Development Of Gross Motor Skills Research Articles

Adapted Games for the Development of Gross Motor and Manipulative Skills of Primary School Children with Down Syndrome

Among the single-subject research models, the single-start, multiple-probe across-behavior model was used. The population of the research consists of children with down syndrome between the ages of six (6) and ten (10) living in Isparta. The sample of the research was created with two (2) children determined by simple random sampling method from among the families that constitute the population and agreed to participate in the research voluntarily. The research lasted seventeen (17) weeks in total. The children participating in the research were able to walk to the determined target in accordance with the tempo, to run to the determined target in accordance with the tempo, to walk between obstacles, to run through obstacles, to walk on a balance board, to jump from the step board to the ground with two feet, to jump from the ground to the step board with two feet, to reach the target with both hands. It is aimed to develop the skills of throwing the ball, throwing the ball to the target with the right hand, and throwing the ball to the target with the left hand. A behavior observation form was used to collect data. The data obtained at the end of the application was analyzed by showing it on a graph. The data obtained in the research were converted into line graphs. It was concluded that children learn simple movements faster than complex movements. It was concluded that the adapted game-based movement training program was effective in the development of psychomotor skills of children with Down syndrome.

An empirical study of the flag rugby game programme to promote gross motor skills and physical fitness in 5–6 year old preschool children

In order to investigate the effects of a flag rugby game programs on the development of gross motor skills and physical fitness in 5–6 year old preschool children. An overall random sampling method was adopted to select 56 preschoolers aged 5–6 years from class A and class B,class A was the ExG (28) implemented a flag rugby games intervention program,and class B was the ConG (28) implemented a regular physical education program,with a 12-week intervention period.The content and requirements of the experimental intervention program were determined through a systematic analysis method, and the subjects' gross motor skills level was tested using the TGMD-3, and their physical fitness level was measured using China's fifth national physical fitness monitoring of early childhood (3–6 years) component.Experimental data were statistically analyzed using independent samples t-test, paired samples t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA test.After 12 weeks of practice, 1）We found that the ExG outperformed the ConG in Skip,One hand stationary dribble, Overhand throw, Underhand throw, Forehand strike of self-bounced,Kick a stationary ball, Total object control subject score, Total gross motor score test results with significant differences (p < 0.05).The ExG differed significantly (p < 0.01) in Grip strength, Stand long jump,Sit forward bend, Continuous jump on both feet,15 m obstacle run,Walk the balance beam, while the ConG differed significantly (p < 0.05) only in Continuous jump on both feet,15 m obstacle run and Stand long jump.2）We also found gender differences in gross motor skills and Physical fitness test results, this difference is manifested in boys outperformed girls in Total object control subject Score, Grip strength and 15 m obstacle run with significant difference (p < 0.05), girls outperformed boys in Sit forward bend with significant difference (p < 0.05).The 12-week flag rugby game programs improved gross motor skills and physical fitness levels of 5–6 year old preschoolers more comprehensively than the regular program, and we recommend the purposeful and organized promotion of a flag rugby game programs in the physical activity curriculum for 5–6 year old preschoolers.

Examining the Effect of 8-Week Educational Games on Gross Motor Skills in Children with Autism

Families with autistic children expect their children to be self-sufficient and to play games like normal children. However, it appears that there are few initiatives and scientific research in our nation that would emphasize the importance of physical activity-based educational games in order to overcome this problem. The study's goal was to look at the impact of educational games on the development of gross muscular motor skills in people with autism. The study comprised 11 boys aged 10 to 12 who had never previously engaged in an educational game program on a regular basis. Measurements were gathered from the participants twice: once before the 8-week instructional gaming program and once after it ended. The control group received no instructional game software. The SPSS package application was used to perform statistical analysis on the data. There was a significant difference between the experimental group's pre-test and post-test results in hand grip, medicine ball throwing, speed, flexibility, sit-up, and balance (p&amp;lt;0.05). As a result, at the end of eight weeks, the educational game program based on physical activity and exercise had a positive influence on the gross motor abilities of children with autism. It may be recommended in this regard to further extend and promote educational game programs, as well as to include educational games in the education programs of children with autism.

The Influence of Aerobic Exercise on Gross Motor Development Achievements in Children Aged 5-6 Years at St Antonius Kindergarten 2 Medan Academic Year 2023/2024

The Influence of Aerobic Exercise on Gross Motor Development Achievements in Children Aged 5-6 Years at St Antonius Kindergarten 2 Medan Academic Year 2023/2024

Virtual-Reality-Based Supermarket for Intellectual Disability Classification, Diagnostics, and Assessment

Possible symptoms of intellectual disability (ID) include delayed physical development that becomes more pronounced as the disability progresses, delayed development of gross and fine motor skills, sensory perception problems, and difficulty grasping the integrity of objects. Although there is no cure or reversal, research has shown that extensive training and learning can lead to easier social integration, but the human demands of diagnosis and the cost of training often result in overburdened families of origin, an unmanageable workload for teachers, and high social costs. Therefore, it is important to conduct efficient, effective, and economical assessments in a safe and reproducible training environment. Currently, the assessment of intellectual disability relies on intelligence tests such as the Wechsler Intelligence Scale (WIS) and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (VABS). With the rapid development of virtual reality (VR) and machine learning (ML), we created a virtual supermarket and then collected data in three areas, including eye movements, brain waves, and behaviors. We also propose an intelligent executive function evaluation using ML to develop a more objective and automatic evaluation model based on real data through physiological data obtained from user reflections. Statistical analysis of the obtained data showed that some data metrics derived from behavioral information differed significantly between ID patients and healthy participants. This shows that it is possible to perform classification through neural networks, even at multiple levels, which may prove effective for vocational training through VR.

Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Development of Gross Motor Skills in 5-7-Year-Old Children

Background: Obesity in children and adolescents in the 21st century has become a major issue in the global health field. Previous studies showed that obese children have substantial adverse short- and long-term health consequences, including asthma, chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, diabetes, and numerous orthopedic complications. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the development of gross motor skills in 5-7-year-old children. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on children 5 - 7 years old in Bojnourd, Iran. The sampling method was multistage. A checklist containing the demographic data and BMI of participants was completed. Ulrich’s test of gross motor development (3rd edition) was also used to assess gross motor skills in children. Results: The age range of participants was 5 - 7 years. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of the participants’ age was 6.24 ± 0.82 years. Furthermore, the participants’ mean ± SD weight was 24.8 ± 3.68 g (range: 17.5 - 32.2 g). There was a significant statistical difference in gross motor skills scores in the three groups of obese, overweight, and optimal weight (P &lt; 0.0001). There was also a significant difference in gross motor skills scores between the two gender groups (P &lt; 0.0001). Conclusions: Higher weight groups had lower motor skills scores. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt appropriate policies for physical activity and to reduce the prevalence of obesity and overweight in children.

Occupational Therapy Assessments of Cortical or Cerebral Visual Impairment: A Systematic Review.

Cortical or cerebral visual impairment (CVI), a leading cause of visual dysfunction in children across the globe, can result in delayed development of fine and gross motor skills, functional mobility, and socialization, which affects all areas of occupation. No assessments are recommended for occupational therapy practitioners working with children with CVI. To appraise the measurement properties and clinical utility of CVI assessments appropriate for use by occupational therapy practitioners. MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. We followed the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guidelines for systematic reviews of patient-reported outcome measures for relevant studies. A total of 590 records yielded 15 studies of the measurement properties of 12 assessment tools, 8 patient-reported outcome measures and 4 clinician-reported or performance-based outcome measures. We report on the quality of measurement properties of 10 of the 12 outcome measures. None had high-quality evidence of content validity, structural validity, or test-retest reliability. Most had indeterminate internal consistency as a result of a lack of confirmatory factor analysis. Three instruments demonstrated high quality and sufficient construct validity. On the basis of the COSMIN guidelines, all 12 outcome measures have the potential to be recommended but require further study before definitive recommendations can be made. What This Article Adds: This is the first systematic review of assessments of CVI feasible for use by occupational therapy practitioners. High-quality studies of measurement properties are lacking. Further examination of the measurement properties of outcome measures is required.

Permainan Tradisional Bakiak Untuk Perkembangan Motorik Kasar Anak

Introducation: Bakiak game is one of the traditional games originating from West Sumatra which was born in the mid-1970s. This game tool is made of two thick sandal-shaped wooden planks that are about 125 cm long. On each board there are three or four rubber straps to tie the players' feet. Objective: the purpuse of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the traditionl bakiak game on the motordevelopment of elementary school children. Method: The method chosen is the type of Classroom Action Research (PTK) whic has four stages of procedure namely, planning, implementation (action), observaton (observation), reflection. Used in this research are observation and documentation. Result: The result of these observations indicate that gross motor development in children has not developed properly, especially when walking using clogs which requires a lot of training. This is the reason for researchers to observe again the gros motor development of children in the next stage. Conclusion: The conclusion of this research on traditional bakiak games on children's gross motor development is going according to plan. The series of activities from start to finish went well, the children and teachers were very enthusiastic and active in playing. This game has a positive effect on the development of gross motor skills and social development of children. There are very significant changes before and after the game

Gross Motoric Before and After Given the Stimulation of Games in Kindergarten As Syariah Jember

This study employed a pre-experimental research design with a population of 29 respondents. A sample of 27 respondents was selected using simple random sampling. Data collection was conducted using observation sheets, and data analysis was performed using the Paired Sample t test test. The study revealed that prior to engaging in the traditional game of snakes and ladders, all respondents were categorized as having underdeveloped gross motor skills (BB) (100%). However, after playing the traditional game of snakes and ladders, the majority of respondents were classified as having significantly improved gross motor skills (BSB) (93%). The analysis indicated that there was a significant influence of the traditional game of snakes and ladders on gross motor skills in children, with a significant result (2- tailed 0.000 ≤ 0.05). The difference in gross motor skills kindergarten children before and after being given stimulation through the Snakes and Ladders Game has a positive effect on the gross motor skills of children. Playing snakes and ladders provides stimulation that can enhance the gross motor skills of children aged 4-5 years. Therefore, the traditional game of snakes and ladders can be used as a stimulation tool to optimize the development of underdeveloped gross motor skills.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords:&#x0D; Game of Snakes and Ladders, Gross Motor

HUBUNGAN PIJAT BAYI DENGAN PERKEMBANGAN MOTORIK KASAR PADA BAYI USIA 3-6 BULAN DI NARESWARA MOM AND BABY CARE KUDUS 2022

Baby massage can stimulate the development of baby's gross motor skills, which is part of motor activity that involves large or gross muscle skills. The ability to use large muscles for babies is a basic movement ability. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between infant massage and gross motor development in infants aged 3-6 months at Nareswara Mom and Baby Care Kudus. This study uses a quantitative method with a cross-sectional approach. The research sample consisted of 50 infants aged 3-6 months at Nareswara Mom and Baby Care, Kudus, with the sampling technique using total sampling. Analysis of research data using univariate and bivariate analysis using chi square. The results of the univariate analysis showed that there were 33 babies (66%) aged 3-6 months who were in the routine category, while there were 17 babies (34%) who were in the non-routine category. Furthermore, gross motor development was normal in 24 infants (48%), gross motor development in question was in 17 infants (34%), and gross motor development was deviant in 9 infants (18%). The results of the bivariate analysis showed that 22 respondents (44%) had normal gross motor development for infants aged 3-6 months who had regular massages, 9 respondents had doubts (18%), and 2 respondents had deviations (4%). Furthermore, infants aged 3-6 months in the non-routine category with normal gross motor development were 2 respondents (4%), doubtful 8 respondents (16%), and deviant 7 respondents (14%). Then the results of the chi square test show the sig. Asyim (P-Value) of 0.000 is less than 0.05 (0.000 &lt;0.05). Statistically, there is a relationship between infant massage and gross motor development for infants aged 3-6 months at Nareswara Mom and Baby Care, Kudus. Thus it is hoped that mothers who have babies routinely provide baby massage stimulation in order to improve the baby's gross motor development.

Analisis Perkembangan Motorik Kasar Melalui Permainan Menangkap dan Melempar Bola pada Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun

Gross motor skills are good movement abilities in children which are very necessary in carrying out any activity. If this is not developed, children will become independent and become less confident in their social environment, each child will be able to reach the stage of gross motor development as long as they get optimal and appropriate stimulation. Through the activities of playing throwing and catching balls in gross motor development so that children have started to be able to make movements that coordinate between hands and feet in a simple way and can coordinate the muscles of the body. This study aims to find out how children's gross motor skills develop through throwing and catching balls in children aged 4-5 years at RA Arafah field, Medan sub-district. This research method uses descriptive qualitative research. Which aims to find out how the development of gross motor skills of children through playing throwing and catching balls at RA Arafah field Medan. This research is a descriptive qualitative research involving 1 teacher and 18 students. Data collection techniques used observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques carried out were data reduction, data display and drawing conclusions. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that children's gross motor development can develop by playing catch and throwing balls. To maximize the development of gross motor skills, agility and dexterity in children, this game can strengthen muscles and improve their motor skills in general. This catching and throwing game activity can be used as a learning model in class and extracurricular activities that aim to improve children's gross motor skills.&#x0D; eywords: Gross Motor, Games, Child.

Potenciando el aprendizaje significativo en educación inicial a través de la neuroeducación

The objective of this article was to strengthen meaningful learning in early education through neuroeducation at the Mundo de Ilusiones Guayas Child Development Center. The study adopted a mixed and descriptive approach, without conducting experiments in a controlled environment. The results revealed the importance of having specialized training for teachers working in early education, focused on the neuroscientific foundations of learning and its practical implications in the classroom. As a result of this research, a teaching guide was developed that contains activities designed to promote the development of gross motor skills, using principles of neuroeducation. It was concluded that neuroeducation is presented as a fundamental tool in initial education, since it allows us to understand the brain processes involved in meaningful learning.

Pengembangan Motorik Kasar Melalui Permainan Squid Game di TK Sejahtera Cigugur

Early childhood is very close to games because for early childhood games are the most fun part for children and one way to develop various aspects that exist in children. The purpose of this study was to determine the development of children 's gross motor skills through squad games. The research method used in this study is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The results of the study found that the development of gross motor skills in children through squid games was actually able to train locomotor movements in children. mat is meant by the locomotor movement itself in this case is the displacement movement carried out by certain body parts.

Outbound Kids Games in Early Childhood Learning: A Study of Gross Motor Skills

This research is motivated by the issue indicating the low development of gross motor skills in early childhood at the Siti Khodijah Majalengka Playgroup. This is manifested by several children who have not been able to efficiently coordinate body movements to train flexibility, balance, and agility. Additionally, the children have not been able to coordinate eye-hand-foot-head movements when imitating dances and gymnastics, and they are still unskilled in using their right and left hands. The research method employed in this study is pre-experimental. The research population consists of 30 students, with a sample size of 15 students. The results of the research demonstrate that there is an improvement in the gross motor skill development of students after implementing the outbound kids' game. This is further reinforced by the analysis using descriptive statistics, which indicates a positive change in the gross motor skill development of the students. Furthermore, the analysis using inferential statistics also reveals a significant difference between the average pretest and posttest scores of the students. Thus, it can be concluded that the outbound kids' game has a positive impact on enhancing the gross motor skill development of children at the Siti Khodijah Majalengka Playgroup.

Relationship between Children's Playing Opportunities and Children's Gross Motor Development in Kindergarten Islam Kurnia Asy Syifa

The background of this research is the low gross motor development of children in Kurnia Asy Syifa Islamic Kindergarten, this is suspected because it has something to do with children's playing opportunities that are low. This study aims to: 1) describe children's play opportunities; 2) describe the development of gross motor skills of children; and 3) looking at the relationship between children's play opportunities and gross motoric development of children in the Islamic Kurnia Asy Syifa Kindergarten. This type of research is quantitative research with correlational descriptive techniques. The research population was all parents of students at Kurnia Asy Syifa Islamic Kindergarten, totaling 25 people and all populations were used as samples. The data collection technique is in the form of a questionnaire with a data collection tool in the form of a questionnaire. The data analysis technique uses the percentage formula and Spearman rho correlation. The results showed that: (1) children's playing opportunities were categorized as very low, (2) children's gross motor developmentwas categorized as very low, (3) there was a significant relationship between children's playing opportunities and children's gross motoric development in Kurnia Asy Syifa Islamic Kindergarten. It is suggested that parents can identify their children's motoric development and provide opportunities for children to develop their children's gross motor skills, one of which is through play activities. Keywords: gross motor, playing, PAUD

The Overview of Child development During the Covid-19 Pandemic

During the Covid-19 pandemic, various activities to stimulate young children suddenly stopped due to the emergency condition of the Covid-19 outbreak, However, the stimulation of growth and development for young children was quite ongoing and obtained quite good results by implementing the Covid-19 health protocol. The aims of this study is to describe the growth and development of children during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research method used is qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The data collected is by means of participants observation and in-depth interviews through FGDs. The research results obtained are that children's growth and development can be seen by monitoring in the form of anthropometric measurements at the puskesmas or public health centers, as well as passive monitoring of growth and development as seen from the KIA’s handbook to prevent mass crowds as an effort to prevent the transmission of Covid-19 . The result in this study found that most were on the growth line in the KIA’s Handbook, while for the level of nutritional intake there were still some children who were lacking in nutrition. Most of the development of gross and fine motor skills in children is in accordance with the KIA’s handbook, however there are a few whose development is not in line with the KIA’s handbook, this could be due to one of the contributing factors, namely nutritional intake. In addition there are 44.44% of children experienced the negative impact of the pandemic on their children's mental-emotional condition, 33.33% of their mental-emotional condition was not affected due to the covid 19 pandemic and 22.22% did not provide clear information. Some of contributing factors that hinder children's growth and development, one of which are nutritional status , the cooperation with health care facilities , and also the support from parents to use educative indoor games and family recreation by implementing the Covid-19 health protocol.

Assessment of predisposition in the acquisition of the english language and motor development in children with autism spectrum disorder: Case report

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurobiological disorder. Characterized by language deficits, however, it is known that there is a development of bilingualism in the autistic population. Delay in motor development is present in the population, with deficits in fine and gross motor coordination. Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the predisposition to acquire a second language and motor development in children with ASD. Method: The case report is composed of four children, verbal with the cognitive and physical capacity to participate in the evaluations. Mean age ± 8 years and 3 months, 50% male, 100% literate. Distributed into two groups: group I: two children diagnosed with ASD according to DSM-V and group II: two children with typical development. The group of children with ASD underwent the assessment protocol consisting of the application of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) while the Revised Psychoeducational Profile (PEP-R) and the Placement Test were applied in both groups. Result: Children with ASD assessed with CARS had a low level of support. Regarding the PEP-R, the same group showed a deficit in the development of fine and gross motor coordination compared to group II. The child with ASD from the public network had a lower score compared to the child from the private network in relation to the level of development of bilingualism, both in reading and writing. Conclusion: It is possible to suggest that the development of fine and gross motor skills of children with ASD are deficient, however, they demonstrated a good result in the predisposition to learning a second language, including the child who studies in a public school. Although its development is a little smaller.

ANALISIS PERKEMBANGAN MOTORIK KASAR PADA BALITA DITINJAU DARI STATUS GIZI DI POSYANDU DESA KETIMANG WONOAYU

One of the components that influence gross motor development problems is nutritional status. The research method is quantitative with a cross-sectional research design. The population and sample are all children aged 3-5 years who are present at the posyandu in Ketimang Wonoayu as many as 31 toddlers with a sampling technique using total sampling in November 2022. Process data using univariate and bivariate analysis using the chi-square statistical test. The results of the chi-square test obtained a p-value of 0.006 &lt;α (0.05), showing that there is a significant relationship between gross motor development and nutritional status for toddlers. The development of gross motor skills in toddlers in terms of nutritional status has an influence, so it is important for parents to pay attention to the nutritional status, especially at the age of five.

Kegiatan Bernyanyi di Depan Kelas dalam Mengembangkan Kemampuan Motorik Kasar Anak Kelompok B (5-6 Tahun) di TK Aisiyah 2 Palembang

This study aims to deermine the development of gross motor skills in group B children (5-6 years) in Aisiyah 2 Palembang. This research is a type of experimental quantitative descriptive research method. Namely by using singing activities in front of the class to develop gross motor skills in children at kindergarten Aisiyah 2 Palembang. The results of this study indicate that there is an effect of singing activities in front of the class on the gross motor development of children in kindergarten Aisiyah 2 Palembang. Then it is obtained that the significant value (2-tailed) is 0.000 because the signifivant value is less than 0.025, then Ho is rejected, meaning Ha is accapted, so there is a significant difference in singing activities in front of the class on gross motoric development of children in kindergarten B Aisiyah 2 Palembang.

Relationship of Breastfeeding on Infant Development in Surakarta

Background: Breast milk is the healthiest diet for newborns since it has the best immune system of any food, has a wealth of advantages, and contains the right combination and amount of nutrients to promote an infant's growth and development, especially between the ages of 0 and 6 months. This study aimed to determine the impact of breastfeeding on infant’s development in Surakarta. Subjects and Method: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at Community Health Centre in Surakarta, Central Java on March to August 2020. A total sample of 56 infants were selected for this study. The dependent variable was infant development. The independent variable was exclusive breastfeeding. The data collected by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by Chi-Square. Results: Infants who are exclusive breastfeeding have a 25.50 times chance of developing better com¬par¬ed to infants who are not exclusive breast¬feeding, and this is statistically significant (OR= 25.50; 95% CI= 1.14 to 572.30; p &lt;0.001). Infant with exclusive breast¬feeding had a better commu-nication and social interaction at 6 months, and better cognition, communication, and social interaction at 12 months. Conclusion: The development of infants' psychological, linguistic, fine motor, and gross motor skills can be improved by exclusive breastfeeding. Keywords: breastfeeding, development, infants.