Housing Development Research Articles

Identification of indicators of urban affordable housing location choice for low-income households: a Delphi analysis

ABSTRACT The rapid growth of urbanization has resulted in an unprecedented housing crisis, particularly in developing nations. Tackling housing challenges is essential for the sustainable development of cities. One of the prime challenges in this domain is the identification of suitable locations for developing affordable housing projects. This research aims to identify the indicators that affect the choice of affordable housing locations for low-income households. Through exploration of relevant literature, a comprehensive list of 48 indicators was identified and classified into five categories; neighborhood embedded characteristics, urban characteristics, economic context, and social and housing characteristics. The Delphi method was adopted to gain consensus on the parameters identified. To encompass diverse viewpoints, experts were chosen from five metropolitan cities, including Jaipur, Lucknow, Patna, Mumbai, and Chennai, representing five geographical zones across India; criteria for selection included expertise in affordable housing, low-income housing, or sustainable development. 36 indicators gained consensus through a two-round Delphi survey with 0.71 as the value of Kendall’s coefficient of Concordance. The parameters of mobility, high employment opportunities, and proximity to various facilities were found to be significant when considering location choice. The indicators determined can help identify the relative locations of affordable housing development in urban areas.

Viscosity of Clayey Soils: Experimental Studies

Due to the high rate of the development of housing, transportation and hydraulic engineering construction in the last hundred years, the study of the phenomenon of creep of clay soils has become a subject of scientific research. In the study, experimental investigations of clay soil were conducted using a simple shear device in kinematic loading mode, aimed at examining the influence of shear rate on the viscosity coefficient of the clay soil and its strength characteristics. The tests were performed at four different shear rates and three different vertical load values. Based on the results of experimental and theoretical studies, the viscosity coefficients of clay soil were obtained, and a new rheological equation was proposed, which simultaneously takes into account the influence of Coulomb friction, structural cohesion, cohesion of water–colloidal bonds and viscous resistance of the soil. It has been shown that the shear rate has a significant impact on the viscosity coefficient of clay soil, and the viscosity coefficient itself is a variable quantity, depending both on the magnitude of the applied load and the duration of its application. The obtained results can be used for further improvement of methods for calculating the settlement of structures over time, as well as for predicting the time until the bearing capacity of foundation soils is exhausted.

Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap Kejadian Tanah Longsor Dalam Pembangunan Perumahan Mewah Kota Samarinda

. This research raises the issue of elite housing development on Jalan M.T. Haryono in Samarinda City, which has generated controversy due to violations and negative impacts on the surrounding. This research aims to understand the perceptions of the people of Gang 6 M. Said who became victims of landslides caused by its activities.This research uses a qualitative method with data collection techniques analyzing news articles, scientific journals, official reports, and other related documents, field observations and in-depth interviews with people in there. The results showed that the people who lived in there have almost similar perceptions towards the construction of this elite housing project. Most of the community didn’t know that the lowering of the seal of the development project had been carried out from March 2024. However, the majority of residents still feel worried after the landslide incident. Therefore, some residents moved from the area near the development project. Although, the residents also appreciate the responsibility of the housing company afterwards, starting from material responsibility and the needs such as food, blankets, and others, and thankful for the steps taken by the Samarinda City Government, which is swift to face, listen to, and follow up on this issue.

Studi Kelayakan Investasi Proyek Pembangunan Perumahan Citra Harmoni Desa Sukamakmur Kecamatan Sukajadi Kabupaten Lebak

Housing is a group of houses or other buildings built together as a single development. The form varies from country to country. Housing is usually built by a single contractor with only a few house or building design styles, so that the appearance is uniform. In Asian cities such as Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Seoul, housing includes high-density tower blocks with or without commercial facilities. Meanwhile, Indonesia is one of the profitable countries for housing development. Home investment is a form of investment that is profitable in the long term. So it's not surprising that many people are interested in doing it. Houses have a stable value when compared with other investment instruments. It will not decrease even if inflation occurs. Property investment is an investment aimed at getting a return on investment or return on investment by utilizing a property. Knowing the value of housing investment returns, many business people invest in property. So it is necessary to analyze the feasibility of investment and the parameters that influence investment in this project and also the characteristics of consumers. Citra Harmoni Housing, which is located in Sukamakmur village, Sukajadi subdistrict, Lebak Regency, is a housing project whose investment feasibility we will calculate. From the analysis results of this project, the NPV calculation value for the housing project is IDR 35,913,597,917, which is certainly greater than 0, indicating that this housing project activity has financial benefits. The calculated value of the internal rate of return (IRR) is 36.943%, which is higher than the interest value of 10.9%, indicating that this housing project has a high rate of return and can be a profitable investment opportunity. The results of the Payback Period (PP) calculation show that the time required to return the initial capital in this project or investment is 1 year 7 months.

Barriers and opportunities to agrihood development in growing cities of the Rocky Mountain region: A comparative case study

Rapid urbanization and peri-urban development are driving land use change across the globe, result­ing in lands being converted from agricultural uses to housing development. Sustainable, multifunc­tional land use in urban and peri-urban areas is needed to balance the requirements of producing food in a way that protects environmental resources and of providing housing to a growing population. An agrihood is a planned development model that incorporates food production within a community to help address goals of nutritious food security while providing social, economic, and environmental benefits. Agrihoods may offer an alternative land use for integrating food production in new housing developments for the sustainable development of rapidly urbanizing cities. A com­parative case study, using semi-structured, qualita­tive interviews with key informants from two cities (Bozeman, Montana, and Longmont, Colorado), highlighted four key barriers to agrihood develop­ment in two cities in the Rocky Mountain region of the U.S: labor; ownership and governance struc­tures; resource availability; and land use regulation. Concerns for water and land resource availability reflect general barriers to agricultural expansion in the Rocky Mountain region, while the other identi­fied barriers reflect the structural and legal limita­tions preventing agrihood development and expan­sion. To reduce these barriers, policy interventions and incentives provided at municipal, state, and federal levels, informed by community advocates in support of local food production, will be essential.

Elements of Home Automation Technology For Housing Development Middle Stratum

Objective: The objective of this study is to identify the elements to develop home automation technology in middle-income homes. Theoretical Framework: Home automation applies to systems and devices that provide some level of automation within the house, ranging from a simple timer to turn a light or device on and off at a specific time, to the most complex systems capable of interacting with any electrical element in the home. Method: Descriptive research, non-experimental, transectional or cross-sectional field design, the sample was six companies in the residential housing construction sector in the middle stratum of the department of Atlántico, the data collection technique was the survey, the instrument was the questionnaire with Likert type response option. Results and Discussion: It was evident that the benefits of the elements of the home automation system to the owners or tenants of the homes are known, however, a medium segment of the subjects surveyed knows the benefits that these elements provide to the builders and They are clear in recognizing that they currently do not implement home automation technology elements in the homes they build. Implications of the Research: Home automation is therefore one that integrates a set of automatisms in electricity, electronics, robotics, computing and telecommunications, with the aim of ensuring the user an increase in comfort, security, energy savings, communication facilities and entertainment possibilities. Originality/Value: The relevance consists of continuing to consolidate the implementation of technological innovations in terms of the use of sensors, actuators, system elements and display elements, but not in isolation but with the home automation system as such.

Housing, Homelessness, and Mental Health

Homelessness is one of the most significant humanitarian, policy, and public health issues in the United States. People experiencing homelessness are at a heightened risk of various health issues, including severe mental illness, and face a life expectancy up to 30 years shorter than those with stable housing. The US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) defines homelessness as lack of a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence and reports that there has been a steady rise in the number of individuals with mental illness lacking stable housing, far outpacing the capacity of available services. Despite the importance of housing for mental health, psychiatrists are often ill-equipped to intervene on this key social determinant of health. This article reviews underlying factors contributing to homelessness for individuals with mental illness, details clinical ramifications of homelessness, and outlines evidence-based interventions for supporting people experiencing homelessness and psychiatric illness. [ Psychiatr Ann. 2024;54(7):e202–e208.]

Extended foster care and homelessness: Assessing the impact of the Fostering Connections to Success and Increasing Adoptions Act on rates of homelessness among youth

Youth aging out of foster care experience high rates of homelessness during young adulthood. This study assessed the impact of states’ extension of foster care through age 21 under the federal Fostering Connections to Success and Increasing Adoptions Act of 2008 on state-level rates of homelessness among all youth ages 18–24, which we used as a proxy to assess impact on the legislation’s target population. To do so, we leveraged data from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, the Census Bureau and several other publicly available data sources to construct a novel state-level panel dataset that allowed us to capture changes in rates of homelessness among youth ages 18–24 and extended foster care policies in all 50 states for the eight-year period from 2013 to 2020. Employing a difference-in-difference approach, we found evidence of an anticipated lagged effect of extended foster care, wherein the implementation of extended foster care is associated with a 23 % reduction in the total rate of youth homelessness four years later. This effect persists in years five to six after states adopt this policy change. We found no evidence of a similar effect of extended foster care on rates of homelessness among persons not between the ages of 18–24. Our findings provide important evidence about the impact of the Fostering Connections Act and suggest that extending the age of foster care eligibility may create important safety nets and pathways that support a reduction in rates of homelessness among former foster youth.

Exploring inhibiting factors to affordable housing provision in Lagos metropolitan city, Nigeria

Different inhibiting factors have affected the need for affordable housing provisions to keep pace with the increase in urbanisation and population growth, leading to the non-availability of desirable, affordable housing goals for low-income earners. Unfortunately, these inhibiting factors continue to create challenges that affect affordable housing development for low-income earners. Hence, this study examines the inhibiting factors affecting affordable housing provisions using Lagos metropolitan city, Nigeria, as a case study exemplar. A quantitative research design was employed, using the survey to collect data from the target populations of low-income earners in Lagos, Nigeria, through a purposive sampling technique with a high response rate of 75.3%. Descriptive and exploratory factor analysis was conducted on the retrieved data and Cronbach’s alpha test to determine data reliability and interrelatedness. Thirty-seven identified inhibiting factors of affordable housing provisions were clustered into seven components: problems with affordable land and security of tenure; socioeconomic constraints; problems with conventional materials and technologies; unpredictable internal factors; absence of innovative framework and supply chain; absent of community collaboration and external economic factors; and urbanisation factors. The implications of the study findings provide a better understanding of land tenureship, improved social inclusion, community-based stakeholder collaboration, standardisation of indigenous construction materials and technologies utilisation, and housing policy reforms to alleviate the shortage of affordable housing delivery in metropolitan cities. The study recommends successful implementations of affordable housing provisions hinged on an innovative housing framework and affordable supply chain through design, standardisation of non-conventional materials and technologies utilisation and social inclusion. The study’s conclusion gives housing stakeholders, realtors, policymakers, and government agencies the ability to understand and implement strategies to overcome socioeconomic constraints, land security of tenure, and urbanisation factors to predict and improve affordable housing demand and supply in metropolitan cities.

Life Cycle Assessment of Single-Story Low-Income Housing: A Brazilian Case Study

This study aims to assess the environmental impacts of different construction systems employed in a single-story low-income housing development utilizing Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The LCA was applied to the roof, wall, coating, and floor systems, considering the initial and recurring impacts from extraction to material replacement. Data were quantified using the CML 2001 method with OpenLCA 1.9 software. The analyzed impact categories are the potential for the depletion of abiotic resources—non-fossil (ADP); potential for the depletion of abiotic resources—fossil (ADP f); soil and water acidification potential (AP); eutrophication potential (EP); global warming potential—100 (GWP); stratospheric ozone layer depletion potential (ODP); and photochemical oxidation potential (POCP). The results highlight the impacts related to the maintenance and replacement of materials as the most significant, with walls being the system with the highest concentration of impacts, presenting the highest results among five of the seven categories. In the GWP category, the wall system resulted in 42% of total impacts (initial + recurring impacts). These findings show that the selection and definition of construction materials in the design phase can either mitigate or exacerbate environmental burdens. Therefore, this research contribution lies in pinpointing the environmental impacts of each construction system of low-income housing to support architects and engineers in addressing environmental impacts when making project decisions.

Housing Financialization and Community Wellbeing: Tenant Resistance in the Liveable City

Tenant movements are increasingly impacting urban governance and the development of housing in Canadian cities. Tenants resisting violent and ‘gentler’ forms of gentrification—through outright expulsion or being priced out of their communities—have demonstrated their unwillingness to allow financialized real estate to determine their housing futures. At the same time, tenants also have to contend with discourses of urban improvement that increasingly dominate the terrain of financialized rental housing (re)development. Community benefits agreements and other similar arrangements emphasizing neighbourhood liveability and wellbeing are increasingly deployed as devices to justify housing (re)development, but also work to facilitate gentrification. Through an examination of a struggle between tenants and a financialized real estate investment firm in Canada’s capital city Ottawa—which aspires to be North America’s most liveable mid-sized city—this article explores the implications of a Community Wellbeing Framework for a neighbourhood redevelopment project forged through tenant resistance efforts.

Assessment of Roof Tilt and Building Azimuth for Off-Grid Photovoltaic Power for Buildings in Metropolitan Lagos, Nigeria

The study determined optimum roof tilt and building azimuth for rooftop-based distributed photovoltaic (PV) energy generation in Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria as strategic technological input to alternative power generation and new housing development in Metropolitan Lagos. The energy planning & foresight analysis methodology was used. The data were obtained via literature, Global Positioning System (GPS) systems, energy models and site visits; and comprised manual and satellite imagery, dimensions, roof angles and coordinates of the building structures in the study area (Rows between 0 – 60o, Columns between 0 – 180o; System sizes: 533 kW, 110 kW and 0.547 kW). The results showed solar array yield varied from 768,944 kWh per annum for a 500 kVA system to 780 kWh per annum for a 500 VA system. A five tier rooftop generation template of 245 MWp was consequently developed. Optimal roof tilt and building azimuth angles for the systems were estimated to be 5o and 180o respectively though combinations of azimuth and tilt angles not exceeding 30o tilt and 90o azimuth gave acceptable yields. The study concluded that the optimum roof tilt and building azimuth for rooftop-based distributed photovoltaic (PV) energy generation in the study area were strategic policy intelligence inputs for the renewable power generation and new housing development programmes of the Federal and Lagos State Governments.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT OF MULTI-STOREY HOUSING: A SKYVILLE @ DAWSON SINGAPORE CASE STUDY

Social and economic sustainability significantly affect the well-being of residents in high-rise vertical housing. Previous research has identified various complaints about poor relationships between residents, lack of interaction, and feelings of confinement. On the other hand, COVID-19 has limited interactions among residents in densely populated housing due to the high transmission rates of the disease. This study aims to conduct a content analysis of data on Skyville @ Dawson apartments from reliable sources, covering the period from 2009 to 2024. The research is conducted with the content analysis method, focusing on economic, social, and environmental aspects of Sustainable Architectural Design. From secondary and online data, it was found that WOHA designed Skyville @ Dawson to accommodate the behavioral needs of Singaporean society with several horizontal gardens on various floors, potentially securing interaction against COVID-19 through good building management. Therefore, this high-rise housing is an excellent example of the socio-economic development of upper-floor housing.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in paired tap water and house dust from United States homes

Most people in the United States have been exposed to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) which have been linked to a wide array of adverse health conditions in adults and children. The consumption of contaminated drinking water is an important human exposure pathway to PFAS. Residential sources also contribute to PFAS exposure through dermal contact and ingestion of house dust, which acts as an aggregate of chemicals from sources like furnishing materials and consumer products. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) conducted the first nationwide survey of residential hazards called the American Healthy Homes Survey (AHHS) in 2005, followed by a second survey (AHHS II) in 2017. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) collaborated with HUD on both efforts and subsequently analyzed PFAS in household tap water and house dust collected from the same homes during the AHHS II study. This study leverages these paired samples to investigate potentially important exposure sources and pathways in the residential environment. Here we report results for paired household tap water and house dust samples from 241 homes for 13 and 16 PFAS chemicals, respectively. All 13 targeted chemicals were detected in the household tap water samples with detections ranging from 100 % for PFBS to 1 % for PFNS, and all 16 targeted chemicals were detected in the house dust samples with detections ranging from 97 % for PFOA to 9 % for PFNS. Four chemicals (PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, and PFHpA) were measured above the limit of detection in at least 50 % of the samples in both media. All households had at least one of the targeted PFAS detected in both their tap water and house dust. Results provided evidence that geographical factors, such as proximity to ambient contamination sources, were main drivers of PFAS contamination in tap water, while PFAS contamination in house dust was driven mainly by within-home sources. Exposure estimates calculated from the measured PFAS concentrations highlight the importance of addressing potential sources of exposure to PFAS within homes in addition to ambient sources affecting communities’ drinking water, particularly to reduce children’s exposure to these chemicals.

A REVIEW ON SUSTAINABLE AFFORDABLE HOUSING IN INDIA: ONE STEP TO BUILD A GOOD ECONOMY AND ENVIRONMENT

Affordable housing, economic growth, and environmental protection are India's urban development priorities. The housing sector of India holds the third largest position among other industries. India needs inexpensive, sustainable housing for economic and environmental reasons. The definition of affordable housing has been discussed as given by the government schemes and authorities. Urbanisation, infrastructure, and housing shortages affect India's housing business. According to a government technical study from 2011, there was an 18.76-million-unit shortfall in metropolitan areas, with 96% of those units belonging to EWS and LIG. However, it doesn’t consider nondurable and rental houses, which further increases the housing demand. To address such issues, the central government has launched various sustainable affordable housing policies to integrate sustainability, affordability, and inclusion into architecture and construction. ‘Housing for all’ is one of the government schemes launched in June 2015 which promotes affordable housing and technology in the sector. Housing and allied industries play a significant role to boost GDP, jobs, and communities. Energy-efficient technology, waste management, green spaces, and sustainable building reduce housing developments' environmental impact. These activities reduce carbon emissions and strengthen urban climate change resilience, saving the environment. The research stresses social inclusion to provide affordable housing to low-income, women, and vulnerable people. Housing inclusivity promotes equity in the society. India's sustainable, affordable housing schemes are analysed, and gaps are identified. Public-private partnerships, subsidies, and governments encourage sustainable housing. Finally, affordable housing benefits India's economy and environment. This study underlines the necessity to incorporate economic, environmental, and social factors into housing laws and practices to solve India's housing crisis. It further mentions Sustainable, affordable housing will boost India's economy, environment, and the quality of life holistically.

Determinants of Home Ownership Among the Urbanites in Melaka

Over the past few years, the real estate market has been unbalanced in terms of supply and demand when supply exceeds demand, especially in urban areas. Although there is a high demand for affordable housing, the issue of house dumping is still a public debate. The difficulty of owning a house has always been a public issue debated by the government and the private sector in finding a solution for all stakeholders. With the current economic situation, buying a house is almost impossible due to the drastic increase in house prices in urban areas. In reality, urban communities need affordable housing to overcome the problem of renting a house, where the cost of renting is increasing. This study aims to identify whether factors such as market price, socio-economics, and community well-being affect home ownership, especially in Melaka urban areas. Data and information were obtained from house renters in some selected housing estates. The data collected from questionnaires was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 23 and Microsoft Excel software. The regression analysis method was employed for this study. The study results found that the increase in house prices affects the residents' ownership in the city, even though the demand for houses is always there. Design factors, types, and comfortable spaces are still the choices of today's home buyers. Socio-economic development factors also affect the demand of urban communities that choose housing estates near the city because of easy access, available infrastructure, and stunning green surroundings. The community well-being factor is a determining factor in the urban community's choice of a community-friendly environment and guaranteed security as one of the factors of home ownership in the future. In general, this study also helps housing developers study marketing strategies by considering the current needs of urban communities, such as market prices, socio-economic development, and a community-friendly housing environment. This study suggests that the government should make more efforts to increase homeownership in the urban community by providing quality housing and creating a united society along with development.

Faktor Utama Keterlambatan Pembayaran Dalam Proyek Perumahan Subsidi dan Komersial

In the implementation of housing development, the problem of late payment delays is a common issue encountered in commercial and subsidized housing projects during construction. These delays impact the timely completion and lead to disputes among the involved parties, which include owners, contractors, and subcontractors. This study aims to analyze the primary factors contributing to late payment in construction projects, specifically in commercial and subsidized housing. The analysis is conducted from the perspective of the owner, contractors, and subcontractors. The study involves six owner respondents, six contractor respondents, and four subcontractor respondents. The survey results were analyzed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to assess the significance of various factors influencing payment delays in both housing schemes. The analysis results indicate that financial issues with the owner's company are crucial factors from the owner's perspective in causing payment delays in both commercial and subsidized housing projects. A major challenge faced by contractors is the lack of capital availability, which can lead to delays that affect all involved parties. Meanwhile, discrepancies between job specifications not following the contract from the subcontractor's viewpoint highlight the importance of clear communication and rigorousness. All parties involved in housing projects need to improve financial management, enhance capital procurement, and tighten the supervision of contract implementation. By identifying key factors, adopting best practices can help mitigate the risk of payment delays and improve efficiency in future housing project implementations, whether commercial or subsidized.

The Development of Green Houses In The Southern Türkiye, with an Emphasis on Their Structural and Agricultural Features : The case of the Mersin province

The Development of Green Houses In The Southern Türkiye, with an Emphasis on Their Structural and Agricultural Features : The case of the Mersin province

Rampant Land Dispute Cases

This research examines the problem of land disputes in Indonesia caused by the illegal practices of the land mafia and poor land management by housing developers. Based on the Seven Principles of Agrarian Law, land should be used to benefit the community. However, facts on the ground show that much land is controlled unilaterally by the land mafia. They used various methods, including making fake letters and cultivating empty land to sell at high prices. This has led to many ownership disputes and legal problems for legitimate landowners and defrauded buyers. To avoid this problem, the public is advised to process the legality of their land certificates through the National Land Agency (BPN). The legal basis supporting the importance of land certificates is contained in Article 19 and Article 23 of the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA) no. 5 of 1960 and Law no. 4 of 1996 concerning Mortgage Rights. This research also highlights the challenge of limited land in Indonesia, which causes the high economic value of land to become an object of competition. Housing developers often face land management problems, resulting in land certificates being mortgaged at banks and losses for consumers. The importance of public awareness of checking the completeness and validity of documents before carrying out a house purchase transaction is emphasized to avoid problems in the future. Education and supervision from the government and related institutions, such as BPN, are critical in protecting consumer rights and ensuring legal certainty.

Spatial Planning Prerequisites for the Development of Affordable Housing in the Center of the City of Zagreb

This paper analyzes the concept of affordable housing and urban planning instruments that incentivize its development, especially in city centers. Considering the shortage of affordable housing in Zagreb, the research aims to identify contemporary urban planning practices that focus on the social function of housing and the role that local urban and housing policies have in ensuring access to it. By comparing the strategic documents for the housing development of the cities of Lyon and Barcelona and models of their implementation in the local urban plans for the areas of city centers and contact brownfield areas, the provisions incentivizing the development of the affordable housing (right of pre-emption, category of subsidized housing, inclusionary zoning, density bonus, and protection of residential use) are singled out. In the context of urban renewal of the historic center of Zagreb and of brownfield redevelopment in the contact zone of the city center, inclusion of the aforementioned provisions in local urban plans is examined, demonstrating the potential that such instrument has for the development of affordable housing in the city center.