Development Of Higher Education System Research Articles

Investment in tertiary education in OECD countries: Student spending and public support, allocation of education funding by resource category

Subject. This article discusses the issues of financing and ensuring the accessibility of higher education, and getting the balance between higher education spending and other public spending. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the major economic indicators of the higher education system's development in some countries and regions. Methods. For the study, I used the general scientific research methods. Results. The article describes different combinations of students' tuition costs and ways to find the optimal balance between different forms of learning support undertaken by governments of different countries. Conclusions. The high quality of higher education is recognized as an absolute priority. In the coming decade, higher education ecosystems will change in many countries, driven by changes in demand for higher education. More flexible and diverse financing modalities are needed, taking into account the practices of different countries.

CURRENT TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINIAN HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM

The article defines the current trends in the development of the Ukrainian higher education system in in particular and globally due to the spread of the coronavirus and the Russian-Ukrainian war, which have had an impact on the different educational spheres. The results of the research indicate the problems that prevent further research development of higher education in Ukraine and reduce the effectiveness of investing in this area. It has been defined that education is a means of reproducing and increasing the spiritual and intellectual potential of the nation, national and patriotic education of citizens, a factor in the modernization of production, economic development, and the enhancement of the state's authority in the global space. A detailed analysis of current (dominant) trends in the development of the Ukrainian higher education system (the humanization and humanization of education, its continuity; the internationalization and cross-cultural communication; the preservation of national and cultural identity; the renewal of content, organizational forms and teaching methods; the stimulating impact of education on the individual and its continuity; the integrаtion of education science and production; the updating facilities and resources; the diversification of funding resources) has been carried out. It has been established that the development of the higher education system in Ukraine is based on historical and cultural traditions, and socio-economic factors, and depends on the influence of global education policy. It has been concluded that the development of a national higher education system is reflected in the global framework as the current sustainable development goal. It is also significant to consider the prioritization of the individual in the education system, the improvement of the social status of research and teaching staff in society; updating the material and technical base by modern production needs and the safety of education.

TYPES OF INNOVATIONS IN THE SPHERE OF HIGHER EDUCATION

The work is devoted to the study of the main types of innovations in the sphere of higher education. The following types of innovations are considered: innovations of technological and organizational type; innovations of educational and pedagogical type; innovations of structural and pedagogical type; innovations of economic and market type. Also analyzed innovative information technologies, information and innovation management, as well as innovative marketing are widely used in the management of innovative activities in education. They are combined into a group of means and tools for managing innovative activities in education. They can occur in almost all types of innovations in the education system, which can lead to innovative changes to achieve new quantitative and qualitative education parameters. The analysis in the article of some types of innovations in the higher education system shows that they can lead to innovative changes. These are organizational-type innovations in the field of higher education; educational and pedagogical innovations in the higher education system; means and tools for managing innovative activities in education; innovations to solve problems of forced or emergency distance learning, etc. Also are important innovations in higher education related to the protection of life on Earth (environmental, resource-saving and alternative fuels, food security, health care, population control, etc.), as well as new types of innovations in higher education and science caused by global changes, extraordinary and force majeure circumstances. The authors argue that the prospect of building a knowledge society with an innovation-oriented type of economy in any country requires a profound reform of the national economy humanitarian sphere, innovative development of higher education system, science and scientific-technology activity. This should be done on the basis of reasonable combination of the best foreign experience with national traditions. The results of the research can be useful both for specialists in the field of higher education and science, as well as for students, postgraduates, and researchers in the field of innovative activity and innovative development.

Simulation modeling of the strategic development of the higher education system of the Russian Federation

Global trends and current problems of the Russian higher education system determine the relevance of the tasks of analyzing and forecasting the long-term development of the Russian higher education system and developing management decisions aimed at its improvement. These tasks can be solved with the help of computer models of the education system, which allow us to study the behavior of a complex system in dynamics, considering the interactions of its elements, lag effects, and feedback loops. Despite the ongoing research in this area, the issue of management decision support tools for the strategic development of the Russian higher education system has not been resolved.The article discusses the issues of simulation modeling of the higher education system of the Russian Federation, considering its interaction with macroeconomic and demographic factors. The proposed set of simulation models of the higher education system is developed using agent-based modeling and system dynamics methods. The functioning of the education system is described at different levels in the proposed set of models: the individual level, the educational institutions level, and the macroeconomic level. The set of models can be used as the basis for tools to support strategic planning of the Russian Federation’s education system development.

Exploring the internal and external push-pull factors influencing innovation outcomes in Chinese regional universities: a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis

ABSTRACT In the current hierarchical system of higher education, regional universities in China face the dilemma of homogenization and marginalization. There is an urgent need to find a high-quality development path that suits their own characteristics. From the theoretical perspective of “academic drift”, this study focuses on the influence that internal and external conditions can have on the development performance of regional universities, whilst also creatively using the research method of fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis to investigate the different development paths of 53 regional universities in China. The study found that the push-pull effect of external conditions, such as location, should be highly valued. For three different development outcome variables, there are various conditional combination development paths. The development paths of universities with different disciplines are not always the same, so it is necessary for them to find a “cut-in point” for running their own university. This study helps clarify the unique path of high-quality development in regional universities and promotes the classified development of higher education systems.

STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONAL MODEL OF TEACHING PHYSICAL AND TECHNICAL DISCIPLINES BASED ON STEM EDUCATION: THE ASPECT OF TRANSDISCIPLINARITY

The development of innovativeness affects the modernization of higher education, in particular, technical in the context of STEM education. It was noted that the modernization of higher education in Ukraine needs to take into account the general trends in the development of higher education systems in the context of globalization and European integration processes. The expediency of the structural-functional model of teaching physical and technical disciplines on the basis of STEM education in the conditions of transdisciplinarity is substantiated. It has been established that a change in the field of higher education, in particular technical, taking into account the development of STEM education, involves a review of the concept of training specialists in each specific field of activity, therefore, the modernization of the content of education requires updating the educational and methodological base (goals, content, methods, forms and means), through which modern innovative approaches will be implemented in the future. The experimental component of the study of physical phenomena has developed due to an increase in the number of different types of experiments (quantitative and qualitative) in physical experiments using STEM technologies (new physical kits, ICT, 3‑D modeling, etc.). Taking into account modern trends and the main directions of improvement of the educational process, a methodology for teaching physical and technical disciplines was created, which is aimed at effectively familiarizing students with the basics of physics, which is necessary for further study of the disciplines of a professional direction and should be aimed not only at high-quality, scientifically and methodologically justified teaching of the content of its basics, which is provided by the educational activity of the teacher but also mainly at the activation of independent educational and research activities of students. Such a method should develop and stimulate interest in knowledge and understanding of Physics, their application in explaining the phenomena and processes of the microcosm and the surrounding world as a whole, and give students an effective system of knowledge, skills and abilities, and form a scientific outlook. The results of the conducted comparative experiment to identify the effectiveness of the proposed method of teaching physical and technical disciplines in the context of STEM education showed that the level of formation of physical knowledge, abilities and skills of students of higher education in the control groups is lower than the corresponding level in the experimental groups. The critical value determined according to the table for the level of significance accepted in pedagogical research is ; , that is , and on the basis of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov criterion leads to the conclusion , that is (0.035 > 0.0003), that is, the developed method of teaching physical and technical disciplines in the conditions of the development of STEM education is more effective than the existing one.

ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ КАЧЕСТВА ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ МОДЕЛИ «УНИВЕРСИТЕТ 3.0»

The article analyzes institutional models of ‘a modern university’, tasks, functions and features of higher education institutions in the context of the “University 3.0” concept, which envisages integration between commercialization of educational achievements, science, innovation and research in higher education institutions, as well as modernization and development of higher education system in our republic, as well as internationalization of the academic education network. The stages of change for transition to a university - entrepreneurship (3.0) depending on transformational processes observed in the current higher education system, have been justified. Opening of venture funds and banks ensuring secured benefits and introduction of a mechanism for providing special incentives to residents who deal with commercializing existing innovative developments and accommodating residents with innovative research and production centers (Technoparks) established at universities, has been recommended on the basis of advanced universities.

CURRENT TRENDS IN CENTRAL ASIAN HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEMS

Due to the ongoing global and regional economic, political and social processes, educational systems of several Central Asian countries (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan), once being parts of a unified educational system, have been drifting away from each other, transforming in their unique ways, under the pressure of their local circumstances. The article discusses the evolution and the current state of higher education institutions (HEI) in Central Asian countries, concentrating on such topics as the accessibility of tertiary education, its funding, digitalization, global mobility, and accreditation processes. The systems are analyzed and compared within the given categories. The purpose of this article is to characterize some trends in the development of higher education systems in these countries, which are characteristic of the current period of their political and social development.

EMERGING ISSUES AND CHALLENGES OF HIGHER EDUCATIONS IN INDIA

India’s higher education system is the world’s third largest in terms of students, next to China and the United States. Unlike China, however, India has the advantage of English being the primary language of higher education and research. India educates approximately 11 per cent of its youth in higher education as compared to 20 per cent in China. The main governing body at the tertiary level is the UGC (University Grants Commission) in India, which enforces its standards, advises the government, and helps coordinate between the centre and the state. Universities and its constituent colleges are the main institutes of higher education in India. Higher education makes individual free from ignorance and superstitions, it is the directive to bridge the knowledge gap between countries and communities enriching dialogues between people, culture, international living and networking of ideas, research and technologies.It is the quality of higher education that decides the quality of human resources of the country. This paper highlights the issues and challenges which are the real hindrances for harmonious development in higher education system and the suggestions for overcoming it because the quality higher education can only eliminate the root of the problems.

The Faculty of Medicine of the University of Maribor – the first ten years

The establishment of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Maribor in the year 2003 and the beginning of a pedagogical process in the 2004/2005 academic year are those important points in the development of higher education system and growth of the local hospital which present an important achievement for the University of Maribor, health care, town and also the Republic of Slovenia. In the year when the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Maribor celebrates its tenth anniversary of operating, and in the year when the town Maribor records the 850th anniversary of its first written mention (1164, Castrum Marburch) the jubilee is getting a touch of a new milestone. In ten years the Faculty of Medicine has travelled its way to a contemporary, European comparable university study, faced Bologna reform and with relocation to the new construction in the direct vicinity of the fundamental educational base - today the University Medical Centre Maribor – ensured the foundation for further development, especially for expansion of the basic research activity.
 Telling is a piece of information that in our faculty more than 250 physicians have successfully completed their studies and who, in the period of extremly hard social and economic circumstances, with increasing frequency are looking for their opportunity for work and professional development abroad although they are very much needed at home, for one of the important reasons for the establishment of the second medical faculty in Slovenia was distinctly lack of physicians. The faculty has with the postgraduate study programme Biomedical technology offered also a contemporary doctoral study which to the ambitious, eager for new knowledge enables to realize numerous ideas, all with a purpose to facilitate as qualitative health care as can be. More than fourty Doctors of Science are already realizing their ideas, numerous among them have already been habilitated and are our esteemed professors who follow their predecessors.
 In front of our faculty there are numerous challenges - ten years is for such an institution a short period but a cross section of previous achievements which we, numerous authors, have gathered in this monography of which the outcome we expect on the celebration of the faculty, yet everything shows also new directions of development. Excellence on all levels is that which has to make us different, competitive to faculties with long tradition, we need to remain always a step ahead of others with the programme as much as with the pedagogical approaches and equipment. And importantly we need to open up into the world. Tasks for a new decade or perhaps more of them?

Educational dominant of the information economy development: a case of Latvia for Ukraine

Introduction. In recent years, digitalization is one of the defining trends of the development in the leading countries of the world. The development of information economy is influenced by a combination of factors; however, the most powerful is an educational dominant. The higher education institutions (HEIs) carry out training activities for information economy, the development of digital skills of the personnel, as well as carrying out studies of the personnel’s digital skills, and conducting research, generating innovations and their transfer to the real sector of economy. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the impact of higher education on the dynamics of information economy on the example of Latvia with further identification of the best practices and their adaptation to the Ukrainian social and economic conditions. The research methodology is conditioned by the implementation of the in-depth comparative analysis of the development of higher education systems in Latvia and Ukraine; within the study, were used the method of constructing cubic regression models of the relationship between indicators. The hypothesis: 1) there is an objective interaction between the level of economic development of the country and the amount of public funding for higher education; 2) the information economy development is largely determined by the level of higher education development, and funding for research at HEIs. Results. The study revealed the following constraints on the development of the national higher education system: complex geopolitical, demographic, migration situation, which affects the parameters of the student body of HEIs; low competitiveness level of HEIs in the global educational services market; low level of financial autonomy of HEIs; lack of financing, low level of diversification of the financing sources for HEIs, etc. These problems negatively affect the pace of the information economy development in Ukraine. The authors proved that the Latvian experience in the implementation of the digitalization strategy could be useful for Ukraine, because of some similar economic, social, mental, historic conditions and factors of development of both countries. The calculations on the econometric models of relationship between funding and basic indicators of higher education development in Ukraine and Latvia showed: the amount of funding for higher education systems does not depend on the number of HEIs; the number of students depends on the amount of public funding (this indicates the important role of the state in the higher education development, in increasing the level of accessibility of higher education for citizens); close relationship between the amount of funding for higher education and the number of graduate students; positive trend in funding for higher education. Conclusions. The authors conclude that strengthening the impact of the educational dominant on the information economy development requires: ensuring a proactive position of HEIs (by modernizing their educational, research and innovation activities); activating the role of the government sector in protection of intellectual property, stimulating the development of innovatively active enterprises and their cooperation with universities, involving investments in the development of the HEIs’ innovative infrastructure, commercialization of innovative results of the research in the real sector of the economy.

The Development of Higher Education System in Turkmenistan: Current Social, Economic, and Political Changes

The article analyzes the transformation of higher education system in Turkmenistan. The aim of the research is to evaluate the prospects of Russian higher education export to Turkmenistan taking into account the peculiarities of Turkmen higher education system and the main trends affecting it. The role of the state and the influence of global trends on Turkmen higher education system in 1991 - 2020 are estimated based on the coordination model and the concept of higher education internationalization. Since Turkmenistan as well as many other countries aims at increasing its universities’ popularity in the world, the article also considers the degree of internal and external higher education internationalization. Taking into consideration the peculiarities of the national economy of Turkmenistan, the political system, and the power balance in Central Asia, the author seeks to forecast the development of Turkmen higher education system. The article concludes that there is a significant potential for increasing the export of Russian higher education services to Turkmenistan. However, Russian universities need to explore the peculiarities of the country and elaborate suitable methods of work with Turkmen school-leavers.

ПОРІВНЯЛЬНИЙ АНАЛІЗ НАПРЯМІВ ІСТОРИЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ СИСТЕМ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ УКРАЇНИ ТА ГРУЗІЇ

The article provides a comparative analysis of the historical development of higher education systems in Ukraine and Georgia. It is stated that the history of the formation and development of higher education in Ukraine and Georgia have much in common. Thus, the end of the 19th - the first decade of the 20th century (origin and active development of higher women’s education), the Soviet period, the path taken by Georgia in the period of 1917-1921 have much in common with the destiny of Ukraine. 1921-1941 is a period of significant achievements of the Georgian and Ukrainian science, both in the humanities and in the natural sciences, while the 1990s, when the collapse of the Soviet system and the disintegration of the former Soviet Union destroyed all links between universities and labor markets, led to the stagnation of educational systems, including higher education in both Georgia and Ukraine. The paper argues that modern Georgia is gradually moving from a centralized governance structure to a decentralized, liberal (Western) model of education thanks to the broad support of the country’s intelligentsia, which recognizes the need for radical reforms in higher education aiming to provide professionals for all the fields of human activities. The article defines the reform activity as a determining factor in the success of modernization, i.e. the transition from thoughtless copying of Western educational models to the identification of internal reserves and patterns of transformation of educational space and their balanced adaptation to the challenges of globalized society. To successfully complete the reforms, the authors propose a number of areas for change.

Accreditation in European higher education from the comparative perspective: Slovenia and the Netherlands

ABSTRACT This article addresses quality assurance in European higher education from the perspective of accreditation. To reduce the bias in favour of comparative research of Western (European) countries, it investigates which practices are attached to accreditation in Slovenian and Dutch higher education and identifies on this basis key similarities and differences in its development and implementation. First, it explores accreditation procedures in national steering documents of each country. Second, it addresses its implementation in practice with the support from results obtained with interviews. Results showcase that in the past five years, both countries made significant changes to the accreditation framework to increase institutional responsibility for quality assurance procedures. However, accreditation also became an efficient tool for national (political) actors, to guide the development of higher education systems in the direction of more or less control and, hence, to challenge the promotion of institutional quality culture in both cases examined.

Forming intercultural communication skills in students of non-language universities

The relevance of this article derives from the consideration of the problem of development of students’ intercultural communication skills under significant influence of the globalization process on the development of higher education system, especially in those universities where there is a rapid growth of the export of learning services. Foreign language is thought of as the main means of intercultural communication. The object of this paper is to analyze the process of formation of intercultural communication, modern value attitudes towards foreign culture and its bearers among students with allowance for the reality of learning experiences in an agricultural university. The consideration of this issue made it possible to determine modern methods and forms of work in practical classes in a foreign language which will facilitate a solution to the problem. The authors of the article point out that industrial work placement abroad is an effective tool to develop intercultural communication skills. The role of a teacher is considered to be a key one in the formation of students’ intercultural communication skills.

Extra-budgetary income inequality of Russia's leading universities as a regional skewness indicator

Subject. This article discusses the issues of regional differentiation within the context of the Russian higher education system's development. Objectives. The article aims to develop a methodology for researching regional asymmetric development based on an analysis of university's extra-budgetary revenues. Methods. For the study, we used the system and statistical analyses, and generalization. Results. The article presents a methodology for diagnosing the asymmetric economic development of regions based on an analysis of the income of universities holding the top positions in various rankings. Conclusions and Relevance. Changes in the university's percentage of extra-budgetary income depend on its location. The research materials can be used for further research into the scientific and practical problems of regional asymmetric development.

Certain aspects of the system of public administration of universities: World practices and the Ukrainian dimension

The article deals with determining ways to improve the system of public administration of educational institutions in order to ensure competitiveness. Were analysed the main trends in the regulatory support for the activities of higher education institutions in the article, as a result of which the basic innovations of the Law of Ukraine “On Higher Education”, which became the basis for the formation of systems of academic mobility, virtue and autonomy, were defined. The main problems of development of higher education system in Ukraine were identified, consisting of imperfect management mechanisms, inefficient system of financing and incomplete implementation of processes of academic autonomy defined by law. The main approaches to reforming the higher education system in Ukraine were analysed, as a result of which the role of the public administration system in the regulation and coordination of higher education institutions were determined. Today this system is not flexible and therefore cannot be effective. The creation of approaches to the rating of higher education institutions determines the format of redistribution of funds in the system of state financing of education. This system will motivate educational institutions to improve the quality of the educational process, research activities, academic mobility, partnerships, the level of material and technical resources of the educational process, the level of employment of graduates in the specialty and the like. These indicators provide motivation to improve the performance of higher education institutions, but do not fully solve the problem of lack of funding, in particular for innovation. Low pay for faculty members also affects the educational process negatively. Thus, the article gives recommendations on the possibility of increasing the effectiveness of the system of state management of universities, which consists in creating opportunities to attract financial resources of partners of higher educational institutions, cooperation of education and business, simplification of the system of development of grants and financial cooperation with foreign educational institutions

The formation of civic position of university students from the perspective of the Federal State Educational Standards of Higher Education

This article analyzes the Federal State Educational Standards of Higher Education from the perspective of substantive component that contributes to the formation of civic qualities and civic position of the students. It is noted that in modern political and socioeconomic life, the Russian Federation gives priority to the development of youth activity in the conditions of building civilian, democratic and constitutional state. Young people should be competent in order to be engaged in the country’s socially useful events to the fullest and make conscious political choice.  Higher education institutions play a considerable role in preparing educated and critically minded citizens, who possess high level of responsibility and patriotism. The goal of this article is to establish the the pedagogical conditions for the formation of civic position of students of higher education institutions. Analysis of the standards and existing normative legal acts allowed outlining the key priorities vectors in the development of higher education system of the Russian Federation. One of the crucial tasks of higher education system is to improve competitiveness of higher education institutions of the Russian Federation, as well as develop general cultural and professional competencies of future specialists. However, despite legislative consolidation on the federal level of the importance of development of civic position, the direct requirements for the results of formation of civic position among students are indicated only in part of the Federal State Educational Standards for Higher Education.

Исследование отдельных аспектов формирования человеческого капитала в Дальневосточном федеральном округе (оценка динамики системы высшего образования)

Relevance. The study of human capital is currently one of the topical areas of research in the field of socio-economic development of territories and business entities on it. At the same time, in our study, special attention was paid to the consideration of the education sector as a factor influencing the level of development and competitiveness of a modern organization, a municipality, a region, or a state. The purpose of this study is to analyze the main trends in the development of higher education system by assessing the dynamics of the student population. Objectives: to study the main factors of human capital formation and development; to conduct an analytical study of indicators of monitoring of higher education organizations of the Far Eastern Federal District by the given contingent of students, on the basis of which to highlight the main factor of human capital formation, determined by the systemic role of the university in the regional and national development. Methodology. The information-empirical base of the study was formed by the analytical materials of the monitoring of higher education institutions in the Far Eastern Federal District. The research methods include synthesis, dynamic analysis and statistical method. Results. Based on the monitoring of universities in the Far Eastern Federal District, we assessed the distribution of the reduced student contingent in terms of districts and universities. It was found that the reduced contingent tends to decrease everywhere, except for medical specialized universities in the Far Eastern Federal University and the Churapchi State Institute of Physical Culture and Sports. Conclusion. In general, the analytical study of the main factor of human capital formation on the basis of monitoring of universities in the Far Eastern Federal District, identified as the main problem – the reduction of the reduced number of students, which in comparison with the Russian average indicators is faster. In addition, among the main problems of human capital decrease are still: the low level of innovative activity of organizations, insufficient funding of research and development. Such dynamics on the one hand indicates the concentration of the contingent of students in the leading universities, on the other hand a high degree of migration.

Problems of Modernization of Professional Preparation of the Students of Pedagogical Higher Education Institutions

The article touches upon the problems of modernizing the professional preparation of the students of pedagogical Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). It proves that the deepening of market relations and the contemporary level of the development of public life put great demands on the HEIs in terms of preparing highly qualified specialists. Due to the socio-economic transformations, it is required that the entire education system of pedagogical HEIs should be reformed and a new graduate model should be elaborated. Among the significant problems, the authors single out the modernization of the system of the specialist preparation, the elaboration of new integrated educational strategies, models and technologies for the development of higher education systems, mutual understanding and collaboration among various education systems. Therefore the issues of the future specialists’ professional competency, reflective teaching/learning, the development of meta-competences, competitiveness and media literacy come to the fore. The solution to these problems implies a change in the requirements of the HEI graduate model, approaches and expected outcomes. The problem of developing a new methodology for the preparation of specialists in pedagogy at HEIs and improving the quality of the professional preparation should be considered in terms of functional, systematic, cultural, competence and anthropological approaches. The article provides justification for the claim that the process of the future pedagogues’ professional preparation should be regarded as the integrity of interrelated structural components, including the aim, content, management, operation, outcome. The effectiveness of the professional preparation at contemporary pedagogical HEIs is conditioned by certain managerial functions, principles, methods, implementation of innovations into the management of the higher education policy and the modernization of the content of the graduate model. The article presents social pedagogical conditions for the effective preparation of the HEI students and highlights a number of factors that contribute to the effectiveness of this process.