. Marshall. In its modern form, cluster theory began to take shape in the 80's and 90's of the XX century. The ancestor of cluster theory is considered to be the famous American scientist M. Porter. It was found that M. Porter in his research uses several approaches to the interpretation of the concept of “cluster” – geographical, network, synergistic and so on. It is established that the essence and content of cluster theory M. Porter reveals through the model “Diamond”, which includes four interrelated components: factor conditions; state of demand; related and supporting industries (clusters); strategy, structure and rivalry of the firm. It is determined that the development of industrial clusters (according to M. Porter) is significantly influenced by the public and private sectors, social structure, initiatives related to the activities of the industrial cluster. The advantages and disadvantages of P. Porter's cluster theory are determined and the model of an industrial cluster is developed. Conclusion. The analysis shows that cluster ideas among scientists appear in almost all economic fields and schools, regardless of the historical period of their existence. The advantages of this form of association were known in the early twentieth century. It is established that the founder of modern cluster theory M. Porter during its creation on the basis of the concept of competitive advantage, generated different approaches and theoretical achievements of economic scientific thought (primarily spatial, innovative and network scientific theories). An important aspect of M. Porter's industrial cluster model is the synergetic effect, based on which industrial clusters through economic means (productivity, innovation, new business creation), affect competitiveness, which ultimately ensures the development of the state economy.

Research on Innovation Performance of VR and Tobacco Industrial Cluster Based on Structural Equation Model

As a traditional industry, the tobacco industry is an important part of the national economy and has an important position in meeting social consumption demand and increasing national and local fiscal revenue. And VR industry, as an emerging industrial economy, can effectively empower the development of tobacco industry. To further promote the development of VR and tobacco industry clusters and optimize the industrial structure, this paper constructs a conceptual model of the factors influencing the innovation performance of VR and tobacco industry clusters from a social network perspective based on the triple helix theory. Structural equation method and data of relevant companies of VR and tobacco industry in Nanchang is used to study the influencing factors of their innovation performance, and further examines the influence mechanism of R&D investment, government behavior and cluster atmosphere on innovation performance of these two industrial clusters. The results show that R&D investment, government behavior and cluster atmosphere have positive effects on innovation performance of Nanchang VR and tobacco industry cluster. The conclusions of this paper enrich the influencing factors of cluster innovation performance and expand the scope of innovation performance theory in the context of VR and tobacco industrial cluster.

Clustering of potato chips SMEs in Batu City, Indonesia

Batu City, Indonesia, has the local product potentials of potato chips with a number of 30 Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs). In improving their competitiveness, SMEs still have problems in product standardization, such as low communication and coordination in production and marketing among SMEs, Government, and marketing agencies. The research aimed to cluster the potato chips SMEs in Batu City for the business development strategy. The study method was the integration of k-means clustering and Fuzzy Analytical Network Process with 9 SMEs as respondents, which met the criteria required. The variables used in clustering are production capacity, number of workers, average turnover, length of operation, and halal certification status. The results showed that the SMEs of potato chips were formed in 2 clusters where cluster 1 (4 SMEs) of a micro-scale and cluster 2 (5 SMEs) of small-scale businesses. Cluster 1 developed the strategy by increasing access to capital, while cluster 2 through marketing access. The success rate of determining the SMEs industrial cluster development strategy will depend directly on the cooperation between institutions include core industries, supporting industries, raw material suppliers, and other supporting institutions.

Research on the Mechanism and Path of Coordinated Development of Digital Trade and Industrial Clusters in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

The two subsystems of digital trade and industrial cluster can realize the interactive operation of information flow, capital flow and logistics through the interaction of elements in the system, which can maximize the collaborative development efficiency of the composite system. There are three paths for the coordinated development of digital trade and industrial clusters: first, digital trade changes the production mode, marketing mode and management mode of industrial clusters, breaks through the regional locking of industrial clusters, and realizes the value promotion of all links of the industrial chain through data sharing; Secondly, the agglomeration characteristics of industrial clusters are conducive to the construction of digital trade ecosystem and the production of scale benefits; Finally, the institutional innovation of government institutions is conducive to the efficient supervision and coordinated development of the composite system. In the post epidemic era, the coordinated development of digital trade and industrial clusters can promote regional economic development, realize the digital transformation of traditional industries, cultivate innovative elements and enhance the value of industrial data, give full play to the complementary advantages of different cities in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao Bay Area in basic research, industrial innovation and application markets.