Development Of High-tech Industries Research Articles

Research of the fiscal and tax policies of High - tech industry in Northeast China

In recent years, the high-tech industry has become an important driving force for economic development, and it has become an important subject to study the fiscal and tax policies suitable for the development of local high-tech industry. This paper constructs a fixed-effects linear regression model with unbalanced panel data by selecting data related to high-tech industries listed in China in three northeastern provinces to empirically test the effects of fiscal subsidies and tax incentives on innovation inputs, outputs and economic benefits of enterprises. The result show that fiscal policies mainly motivate the development of high-tech industry R&D and innovation output, and the tax policies motivate the development of hightech industry R&D and economic benefit. The fiscal and tax policies have different effect to different enterprises, private enterprises will develop better than state-owned enterprises. To motivate the development of high-tech industry, government should formulate fiscal and tax programs according to the effects of fiscal and tax policies in different stages of the industrial chain, determine the leading methods, adjust the content of the existing fiscal and tax policies according to the characteristics of enterprises. The innovation point of this paper is to analyze the relationship between innovation R&D input, innovation output and revenue and fiscal policy related to high-tech industry from the perspective of complete industrial chain, and systematically compare the effect of existing fiscal policy and tax policy in three northeastern provinces, which provide a reference for future research related to the development of regional high-tech industry.

Evaluating high-tech industries' technological innovation capability and spatial pattern evolution characteristics: Evidence from China

The development of high-tech industries in an open economy has become an inevitable requirement for all countries to enhance their competitive advantages and overall national strength. Technological innovation is a direct driving force for promoting high-tech industries’ development. The technological innovation capability of China's high-tech industries over 2010–2019 was measured using factor analysis. Moreover, the spatial pattern and evolution characteristics of the technological innovation capability of high-tech industries were analyzed using the Moran index. The empirical results demonstrate that: (1) during the research period, the technological innovation capability of China's high-tech industries rose, but regional development was uncoordinated. Input-output and transformation guarantee capacities were the main factors influencing technological innovation. (2) Improvements in the technological innovation capability of China's high-tech industries were spread over the southeast coast to the central and southwest regions. The technological innovation capabilities of high-tech industries in different regions exhibited an evident spatial correlation. The spatial agglomeration distribution is relatively stable, mainly characterized by “Low-Low” (L-L) agglomeration. This study offers managerial enlightenment for improving the technological innovation capability of high-tech industries to accelerate industrial development to the middle and high end of the global value chain.

Adaptability Study of Higher Vocational Education Enabling the Transformation and Upgrading of Manufacturing Industry --Equipment Manufacturing Industry in Guangdong Province as an Example

Guangdong is the first economic province in China, and by the end of 2022, the GDP of Guangdong Province has ranked first in the country for 34 consecutive years. Since the "14th Five-Year Plan", Guangdong Province has vigorously developed the manufacturing industry, insisted on the manufacturing industry as the leader, focused on the development of advanced manufacturing industry and high-tech manufacturing industry, promoted the development of the industrial structure to a higher level, and initially formed a "one nucleus, one belt, one area" manufacturing industry synergistic development pattern, in the In terms of scale strength, innovation level and foreign trade cooperation, Guangdong manufacturing is in the national leading level. In the new stage of development, Guangdong manufacturing is in urgent need of transformation and upgrading to reshape its competitive advantages. Vocational education shoulders the important mission of serving regional economic development, and the development of vocational education can provide strong talent support for the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry. Through the integration of industry and education, it is conducive to promoting the technological research and development and product innovation of enterprises, and enhancing the competitiveness of enterprises in the international market, so as to empower the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry in Guangdong Province.

Foreign direct investments and participation in global value chains: New evidence from advanced manufacturing industries in Central and Eastern Europe

Foreign direct investments (FDIs) and trade within global value chains (GVC) have been considered one of the most important vehicles of economic development and competitiveness, especially for countries in transition. The countries of Central and Eastern Europe are competing to attract not only high amounts of FDI inflows but they also put emphasis on the FDIs’ sectoral structure. FDI inflows into advanced industries can represent the basis of technological development that will lead to the creation of a greater number of high-skill jobs and a higher level of innovation, thereby influencing the reduction of the economic gap in relation to developed countries. This study aims to explore the importance of FDI inward stock for GVC participation in the advanced manufacturing industries in eleven EU member states that transferred to market economies in the 1990s and attracted vast amounts of FDI inflows since then. The dynamic panel data analysis results indicate the importance of FDI inward stock in the manufacturing industry for the GVC participation in advanced manufacturing industries across this set of countries while also stressing the important implications of manufacturing share in GDP changes for these industries’ backward GVC participation. The findings confirm a positive association between attracting FDI in the manufacturing sector and GVC integration in advanced manufacturing industries. Such FDI targeting can be a vehicle for internationalization and development of high-tech and knowledge-based industries.

Organizational and economic mechanisms for in-firm planning in the ecosystem management model for industrial complexes

This paper analyses modern forms of joint activities based on principles of cross-industry interaction and assesses their potential for implementation in the industrial production process. The focus is on identifying problems and obstacles in the adoption of new methods and developing proposals for their elimination. Additionally, the paper justifies the relevance of developing a complex enterprise management system for the development of high-tech industries based on the mechanism of industrial ecosystems and metaverses. The authors elaborate on the tasks that must be solved to develop and implement a complex enterprise management system. Furthermore, the article evaluates the potential of using new methods for the production of critical products in crisis situations.

Application of Intelligent Digitization in the Design and Production Process of Injection Molding Machine

The combination of industrial information technology, automation technology and design and manufacturing technology can not only give full play to the advantages of existing technology, but also optimize the process technology and practical operation skills of injection molding machines, ensure the accuracy and simplicity of precision processing processes, and improve the quality and efficiency of products. On the other hand, it can also effectively guide the urgently needed intelligent manufacturing talents in China, promote the career transformation of universities, ensure the full use of talents, and promote the technological development of high-tech industries. In this paper, the author makes a detailed analysis and research on the application of intelligent digitization in the production and assembly of injection molding machines, hoping to provide conditions for the current production and assembly of injection molding machines.

Regional ecosystem of technological entrepreneurship: Model and methodology for assessing performance (the case of the Novgorod region)

The article proposes a model of a multi-level regional ecosystem of technological entrepreneurship and a methodology for assessing its effectiveness. The problems of innovative development of high-tech industries are significant, but only a small part of first-time entrepreneurs associate their businesses with high technology. In Russia, only 3% of startups emerge at universities. The most favorable environment for the development of technological entrepreneurship is entrepreneurial ecosystems covering university, regional and sectoral levels. The article focuses on the formation of technological entrepreneurship ecosystems in the regions that generate business projects with a high potential for market success. Using the ecosystem approach, the theory of entrepreneurship, the structural and functional typology of economic systems, the study discusses a methodical approach to the creation and development of regional ecosystems of student technological entrepreneurship. The paper shows the object, project, process, and environmental elements of the regional ecosystem of student technological entrepreneurship. Methodology for assessment of the performance of regional ecosystems of student technological entrepreneurship is proposed, including assessment at the level of university (the effectiveness of educational technologies, programs, climate, and infrastructure), industry and the region. The results are significant for the formation of an optimally functioning economy in the current conditions, the acceleration of import substitution, and the achievement of the country's technological sovereignty.

ПОСИЛЕННЯ МОТИВАЦІЙНОЇ РОЛІ ЗАРОБІТНОЇ ПЛАТИ: ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ

It is argued that the war on the territory of Ukraine stimulated the departure process of Ukraini-ans mainly of working age and children abroad. The post-war economic recovery of Ukraine may face labour shortages and economic stagnation. The low level of wages in Ukraine, destruction of housing, social and industrial infrastructure becomes and obstacle to the return of migrants. The war has exac-erbated the problem of balancing the labour market. The growth in the number of unemployed and migration flows actualizes the problem of the wages level in Ukraine.The article considers modern experience of the countries of the world in terms of motivation of high labour productivity using the wages, the possibility of adapting best remuneration practices in the world in order to develop a motivational mechanism for remuneration in the post-war period of the recovery of Ukraine, namely: increasing the share of group forms of bonuses, systems of payment for knowledge and qualifications, development of flexible systems of benefits for employees of enterprises and social protection, participation in the enterprise management and equity.In the article, the functions of wages, the possibility of changing them, taking into account the imbalance of supply and demand for labour in Ukraine during the war and the post-war period in Ukraine. The issue of increasing wages as a result of the implementation of managerial competencies of managers at various levels is updated.The ways to increase the motivational role of the labour remuneration in terms of creating eco-nomic opportunities to increase the employees’ wages by increasing investment attractiveness of Ukraine, structural adjustment of the economy from the production of raw materials and their export to the development of high-tech industries; improvement of the tariff system and labour rationing in com-pliance with the equal wages principle for equal labour contribution; practice of forms of the employees’ participation in the enterprise management and share capital; development of mechanisms for collective and contractual regulation of labour remuneration, forms of collective bonuses are formulated..

СПЕЦИФИКА НЕПРЕРЫВНОЙ ПОДГОТОВКИ КАДРОВ ДЛЯ IT-ОТРАСЛИ В СИСТЕМЕ «ШКОЛА — ВУЗ — ПРЕДПРИЯТИЕ»

Currently, Russian scientists and specialists face important tasks related to the process of digitalization of the economy and the need to accelerate the rate of development of high-tech industries, increase the competitiveness of domestic goods and services, and ensure the technological independence of the country. To solve these problems, it is necessary, first of all, to ensure continuous advanced training of qualified personnel for the modern labor market within digital economy. The paper reflects the current issues of modernization of the Russian education system taking into account the challenges of digital transformation. The problems of training qualified IT specialists and possible ways to make up for personnel shortfall in the IT industry are outlined. The activities carried out in educational institutions for the purpose of mastering relevant digital competencies by students are described. An innovative model of continuous training “school — university — enterprise” in the areas of digital economy has been developed and tested. The image of an IT-class graduate is revealed, representing a mobile, constantly self-improving personality with a set of digital competencies necessary for full participation in socially significant activities in a dynamically changing information society. The tasks are considered and the results of career guidance work with students of educational institutions are presented. The conclusion is made about the effectiveness of the implemented educational project for the development of the digital economy.

Космический комплекс России как многоагентная система с высокой компонентой инновационной активности

Currently, the process of managing the space complex of the Russian Federation is undergoing significant changes due to the activation of private investors in the field of high-tech innovations. Аn economic and statistical analysis of the possibilities of ensuring the sustainable development of high-tech industries in the Russian Federation was carried out; their main indicators of innovation activity in the period from 2017 to 2021 were considered. Because of the analysis, it is concluded that public-private partnership in high-tech production allows maintaining a favorable investment climate in knowledge-intensive sectors of the economy, increasing the pace of economic development, as well as maintaining competitive positions in the market.

Research on the Impact of High-tech Industry Development on Regional Economic Growth

Research on the Impact of High-tech Industry Development on Regional Economic Growth

Influence of Environmental Regulation on the International Competitiveness of the High-Tech Industry: Evidence from China

Environmental regulation has become a significant way to achieve sustainable development. Taking the panel data of China’s high-tech industries from 2007–2016 in 30 provinces and cities as a sample, regression models are established to study the impact of three different types of environmental regulations on international competitiveness and the moderating effect of R&D (research & development) investment. The results show that the impact of environmental regulations on the international competitiveness of high-tech industries is related to the type of environmental regulation. There is a significant negative correlation between economic environmental regulation (EER) and the international competitiveness of high-tech industries, and R&D investment has a significant inhibitory effect on the relationship between the two. For both commanding environmental regulation (CER) and participatory environmental regulation (PER), R&D investment plays a significant moderating role in environmental regulation and the international competitiveness of high-tech industries. The impact of all three environmental regulations on R&D investment was positive but not significant. Finally, based on these research conclusions, a few countermeasures and suggestions are discussed for the formulation of China’s environmental regulation policies and the development of high-tech industries.

FACTORS FOR PROMOTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH-TECH INDUSTRIES OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY OF UKRAINE

In the study, attention is updated to the issues of formation and implementation of an effective state policy of ensuring the stimulation of the development of high-tech industries as a leading factor in strengthening the competitiveness of the national economy. The purpose of the study is to identify the factors stimulating the development of high-tech industries in the national economy of Ukraine. It is argued that the state of development of high-tech industries in Ukraine at the pre-war stage of the functioning and development of its economy was not high, and in the conditions of a full-scale war and a critically difficult business environment, post-war recovery takes on an even more pessimistic scenario. The shortcomings and problematic aspects of activation of innovative and technological activity in Ukraine are pointed out. Using the method of correlation-regression multivariate analysis based on the data of the EU-27 countries regarding the numerical values of the sub-indices of the Global Innovation Index, the Global Talent Competitiveness Index and the World Digital Competitiveness Index, the factors influencing innovative technological development and economic growth were identified. The key directions and areas of destabilization of the development of high-tech industries, as well as the tools for managing the innovative and technological activities of enterprises in Ukraine in the conditions of war and post-war recovery, have been determined. A list of institutional and organizational measures implemented in the regions of Ukraine aimed at stimulating the development of innovative technological activities and high-tech industries is provided. Factors stimulating the development of the high-tech industry sector in Ukraine have been identified.

К вопросу о состоянии энергосбережения и повышении энергоэффективности: зарубежный и российский опыт

Elaboration of measures and patterns to increase energy efficiency appears as one of the priority objectives of the world economy and is aimed at solving environmental problems associated with energy consumption and climate changes. The paper deals with the issue of the impact of economic growth and structural changes on the energy intensity of territories. Empirical studies highlight a significant influence of macroeconomic, demographic and political factors on changes in the energy intensity of economies. Russia has significant capacity for improving energy efficiency, primarily in the electricity and housing sectors. The released fossil fuels can be exported, reduce emissions into the atmosphere, and, as a result, improve life quality. A consistent reduction in the consumption of fuel and energy resources due to the transition to a new technological order is demonstrated by electric power industry, manufacturing industry and transport sector. It is noted that for Russia the transition from raw-material economic model to innovative one is a priority for sustainable development. To overcome the causes of low energy efficiency and realize the existing potential, it is necessary to intensify the state policy both at the regional and federal levels. At the same time, saving energy and increasing energy efficiency cannot reduce energy intensity of GDP/GRP without high economic rates. The paper analyses the influence of the gross regional product structure on energy consumption in the Rostov region as well as the characteristics of the economic structure and electricity consumption of the region. It is noted that service sector and high-tech industries development, investment in environmental technologies will allow the Rostov region to move to an energy-efficient model of economic growth.

Two approaches for modelling of digital technological innovation in achieving defect-free electronics production

The issues of innovative development of high-tech industries are considered. The aim of this development is defect-free production. The achievement of the goal is due to the introduction of technological innovations within the framework of the concept of global technological changes, proposed by Carlotta Perez as a development of the theory of Kondratyev’s cycles. The article discusses the statistical and structural approaches for the implementation of technological innovation. A formalized representation of the formation and selection of functionally necessary and functionally sufficient structures is given. The above approaches are considered in relation to the processes of surface mounting of printed circuit boards. The elements of technology and the possibilities of their improvement in the context of digitalization of processes are considered.

Analysis of the Influence of International Economic and Trade Development on China's Economy

The development of international economy and trade is characterized by internationalization of production, liberalization of trade and regional integration. In order to realize the better development of China's social economy and enhance its international competitiveness and influence, we need to be aware of the positive effects of international economic and trade development on China's economy, such as attracting foreign investment, optimizing industrial structure, and developing foreign trade economy, as well as the negative effects of domestic economic development, such as international economic fluctuations, difficulties in introducing foreign companies, and difficulties in the development of labor-intensive industries. We should strengthen the development of high-tech industries, strengthen the development and utilization of talents, and create a reasonable foreign trade development mechanism, so as to ensure better economic development.

A chitosan-based Y3+-imprinted hydrogel with reversible thermo-responsibility for the recovery of rare earth metal

Recovery of rare earth metal is a global concern for resource-efficient application and high-tech industry development. In this study, a new Y3+ adsorbent, namely chitosan-based Y3+-imprinted hydrogel with reversible thermo-responsibility (CYIT) was synthesized, using Y3+ as the template ion. The obtained CYIT was comprehensively characterized by means of DSC, FTIR, LRS, TGA, SEM, and XPS. As revealed from the results, CYIT possesses stable reversible thermo-responsibility confirmed by the phase transition temperature ranging from 29.2 °C to 38.4 °C. Its maximum adsorption capacity on Y3+ is up to 160.0 mg/g, much higher than the corresponding performance of similar hydrogels. More significantly, this type of adsorbent could be effectively regenerated by simply leaching with cold water and the desorption efficiency reached 96.2 % after wash by cold water at 15 °C for 25 min. Besides, the remarkable reusability should also be highlighted, for the adsorption capacity and desorption efficiency remained as 124.8 mg/g and 90.0 %, respectively, after five adsorption–desorption cycles. In the coexistence of other interfering metal ions (including La3+, Gd3+, Cu2+, Al3+, and Fe3+), CYIT also exhibited better adsorption selectivity than the corresponding adsorbent without Y3+-imprinting.

Rapid Evaluation of Material Surface Modification by a Dielectric Barrier Discharge Based on Fluorescence Coloring and Image Processing Technologies.

In recent years, improving the surface properties of large-scale insulation by plasma modification has attracted extensive attention with the development of power systems and high-tech industries. However, routine evaluations of the modification effect and uniformity require complicated tests after the plasma is powered off, which waste a lot of time and cannot regulate the modification effect online. In this study, a novel fluorescence-assisted dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) for fabricating a functional film is developed, and a rapid evaluation method of the modification effect and uniformity is proposed based on fluorescence coloring and image processing technologies. The results show that the addition of an organic fluorescent agent in the DBD with hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) has no negative effect on the plasma discharge and modification effect, and the fluorescence-assisted DBD successfully fabricates the functional films with typical chromogenic groups (N-H and S═O) that exhibit typical fluorescence under an UV lamp. According to image processing and parameter extraction, the plasma-assisted fluorescent film is converted into a two-dimensional (2D) color map with nine color levels, and three characteristic parameters are proposed to evaluate the modification effect rapidly and directly. It shows that the warmer the color of the treated sample, the better the hydrophobicity and electrical insulating properties, where the red region represents the optimally modified surface, while the blue region represents the worst one. The area, shape, and integrity of the plasma modification are clarified quantificationally, which provides the possibility of further online evaluation of the modification effect and uniformity by the plasma treatment.

Technological policy of the state

The article analyzes the process of state management of high-tech projects in various sectors of the economy, provided for by strategic and program documents of the state, with the direct participation of large Russian corporations. The subject of the study is the sovereign technological policy of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the article is to reveal the strategic goals of the technological policy of the state. Materials and methods. To study the role of the state in the development of high-tech projects in various sectors of the economy, system analysis, methods of analysis and synthesis were used. Results. The directions and main participants of the technological policy of Russia are systematized. Conclusions. The results of the analysis of Russia's technological policy demonstrated the ability of the state and business to achieve the goal for the development of high-tech industries on a sovereign technological base in the prevailing military-geopolitical and economic conditions. Application. The results obtained can be used to analyze the public management of high-tech sectors of the Russian economy.

Information and digital transformation of high-tech industries as a source of industrial growth in the United States

The relevance of the study is due to the global trends in the formation of a knowledge economy focused on the actively developing core of high-tech industries of industrial production, as well as knowledge-intensive and innovative-active sectors of the economy associated with their development in the context of changing technological and world economic structures. The sources of the strategic post-crisis spatio-temporal evolution of this core in the United States, which form a set of effects that positively affect economic growth, are cognizable by assessing the dynamic development of high-tech industries in the period 2011–2020, are the key areas of reindustrialization that have replaced the deindustrial-globalist paradigm of development. The purpose of the study is to identify and evaluate various sources of growth in high-tech economic activities that form the material basis for the reindustrialization of the United States (sources of industrial growth) and, associated with them, the territorial distribution of high-tech sectors of the American economy. The methodological tools used in this paper, based on the indicator of company revenue in its ten-year dynamics, made it possible to fully or partially confirm a number of research hypotheses put forward about the advantages of high-tech industries of the American economy in the structure of US economic growth over the past decade. The identified sources of growth, analyzed in the dynamics of the revenue of American high-tech companies and the territorial differentiation of the US geo-economic and geo-innovation space, to a certain extent, are reflected in the strategic measures implemented by the government and large businesses in the field of stimulating the development of relevant industries based on NBIC technologies and digital transformation.