Development Of Health Programs Research Articles

COMPARISON BETWEEN VISUAL ASSESSMENT AND MEASUREMENT OF HEART GIRTH OR HIP-WIDTH TO ESTIMATE LIVE WEIGHT IN CROSSBRED BEEF HEIFERS

<p><strong>Background.</strong> Estimation of animal body weight (BW) is a fundamental tool in herd management for the development of reproductive, nutritional and health programmes. <strong>Objective.</strong> To compare the actual BW and its estimation by visual method and measurement of the heart girth (HG) or hip width (HW) for estimating BW in crossbred beef heifers reared under humid tropical conditions in Mexico. <strong>Methodology.</strong> Data on GH, HW, BW estimated by the visual method (MV) and actual BW were recorded in 105 crossbred replacement heifers (<em>Bos taurus × Bos indicus</em>) Swiss American, Beef Master, Simmental, and Brahman with different degrees of crossbreeding. Heifers ranged in age from three to 20 months and were grazed on star grass (<em>Cynodon nlemfuensis</em>) and humidicola grass (<em>Brachiaria humidicola</em>) pastures without supplementation. BW was recorded using a digital scale, HG was measured using a flexible fibreglass tape and HW was measured using a 65 cm forceps. BW by visual estimation was considered as the average of three observations made by three observers, HG and HW methods using the formula 1) BW (kg): 202.68 - 4.39 × HG + 0.03 × HG<sup>2</sup>; 2) BW (kg): 0.26 × HW<sup>1.90</sup>. The Pearson coefficient and the distribution (density) of each variable, were assessed using a correlation matrix graph. Also, a comparison the measures obtained by each of the different estimation methods with the observed weights, by inspecting the paired Bland-Altman plots, prior to logarithmic transformation. <strong>Results. </strong>Correlations between observed BW and predicted BW for the HG, HW and visual methods showed a positive and significant relationship (P<0.001), with r values of 0.95, 0.89 and 0.92, respectively. The HG method tended to overestimate the real BW, whereas, in the visual and HW methods, the values are evenly and randomly distributed around the line, indicating that these methods neither underestimated nor overestimated the BW. <strong>Implications. </strong>Although the HG method showed the highest correlation coefficient between observed and predicted BW, the result of the present study showed that visual assessment highlights the ability of observers to visually estimate the BW of growing heifers. <strong>Conclusion.</strong> Livestock handlers have a very accurate estimation of BW. The use of alternative methods to scales, such as the HG measuring method, can be useful and practical tools to improve the accuracy of the assessment. </p>

Evaluating a WeChat-Based Health Behavioral Digital Intervention for Patients With Hypertension: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Hypertension is the most prevalent chronic condition and a significant risk factor for cardiovascular and kidney diseases. The efficacy of health behavioral interventions in blood pressure (BP) control has been demonstrated by a large and expanding body of literature, with "adherence" playing a crucial role. WeChat is the most common social communication mobile app in China, and it has been shown to be an acceptable delivery platform for delivering health interventions. The WeChat-based health behavioral digital intervention program (WHBDIP) showed high feasibility and efficacy. However, the results regarding BP improvement between the WHBDIP and control groups were inconsistent. The objective of this study is to develop a WHBDIP and assess its efficacy in controlling BP and improving adherence among patients with hypertension. A 2-arm, parallel-group, and randomized trial design was used. Patients older than 60 years and with hypertension were randomly assigned to either the control group or the experimental group, which received a 12-week intervention. The program, primarily developed based on the Behavior Change Wheel (BCW) theory, offers health education on exercise, diet, BP monitoring, and medicine adherence (MA). It also includes other behavior interventions guided by an intervention manual, incorporating behavior change techniques (BCTs). The primary outcomes encompass BP and adherence indicators, while the secondary outcomes encompass cardiovascular function indicators, body composition indicators, learning performance, satisfaction, and acceptability. The exercise and blood pressure monitoring adherence (BPMA) indicators for the WHBDIP group were assessed weekly via WeChat during the initial 3 months, while other outcome data for both groups will be collected at the baseline assessment phase, 3 months after the intervention, and 1 year after the program. The trial will assess the efficacy of WHBDIP for patients with hypertension (N=68). The WHBDIP seeks to enhance participants' knowledge of healthy behaviors and assist patients in developing positive health behaviors to improve their health outcomes. Patient recruitment for individuals with hypertension commenced on September 5, 2022, and concluded on September 19, 2022. The 3-month intervention and phased data collection were finalized in January 2023. Data analysis will commence in August 2023, and the final 1-year health outcome results will be collected in September 2023. A successful WHBDIP will establish the management mode as a feasible approach for hypertension management in the community. Additionally, it will pave the way for the development of related mobile health programs. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2200062643; https://tinyurl.com/mwyv67wk. PRR1-10.2196/46883.

O.2.3-2 How to effectively develop and modify workplace health programs: case studies in UK contact centers

Abstract Purpose Workplace health programs are often implemented to improve employee health, and subsequently business outcomes (e.g., reducing absence). However, they rarely consider the full range of complexity and variability of organizational factors. This can lead to poor implementation, effectiveness and sustainability. As such, innovative methods which facilitate the development or modification of health programs while considering an organization’s unique organizational culture barriers are needed. Contact center-based organizations in particular have several organizational barriers, which create highly sedentary environments with limited opportunities for physical activity engagement. This study aims to improve the development, implementation and effectiveness of workplace health programs in contact centers by identifying and addressing these barriers. Methods This study is underpinned by the Six Steps in Quality Intervention Development framework (6SQuID). 6SQuID emphasizes co-production with stakeholders which is important in ensuring interventions are acceptable and sustainable. Four workshops were conducted in two contact center-based UK organizations over seven months. The workshops, with management, aimed to accomplish the following in each organization: 1) define the problem (with wellbeing programs) and its causal factors (organizational culture barriers), and 2) co-produce theories of change, theories of action and an action plan to address the causal factors and solve the problem. Results Organization 1 (private sector, nursing services) defined their problem as: low focus on engagement and participation in wellbeing activities. Organization 2 (public sector, emergency services) defined their problem as: wellbeing programs lack proactivity, engagement and sustainability. Each organization developed an action plan to address the causal factors of their problem and initiate their theory of change pathways (desired short, medium and long-term outcomes). Activity examples included: sanctioning time for well-being program/behaviour participation (e.g., break-taking to reduce sitting) and improving program promotion. Conclusions This study provides learnings on how to facilitate more effective development (or modification) and implementation of workplace health programs (especially those related to sedentary behaviour, physical activity and mental health) by including management in identifying and addressing organizational culture barriers. Results have the potential for application to other organizations with desk-based workers. This study is part of a University of Edinburgh-funded PhD studentship.

DIGITAL SOLUTIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CORPORATE HEALTH PROGRAMS

DIGITAL SOLUTIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CORPORATE HEALTH PROGRAMS

Integrating knowledge and action: learnings from an implementation program for food security and food sovereignty with First Nations communities within Canada

BackgroundCollaborative approaches to knowledge translation (KT) are important for advancing community-engaged research. However, there is a need for examples of participatory approaches that have effectively supported public health research, program development, and implementation with First Nations communities. To strengthen KT with communities, we proposed a set of guiding principles for participatory planning and action for local food system change. Principles emerged from a cross-community analysis of Learning Circles: Local Healthy Food to School (LC:LHF2S) a participatory program (2015–2019) for Indigenous food system action. The objective was to identify guiding principles for participatory planning and action from key learnings and successes on scaling-up of the Learning Circles (LC) model vertically in Haida Nation, British Columbia (BC), and horizontally in three distinct community contexts: Gitxsan Nation, Hazelton /Upper Skeena, BC; Ministikwan Lake. The application of these principles is discussed in the context of our ongoing partnership with Williams Treaties First Nations to support community planning to enhance food security and sovereignty.MethodsA cross-community thematic analysis was conducted and guided by an implementation science framework, Foster-Fishman and Watson’s (2012) ABLe Change Framework, to identify key learnings and successes from adapting the LC approach. Information gathered from interviews (n = 55) and meeting reports (n = 37) was thematically analyzed to inform the development of guiding principles. Community sense-making of findings informed applicability in a new community context embarking on food systems work.ResultsEmergent guiding principles for participatory food system planning and action are described within four main areas: (1) create safe and ethical spaces for dialog by establishing trust and commitment from the ground up, (2) understand the context for change through community engagement, (3) foster relationships to strengthen and sustain impact, and (4) reflect and embrace program flexibility to integrate learnings.ConclusionsEmergent principles offer guidance to supporting Indigenous community-led research and mobilization of knowledge into action. Principles are intended to support researchers and health system administrators with taking a collaborative approach that fosters relationships and integration of community leadership, knowledge, and action for food system change. Application of principles with implementation frameworks can strengthen KT in Indigenous contexts by incorporating community protocols and perspectives in support of Indigenous self-determined priorities.

People with mental illness stigmatize mental illness less: A comparison study between a hospital-based sample of people with mental illness and a non-clinical general population sample in urban India.

Evidence shows that stigma negatively influences the quality of life of persons with severe mental illness. Nonetheless, stigma towards mental illness is lower among persons with a lived experience of mental illness compared to the rest of the population. Understanding the association between stigma of mental illness and the mental status of individuals living in urban India and whether this association is moderated by demographic factors opens a new avenue for prevention of social exclusion. Persons diagnosed with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or severe unipolar depression (cases, n = 647) were recruited from among hospital patients in New Delhi between November 2011 and June 2012 and matched with non-psychiatric urban dwellers by age, sex, and location of residence (controls, n = 649). Propensity score matching with multivariable linear regression was used to test whether stigma towards mental illness, measured by a 13-item Stigma Questionnaire, differed between cases and controls. Cases reported significantly lower stigma scores than controls (b = -0.50, p < 0.0001). The strength of the association between mental illness and stigma was not affected after controlling for age, caste, sex, education, and employment status, while wealth marginally reduced the strength of the association. These findings suggest individuals with a lived experience of mental illness, in New Delhi, India, may be more tolerant towards mental illness and support the need to involve persons with lived experience in the development and implementation of health promotional campaigns and programs aimed at reducing stigma towards mental illness.

The Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Lebanese Mothers Toward Their Children's Oral Health: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of Lebanese mothers toward their children's oral health, examine the association between the three variables, and identify their predictors. A cross-sectional online survey was administered to Lebanese mothers residing in Lebanon with children aged six months to 12 years between April and May 2022. The survey was administered to mothers from various geographical areas who presented to academic medical centers, private clinics, and dispensaries. The survey gathered sociodemographic data as well as assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practice of the participating mothers toward their children's oral health. A total of 357 responses were included in the final analysis.The mean age of mothers was 32.67 years +/- 6.35. The majority of mothers had one or two children (35.8% and 37.5%, respectively). More than two-thirds of the mothers were unemployed. Only 13% of the mothers followed best practices for their children's dental health, while 48.6.2% possessed above-average knowledge and 88.9% had great attitudes. Mothers with a university education had higher knowledge, better attitudes, and practice scores than those with school-level education (elementary, high school). Employed mothers had a significantly better knowledge score (p=0.036) and practice score (p=0.043) than unemployed mothers. The decrease in the number of children was associated with an increase in the maternal knowledge score. An increase in the mother's age was associated with a higher knowledge score. The findings of this study suggest the need for targeted oral health education programs for Lebanese mothers to enhance their attitudes and practices toward their children's oral health. It highlights the importance of early oral health interventions and emphasizes the significant role of mothers in promoting good oral health practices for their children. Further research is needed on a larger scale to comprehensively understand these variables and inform the development of appropriate national oral health programs for children in Lebanon.

DESKRIPSI PENGETAHUAN DAN INDEKS DMF-T DALAM RANGKA PENCEGAHAN MASALAH KESEHATAN GIGI DAN MULUT PADA SISWA BINA TALENTA GRAHA HARAPAN INDAH BEKASI

The health of school students is part of the health development and prevention program by the Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia. Improvement of general health will affect oral health. Prevention of oral health problems for Bina Talenta Graha students ranged from DMF-TT intraoral examination, dental health education, pre-test and post-test 33questionnaires, and mass toothbrushing activities. 44 kindergarten and 227 elementary school students participated in the program. DMF-T index was categorized according to WHO, in which the index for kindergarten is medium (3.92), while for elementary school classes is very high (8.7). Caries in both classes were more prevalent in girls than boys. The average score for kindergarten was 97.89 (pre-test) and 95.95 (post-test), while that of elementary school was 69 (pre-test) and 66.50 (post-test). Statistical tests for pre- and post-test yielded p = 0.623. for kindergarten and p= 0.151 for primary school. As p&gt;0.05, there was no significant difference between pre- and-post tests for both groups. The decline in scores can be caused by short duration of dental health education, pre-, and post-tests. Environmental factors such as noise, visual disturbances, fatigue, and uncomfortable room conditions also played a role. By considering those factors, next activites can be planned and done more optimally

Understanding the Elderly's Needs and Services regarding Services in Public Spaces in Yazd

Introduction: Active aging is among the important concepts of health influenced by effective public services; understanding adults' needs and services are of great importance. This study aims to explain understanding older adults' needs for services in public places in Yazd city. Methods: This qualitative study was done as conventional content analysis. Participants were 20 elderly people from Yazd selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was done in three levels of open coding and formation of sub categories and main categories. The study was evaluated and approved by four criteria of creditability, tranformability, reliability, and confirmability. Results: In total, 564 open codes were extracted. Then, primary codes were compared based on similarity, compatibility, and appropriateness, and 66 subclasses were obtained. 14 main categories were obtained by compressing the subcategories. The 8 main categories regarding different services included: healthcare, recreational, government agencies, transportation, communication and interaction, educational and research, religious and pilgrimage. In addition, regarding the older adults' needs, the 6 main categories included: improving the safety of places; providing effective education, mental, spiritual and social health development programs; improving services quality, reorganizing municipal services and provision of amenities. Conclusion: Paying attention to the needs of the elderly is necessary in planning for public spaces in cities. Regarding the need for comprehensiveness of services, it is suggested that the findings of this study be used in designing, implementing, and evaluating services in public places to their service needs and solve their problems.

A case study of the long-term sustainability of an oral health program for persons experiencing homelessness.

Stakeholders engaged in funding health programs and investing in human capital are concerned that their investments lead to beneficial long-term outcomes and do not fade from existence when funding streams dry up. However, dissemination and implementation researchers often pay little attention to what happens after programs are implemented. An essential function of the public health nurse operating at the executive management or leadership level is to evaluate overall effectiveness, quality, and sustainability of programs and to design systems-level quality initiatives and evaluation plans that foster program sustainability. This article applies a conceptual framework for sustainability to an oral health program serving persons experiencing homelessness, exploring the essential programmatic, community, and organizational factors that have positively impacted the long-term sustainability of the program. Lessons learned from a model program that has thrived in a political and economic resource poor climate may assist the public health nurse in planning and developing health programs that can withstand the test of time even in the most challenging of circumstances.

Development and implementation of an onfarm animal health and diagnostic educational training program for farm workers in antimicrobial stewardship in adult dairy cattle

Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is a holistic approach, which promotes judicious use of antimicrobial drugs to preserve their effectiveness and availability. Dairy farm workers are com­monly responsible for disease diagnosis and routine treatment decisions. This highlights the importance of farm workers’ knowledge and skills to successfully implement judicious use of antimicrobials in livestock production systems. Knowledge gaps in animal health and behavior have been recognized be­fore as an important reason to provide training to farm work­ers. A better understanding of cattle sickness behavior will improve early identification of clinical signs of disease and im­prove treatment success. The main objective of this project was to develop and implement an on-farm educational training pro­gram for farm workers in antimicrobial stewardship in adult dairy cattle.

Strengthening local government policies to address health inequities: perspectives from Australian local government stakeholders

BackgroundWith their close connection to community and increasing preventive health remit, local governments are well positioned to implement policies and programs to address health inequities. Nevertheless, there is a lack of evidence of equity-focused policy action in this sector. We aimed to understand how local government representatives approach equity in the development and implementation of health and wellbeing policies and programs, and to identify potential enablers for strengthening an equity focus.MethodsWe conducted semi-structured interviews (June 2022-January 2023) with 29 health directorate representatives from 21 local governments in Victoria, Australia. Representatives were recruited from urban, regional and rural local government areas, with varying levels of socioeconomic position. Data was analysed inductively using Braun and Clarke’s reflexive thematic analysis, informed by social determinants of health theory and a public policy decision making framework.ResultsLocal governments approach health equity in different ways including focusing on priority populations, disadvantaged geographic areas, or by targeting the upstream determinants of health, such as housing and employment. Enabling factors for more equity-oriented local government policy action included those internal to local governments: (i) having a clear conceptualisation of equity, (ii) fostering a strong equity-centric culture, and (iii) developing organisational-wide competency in health equity. External factors related to key stakeholder groups that support and/or influence local governments included: (iv) strong support from community, (v) state government leadership and legislation, and (vi) supportive local partners, networks and NGO’s.ConclusionsLocal governments have a responsibility to implement policies and programs that improve health and reduce health inequities. Local government’s capacity to leverage resources, structures, processes and relationships, internally and across sectors and community, will be key to strengthening equity-oriented local government health policies and programs.

Employee Perceptions of an Established Health and Wellness Coaching Program to Improve Behavior.

There is limited evidence, particularly qualitative analysis, of health and wellness interventions within the South African workplace. The purpose of this study is to explore whether health and wellness coaching when offered as part of an employee wellness program has potential for developing lifestyle change in a South African workplace. There were four, 45-minute focus group discussions, where employees discussed their experiences of the workplace health and wellness intervention program. Main categories identified from the coding of the transcripts were purpose of the health and wellness coaching program, as well as employees' program experience and improvement to the program. Common barriers to engagement, positive and negative experiences, and suggested improvements were defined by the employees. The study highlighted the need of understanding employee perceptions in the development and implementation of a workplace health and wellness program.

Ang Kalusugan at Kayamanan: The Health and Wealth of Hawai'i Filipinos.

Many Filipinos suffer from high rates of chronic diseases, while systemic and cultural barriers make it challenging for them to access care. Culturally relevant programs that integrate community perspectives and values are essential to improve Filipino health. To understand how health may be improved using self-identified community strengths and assets, researchers partnered with Filipino residents of the Kalihi neighborhood in Honolulu, Hawai'i. Researchers conducted a focused ethnographic study in spring 2016 with 52 adult residents of Kalihi to document Filipino perspectives on the overlapping concepts of health and wealth. Specifically, facilitators led culture circles, resulting in semi-structured discussions of community wellness. Participants shared perspectives of Filipino community health and wealth, resulting in 2 categories-self and relationships, 14 thematic codes and 7 definition components. These components informed the development of a new holistic health framework. The proposed framework may inform the development of more effective health programs rooted in extant community assets. This study sought to empower Filipino residents by acknowledging their views on wellness and prosperity that may not be reflected in conventional health care models. Further research is needed to deepen the understanding of the complex cultural relationships between health and wealth in communities of color.

SPATIAL VARIABILITY IN THE PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION: A CANADIAN PERSPECTIVE

Objective: Despite significant improvements in hypertension treatment, high blood pressure (HBP) still affects 22.6% of Canadians (Hypertension Canada, 2016). However, disparities associated with risk factors like, age, sex, and lifestyle can impact global prevalence in population. It is also a well-known fact that prevalence varies geographically. Thus, spatial location can give us a different perspective of hypertension in population. Reliable information about trends in hypertension rate is needed at regional scale to support the development of health programs. Geographic information systems (GIS) can provide that information by detecting spatial clusters of high or low HTN rate at health regions scale. The objectives of the study were to identify health regions with significantly high or low HTN rate using geostatistics and compare evolution from 2005 to 2019. It also seeks out to identify their populations’ characteristics using statistical analysis. Canadian Community Health Survey (2005, 2015 &amp; 2019) data were used for the analysis. Design and method: For the analysis, we used Canadian Community Health Survey from 2005, 2015 and 2019. The 130,000 respondents representing the whole population are located according to health regions and data can be analyzed using a GIS. Using age and gender as subgroups criteria creation, we applied spatial autocorrelation analysis and Getis-Ord hot analysis to identify geographically contiguous health regions with high or low HTN rates. We then extracted the records in CCHS database for all respondents living in these regions for supplemental statistical analysis. Results: HTN is still a problem in Canada. This is especially true for people aged 65 and older although 72.9% considered themselves in good health. Increase in HTN rate is spread all over Canada, although some regions showed a rate decrease. Getis-ord analysis located regions with low HTN rates while regions with high rates were also located. Cluster of health regions with high HTN rates shows more diabetes and more obese people even though 38.4% declared being in good health. Conclusions: Hypertension is still a major problem in Canada. Age and gender are still significant risk factors. Geographical variations in HTN rate are presents at health regions scale.

The Effect of Health Promotion Strategies on the Level of Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) in Household Settings in Penanggalan Sub-district of Subulussalam

Clean and healthy living behavior is essentially the basis for preventing humans from various diseases. Health is everyone's dream and need. The principle of clean and healthy living behavior (PHBS) is one of the cornerstones and health development programs in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of health promotion strategies (advocacy, atmosphere building, and community empowerment movements) on the level of Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) in Household Settings in Subulussalam City Subdistrict. The population of this study was all heads of families in Penanggalan Kota Subulussalam District. The sample of this study is part of the heads of families from the number of heads of families in Penanggalan District, which is 14,394 households. Measurement of independent variables using the Likert Scale, with some conditions. The results showed that PHBS most respondents (56 people, 56%) were in the Healthy II category, followed by Healthy IV as many as 25 respondents (25%), healthy III as many as 14 respondents (14%), and healthy I as many as 5 respondents (5%). This condition shows that most respondents have not met the healthy category standards set by the Ministry of Health, namely PHBS healthy category IV.

Rural-urban differences in access to care among children and adolescents in the United States.

Rural children and adolescents face disproportionate challenges in access to health care services than their urban counterparts. Yet, recent evidence on disparities in access to health care between rural and urban children and adolescents has been limited. This study examines the associations of residence location with receipt of preventive care, foregone medical care, and continuity of insurance coverage among US children and adolescents. This study used cross-sectional data from the 2019 to 2020 National Survey of Children's Health, with a final sample size of 44,679 children. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, and multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the differences in preventive care, foregone care, and continuity of insurance coverage between rural and urban children and adolescents. Rural children had lower odds of receiving preventive care (aOR 0.64; 95% CI 0.56-0.74) and having continuous health insurance coverage (aOR 0.68; 95% CI 0.56-0.83) compared to urban children. The odds of foregone care were similar between rural and urban children. Children at every federal poverty level (FPL) less than 400% were less likely to receive preventive care, and more likely to forego care than children residing at 400% or above FPL. Rural disparities in child preventive care and insurance continuity warrant ongoing surveillance and local access to care initiatives, especially for children in low-income households. Without updated public health surveillance, policymakers and program developers may not be aware of current disparities. School-based health centers are 1 avenue for meeting the unmet health care needs of rural children.

Food Insecurity and Associated Factors among Households in Maputo City.

Food insecurity (FI) is a global concern and is one of the main causes of malnutrition in low- and middle-income countries. In Mozambique, the burden of FI and how various factors contribute to FI is not well known. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of FI and its associated factors in southern Mozambique. Data from 1842 household heads in Maputo City were analyzed in a cross-sectional design. Food insecurity was measured using a modified version of the US Department of Agriculture Household Food Security scale, and its association with socio-demographic factors was assessed through multiple regressions. Altogether, 79% of the households were food insecure; of these, 16.6% had mild FI, 28.1% moderate and 34.4% severe FI. The study revealed that low-income households, those with less educated heads, and those engaged in informal work were significantly more prone to FI. Likewise, dietary diversity and the number of meals were also significant predictors of FI. These findings suggest the need for decent work and job creation, which calls for joint efforts from government, the private sector, and international institutions. Furthermore, these key drivers should be considered in the development of public health policies and programs designed to alleviate household FI and malnutrition in Mozambique.

Prevalence and sociodemographic determinants of selected noncommunicable diseases among the general population of Cyprus: A large population-based cross-sectional study.

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of NCDs among the population of Cyprus and to identify the distribution of the socioeconomic and demographic determinants among individuals with the most frequent NCDs. A cross-sectional study was conducted using stratified sampling. Socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and the presence of NCDs were collected through a standardized questionnaire. The diseases were classified using the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). In total, 1140 individuals participated in the study, among whom 590 (51.7%) had at least one chronic disease. The most prevalent NCDs were hyperlipidemia (17.4%), hypertension (12.9%), and thyroid diseases (8.4%). We identified more males than females with hyperlipidemia aged 25-44 years old and >65 years old (p = 0.024), more males compared to females with hypertension (p = 0.001) and more females compared to males with thyroid diseases (p < 0.001). Individuals with hypertension and hyperlipidemia were more likely to be married, to have completed a higher education, and to have a high annual income. In Cyprus, the majority of the general population had at least one NCD. Hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and thyroid disease are relatively common, even at younger ages, highlighting the need for the development of public health programs aimed at addressing and preventing NCDs.

Optimalisasi Manajemen Pelayanan Gerai Sehat di Layanan Kesehatan Cuma-Cuma (LKC) Dompet Dhuafa Jawa Tengah

Free Health Service (LKC) Dompet Dhuafa Central Java is a health program that provides free health services for underprivileged communities. However, to ensure optimal service, it is necessary to optimize the service management of healthy outlets at LKC. The purpose of this study is to identify factors that influence the optimization of healthy outlet service management in LKC and design a theoretical framework that can help in improving the quality of health services in LKC. This study used a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews. The results showed that the factors that affect the optimization of healthy outlet service management at LKC include: human resource management, drug and medical device procurement management, data management, and community relations management. From the results of the analysis, a theoretical framework was designed which includes six components, namely: planning, organizing, procurement, implementation, supervision, and assessment. This theoretical framework can help in improving the quality of health services in LKC by providing systematic and comprehensive guidance for LKC management. In conclusion, optimization of healthy outlet service management at LKC needs to be carried out continuously to improve the quality of health services. The theoretical framework designed can be used as a reference for LKC management in improving and developing health programs for underprivileged communities.